Unit seven

Grammar: 1. Review of tenses

2. Modals (to have to, to be to)

3. Indefinite Pronouns (much, many, few, little)

4. Preposition of Time

Pre-reading exercises

Exercise I. Pronounce the following words:

Trip – подорож; Customs – митниця; Arrangement – домовленість; On business – у справі; By ship – кораблем; By train – потягом; Voyage – подорож морем, річкою; Cruise – подорож морем; Tour – подорож; Opportunity – змога; Landscape – ландшафт; Safety – безпека; Result in – приводити до; Palpable – помітний; Increase – ріст; Agency – агентство.

Exercise II. Pronounce the following word combinations:

Go on tour – відправлятися у турпоїздку;

go via – їхати через;

passport control – паспортний контроль;

means of transportation – засоби перевезення;

to be short of time – не мати часу;

travel through – подорожувати через;

package tour – тур пакетом;

declaration form – декларація;

personal use – особисте використання.

Reading

Read closely the text, translate it into Ukrainian and try to retell it:

Travelling

Travelling abroard is very popular in the world. Businessmen travel by plane, because it’s the fastest means of transportation. Those who are not short of time usually travel by train or ship. It takes more time but gives the opportunity to see the country you travel through, its landscape and nature. Modern trains have many comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort, and safety are the main advantages of plains and trains.

Ukraine attracts more and more tourist from year to year. In 2006, 18,6 million tourists visited Ukraine. This was a 10 percent increase from 2005.

That travel from the EU, Canada and the United States no longer require visas to come to Ukraine has resulted in a probably increase in tourist from these countries.

Tourism agencies and operators provide package tours for the tourist from Slovakia, Poland, Romania and other countries.

But sometimes they make their own arrangements.

Tourist arriving in the country on package tours stay in four – and five – star accommodations, which are still insufficient in number. There are some five-star hotels in Ukraine – Premier Palace in Kyiv, Donbass Palace in the south-eastern industrial city of Donetsk and other.

Tourism infrastructure is developing effectively. There are few good hotels in Crimea, and as a result, prices for rooms and the quality of the service are very high.

While travelling abroad you have to go through customs, sometimes several times. The customs officers check your passport and visas. If you have anything to declare, then you are to fill in the declaration form. If you are carrying weapon you need a permit. The customs officers may ask you to show you luggage. Usually articles for personal use and wear and also used items and gifts are not liable to duty anywhere. Do not break the customs regulations because you may have a lot of problems.

Text-based exercises

Exercise III. Answer the following questions:

1. Why is travelling abroad so popular nowadays?

2. How do most of businessmen travel?

3. What means of transportation is your favourite?

4. What are the main advantages of planes?

5. How is the tourism developing in Ukraine?

6. What do the tourism agencies provide for their customers?

7. Which five-star hotels in Ukraine do you know?

8. Have you ever stayed in one of them?

9. How is the procedure of passing through the frontier?

Exercise IV. Give English equivalents:

Зброя, предмети особистого використання, багаж, подарунок, задекларувати, дозвіл, подорож за кордон, п’ятизірковий готель, сервіс, бути в недостатній кількості, везти заборонені речі, віза, оподаткувати, порушувати правила, кордон.

Grammar exercises

Exercise V. Translate the following sentences. Be sure that you know the meaning of the following words:

Тo result in – закінчувати (приводити до чогось)

to result from - виходити з, виникати

1. Job losses resulted from changes in production.

2. The fire has resulted in many thousands of deaths.

3. The project is beginning to show results.

4. She died as a result of her injuries.

5. When water levels rise, flooding results.

Exercise VI. Open the brackets and translate the sentences:

1. An interpreter (to translate) from one language into another.

2. He (always / stay) at the park Hotel when he’s in London.

3. It was hard work carrying the bags. They (be) very busy.

4. When I was young, I (want) to be a bus driver.

5. Maria (learn) English for 2 years.

6. He (watch) television all day.

7. How long you (read) this book.

8. He (read) a programme for ten minutes when they come.

9. She (work) as a doctor there for seven years by that time.

Exercise VII.

1. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the meaning and use of the modal verbs “to have to”, “to be to”:

1. I have to be back in London early on Monday morning.

2. They had to go away for several weeks then on business.

3. I’ll have to think about it now.

4. They were to send their carriage for us this morning at nine.

5. He was to keep his books in this room.

1. Make the following interrogative and negative:

1. Her father has to wear spectacles.

2. You had to return home.

3. They had to work at night.

4. He was to live in the farm-house when he got married.

5. They are to arrive on Monday morning.

Exercise VIII. Fill in the blanks with much, many, little, few:

1. Was there … snow in Kyiv last winter? Yes, there was. And it was very cold.

2. Do … people watch TV in the evening?

3. … children watch TV after 9 o’clock in the evening.

4. I don’t like … sugar in my tea.

5. I’m sorry we have very … ham for breakfast, but we have a lot of chess.

6. We must go to the theatre in half an hour. We have very … tome for dinner.

7. He doesn’t know German well, but he studies very now.

Exercise IX. Make up question to which the underline words are the answers:

1. Tom is going to talk to you over the telephone.

2. She is going to write three English exercises.

3. He is going to listen to the teacher.

4. I am going to watch the TV programme at 9 o’clock.

5. They are going to listen to the tape-recorder.

Exercise X. Fill in the gaps with one of the prepositions from the list:

above, next to/ beside, opposite, below, over, near/close to, by

1. The restaurant is … the square (вище).

2. The car park is … the cinema (біля).

3. The school is … the library (навпроти).

4. The hairdresser’s is … the chemist’s (біля).

5. The chemist’s is … the hairdresser’s (нижче).

6. The church is … the river (край, біля).

7. There is a bridge crossing … the river (через).

Exercise XI. Put since, for or till in the bank space:

1. I have been in England … 2 years.

2. I hadn’t been to this hotel … last Christmas.

3. That must wait … I see you again.

4. I haven’t been to Ukraine … six years.

5. What have you been doing … yesterday?

6. Don’t move … I say so.

Speech exercises

Exercise XII.

a) Read the dialogue:

On Tuesday Borisov received Mr. Taylor who had come to Kiev to offer office equipment to Ukrainimport.

Taylor:	Good morning, Mr. Borisov.
Borisov:	Good morning, Mr. Taylor. Will you take a seat, please.
Taylor:	Thank you, sir. We know you are interested in our office equipment and I have brought some catalogues with me. I think you would like to look through them. You will see that our prices are reasonable.
Borisov:	I hope so. It would take me a day or two probably. Could we meet at our office, say, at 11 on Friday?
Taylor:	Fine. Good-bye.

On Friday Mr. Taylor came to Borisov's office again.

Borisov:	Good morning, Mr. Taylor.
Taylor:	Good morning, Mr. Borisov.
Borisov:	I have looked through your catalogues. We can buy from you office furniture. But I think that your prices are rather high.
Taylor:	I can't agree with you; Mr. Borisov, our prices, are not so high as you say. Other companies quote higher prices. And I'd also like to stress that we usually give a good discount to customers who place big orders with us.
Borisov:	What discount will you give us, if we place a trial order for 500 desks and 1,000 chairs.
Taylor:	Well, for that order we can give you a 2% discount off the value of the goods.
Borisov:	We expected a 4% discount.
Taylor:	If you agree to open a L/C for the full value of the goods we are ready to give you 4% discount.
Borisov:	I think we can do that
Taylor:	Then it settles the matter

b) Think and answer:

1. Who was Ukrainimport interested in buying office furniture from Taylor and Co?

2. What information did Borisov find in the catalogues which Mr. Taylor had brought with him?

3. Why did Taylor and Co usually give a discount to Buyers who placed big orders with them?

Exercise XIII. Answer the following questions:

1. To what company did you sell your goods last?

2. Are you satisfied with the transaction?

3. What business matter had you discussed before you signed the contract?

4. Was the price acceptable to the buyers or did they find it high?

5. Had you ever done business with that company before?

6. What goods do you sell?

7. What foreign companies are interested in your goods?

8. Are your goods of high quality?

9. Do the Buyers always find your prices reasonable or do they sometimes find them high?

10. What do you usually do if the buyers don't want to accept your prices?

11. What are your terms of payment?

12. Do the sellers usually give a discount to customers for