- •Національний технічний університет україни
- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •10. Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- •11. Work in small groups. Find information in the Internet about top 10 Universities in Ukraine and share your information with representatives of different universities.
- •12. Work in pairs, student a and b. Discuss the following question: is it necessary for the 21st century engineers to know a foreign language?
- •13. You have to make a presentation about “kpi”. Write a short introduction (60-80 words) to your presentation in order to help you speak naturally. You may use the phrases in the box below.
- •14. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Tense. You have to decide if the verb is positive or negative.
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form.
- •16. Write these sentences into the Present Simple negative form.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to a business news report about the gas industry. While listening complete these sentences with the words from the frame.
- •12. You are a participant of the annual scientific conference and your task is to make a report entitled "Economy and Industry of Ukraine in the 21st century – our achievements".
- •14. Underline the correct tense form in the following sentences.
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
- •16. Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjective and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •7. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •10. Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- •16. Complete the sentence and underline the correct word in bold.
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •6. Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and decide whether the following sentences are true (t) or false (f):
- •16. Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- •17. Write these sentences into the Present Simple negative form.
- •Unit 5 the era of high-tech pollution
- •The Era of High-Tech Pollution
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •10. Listen to three people expressing their views on environmental problems. Choose which of the problems they are anxious about. Mark as Yes () or No ().
- •15. Some of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •16. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous or the Past Simple.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 6 environmental protection
- •Environmental Protection
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •7. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •8. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •10. Listen to three people taking part in a survey about recycling. Mark statements as Yes () or No ().
- •16. Underline the correct tense form in each of the following sentences.
- •18. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •Unit 7 facts about forces
- •10. Listen to the text and answer the following questions:
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense or the correct form of be going to.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •5. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •6. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen again to the text and decide whether these sentences are true (t) or false (f):
- •17. Work in pairs. Make up 5 questions to the text“Gravity, Friction, Magnetism” and let your partner answer them. Unit 9 simple machines
- •In pairs, discuss what is meant by “simple machines”. Are they still in use today? If yes, give some examples.
- •4. Decide, whether the statements below are true or false:
- •5. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen and fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list:
- •12. Discuss the following quotations in small groups.
- •13. Why is manufacture so closely connected to science? Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to answer this question using phrases and words in the box:
- •14. Match two parts to form sentences.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- •16. Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- •17. Fill in the gaps with can, can’t, could, couldn’t or was / wasn’t able to.
- •Unit 10
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •7. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Before- listening:
- •4. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •5. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •6. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and decide whether the following sentences are true (t) or false (f):
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- •16. Transform sentences from the Active into Passive Voice.
- •17. In the following description of how plastics are shaped, put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- •Unit 12
- •4. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •5. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •6. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the questions:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •12. Work in pairs. Discuss the following quotations with your partner.
- •14. In the following sentences underline the verbs and define the voice (Active / Passive).
- •15. Transform the sentences from the Active into Passive Voice, as in the example.
- •16. Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- •17. Complete the following report of an accident which happened in a factory. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit 13 numbers
- •Numbers
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:
- •7. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •8. Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •9. Listen and practise.
- •10. Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- •11. Work in pairs. What numbers do people usually consider lucky and unlucky and why?
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •7. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •11. Discuss the following questions in small groups.
- •12. Make a short presentation on one of the following topics: "Maya numerals", "Babylonian numerals" or find another to your liking.
- •13. Choose one of the following quotations and explain what it means. Write a short paragraph (60 - 80 words) to express your opinion.
- •14. Match two parts to form conditional sentences.
- •15. Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- •16. Underline the correct tense form in the following sentences.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen and underline the stressed syllable in each of the following words:
- •17. Complete the table of adverbs.
- •18. Four of the sentences below contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Unit 16 measuring instruments
- •Measuring Instruments
- •4. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •5. Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •6. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:
- •7. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and fill in the gaps.
- •11. Use the Internet or magazines to find information about history of measurement. Which countries developed the earliest standard systems? Why did they need them? Work in small groups.
- •12. Find out which are the cheapest and the most expensive measuring instruments? How are they made? Work in pairs.
- •13. Choose one of the following quotations and explain what it means. Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to express your point of view.
- •14. Decide if the following nouns are countable or uncountable and write them in the appropriate column below.
- •15. Fill in the blanks with the where necessary.
- •16. Fill in the blanks with a / anorthewhere necessary.
- •17. Fill in the blanks with a / an or the where necessary.
- •Unit 17
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •5. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •4. Fill in the words from the list below. Use each word only once.
- •10. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •17. Fill in the gaps with little / a little or few / a few.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •12. Find some information in the Internet and tell your partner about one or two new things in industrial design you have found.
- •13. Imagine that you are working at the manufacturing company. Describe the design of your website (write 60-80 words). For example, it can be for selling manufacturing tools. Decide:
- •14. Fill in many, much or a lot of.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with many or much.
- •16. Put the following sentences in order from the most to the least.
- •17. Complete the sentences with the words given in brackets.
- •Unit 20
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •6. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •7. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •15. Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions.
- •16. Underline the correct preposition. Use dictionary if necessary.
- •17. Five of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Grammar references Іменник (the Noun)
- •Артикль (the Article)
- •Неозначений артикль a/an
- •Означений артикль the
- •Артиклі не вживаються:
- •Займенник (the Pronoun)
- •Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- •Прийменник (the Preposition)
- •Числівник (the Numeral)
- •Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- •I. Загальні запитання
- •I. Спеціальні запитання
- •III. Альтернативні запитання
- •IV. Розділові запитання
- •Дієслово (the Verb)
- •Форми дієслова
- •Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- •Зведена таблиця часів активного стану (active voice)
- •Активний стан дієслова (the active voice) Часові форми дієслова
- •The Present Simple
- •The Past Simple
- •The Future Simple
- •The Present Continuous
- •The Past Continuous
- •The Future Continuous
- •The Present Perfect
- •The Past Perfect
- •The Future Perfect
- •The Present Perfect-Continuous
- •The Past Perfect Continuous
- •The Future Perfect Continuous
- •Пасивний стан (the Passive Voice) Зведена таблиця часів пасивного стану (the Passive Voice)
- •Модальні дієслова (the Modal Verbs)
- •Узгодження часів (the Sequence of Tenses)
- •Перетворення запитальних речень у непряму мову
- •Перетворення спонукальних речень з прямої у непряму мову
- •Інфінітив (the Infinitive)
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив з to
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив без to
- •Складний додаток з інфінітивом
- •Герундій ( the Gerund)
- •Ми використовуємо герундій :
- •Дієприкметник (the Participle)
- •Умовний спосіб дієслова (the Conditionals)
- •Найбільш вживані скорочення дієслівних форм
- •Irregular verbs
- •Unit 1 the national technical university of ukraine "kyiv polytechnic institute"
- •Unit 2 economy and industry of ukraine Gas Industry
- •Unit 3 from the history of computer
- •Unit 4 robotics Home Robots
- •Unit 7 facts about forces The Moment of Force
- •Unit 8 gravity, friction and magnetism
- •Unit 9 simple machines
- •Unit 10 complex machines Bicycle
- •Unit 11 metals
- •Unit 12 mechanical properties Material properties
- •Unit 14 numerals
- •Unit 15 geometric figures
- •Unit 16 measuring instruments Gauge
- •Unit 17 inventions
- •Unit 18 types of engines
- •Unit 19 industrial design
- •Unit 20 manufacturing Chopsticks for China, Made in America
- •References
Прийменник (the Preposition)
Прийменник – це частина мови, яка служить для зв’язку слів у реченні. Відповідно до значення розрізняють прийменники часу, місця, напрямку та ін.
Прийменники часу
Ми використовуємо прийменники часу для того, щоб сказати коли щось відбулось, відбувається або відбудеться. Найбільш поширеними є at, in та on.
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час: |
at 5 o’clock |
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at |
свята |
at Christmas, at Easter |
|
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вирази: |
at the weekend, at the moment, at present, at dawn, at noon, at night, at midnight |
|
|
місяці: |
in April |
|
|
сезони: |
in winter |
|
in |
роки: |
in 1992 |
|
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століття: |
in the 20thcentury |
|
|
вирази: |
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in an hour, in a week |
|
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дні: |
on Friday, on New Year’s Day |
|
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дати: |
on May 5th |
|
on |
частина конкретного дня: |
on Tuesday morning |
|
|
прикметник + day: |
on a cold day |
Примітка: ми використовуємо from…to, щоб показати тривалість. Напр.. She works from 9 am to 6 pm every day.
Прийменники місця
Ми використовуємо прийменники місця для того, щоб говорити про місцезнаходження людей або предметів. Серед них:
|
on – |
на (на поверхні) |
on the floor – на підлозі |
|
in – |
в (в середині) |
in the room – в кімнаті |
|
under – |
під |
under the table – під столом |
|
in front of – |
перед |
in front of the mirror – перед дзеркалом |
|
behind – |
за, позаду |
behind the house – за будинком |
|
beside /next to |
поряд |
next to the table – поряд із столом |
|
near – |
біля |
near the window – біля вікна |
|
at – |
біля |
at the blackboard – біля дошки |
|
between – |
між (двома ) |
between two chairs – між двома стільцями |
|
among – |
серед (трьох або більше) |
among the friends – серед друзів |
|
opposite - |
напроти |
opposite the cinema – напроти кінотеатру |
Прийменники напрямку
Ми використовуємо прийменники напрямку для того, щоб показати напрямок, у якому хтось або щось рухається. До них належать:
|
along – |
вздовж |
the car is going along the road. |
|
across – |
через |
they are walking across the street. |
|
up – |
вгору |
they are going up the steps. |
|
down – |
вниз |
they are going down the steps. |
|
into – |
в (в середину) |
he is getting into the taxi. |
|
out of – |
з (з середини) |
he is coming out of the building. |
|
over – |
над, через |
the plane is flying over the city. the horse is jumping over the fence. |
|
from…to |
від...до |
the train is going from london to york. |
|
round – |
навколо, за |
he is going round the corner. |
|
through - |
через |
the planes are going through the clouds. |
Числівник (the Numeral)
Числівники поділяються на кількісні і порядкові. Кількісні числівники відповідають на запитання скільки? Порядкові числівники відповідають на запитання котрий?
Кількісні числівники
|
1 one |
11 eleven |
21 twenty-one |
101 a (one) |
|
2 two |
12 twelve |
22 twenty-two |
hundred and one |
|
3 three |
13 thirteen |
30 thirty |
200 two hundred |
|
4 four |
14 fourteen |
40 forty |
1,000 a (one) |
|
5 five |
15 fifteen |
50 fifty |
thousand |
|
6 six |
16 sixteen |
60 sixty |
1,000,000 a (one) |
|
7 seven |
17 seventeen |
70 seventy |
million |
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8 eight |
18 eighteen |
80 eighty |
1,000,000,000 a |
|
9 nine |
19 nineteen |
90 ninety |
billion – мільярд |
|
10 ten |
20 twenty |
100 a (one) hundred |
|
Особливості утворення кількісних числівників
Кількісні числівники від 13 до 19 утворюються за допомогою суфікса –teen.
Кількісні числівники, що означають десятки від 20 до 90, утворюються за допомогою суфікса –ty.
Між сотнями та десятками, а, якщо пропущені десятки, то між сотнями і одиницями ставиться and: 358 – three hundred and fifty – eight.
Числівники hundred, thousand, million не приймають закінчення –s у множині: two hundred books.
Розряди цілих чисел в англійській мові розділяються комами: 1,234,765 (one million two hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and sixty-five)
Десяткові дроби в англійській мові розділяються крапкою, яка читається point. Кожна цифра дробової частини десяткового дробу читається окремо. Нуль читається zero: 56.704 – fifty-six point seven zero four.
Порядкові числівники
|
1st first |
13th thirteenth |
30th thirtieth |
|
2nd second |
14th fourteenth |
40th fortieth |
|
3rd third |
15th fifteenth |
50th fiftieth |
|
4th fourth |
16th sixteenth |
60th sixtieth |
|
5th fifth |
17th seventeenth |
70th seventieth |
|
6th sixth |
18th eighteenth |
80th eightieth |
|
7th seventh |
19th nineteenth |
90th ninetieth |
|
8th eighth |
20th twentieth |
100th (one) hundredth |
|
9th ninth |
21st twenty – first |
101st (one) hundred and first |
|
10th tenth |
22nd twenty – second |
1,000th (one) thousandth |
|
11th eleventh |
23rd twenty – third |
1,001st (one) thousand and first |
|
12th twelfth |
24th twenty - fourth |
1,000,000th (one) millionth |
Особливості утворення порядкових числівників
Усі порядкові числівники, крім first, second, third утворюються від відповідних кількісних числівників за допомогою суфікса –th.
Порядкові числівники вживаються з означеним артиклем.
Деякі числівники мають відмінності у правописі: five – fifth, eight – eighth, nine – ninth, twelve – twelfth.
У числівників 20th – 90th буква y замінюється на ie перед суфіксом -th.
Числівники у датах
При читанні чотиризначних чисел, що означають роки, спочатку читаються дві перші цифри, а потім дві останні: 1992 – nineteen ninety-two.
Дати пишуться так: 5th Dec., або: Dec. 5th., або 5.12. – і читаються: the fifth of December або December the fifth. Часто також вказується рік. Пишеться: April 3rd, 1962 або 3.4.62. Читається: April the third nineteen sixty – two.
Коли необхідно вказати день тижня, то пишемо так: Sunday, 7th September.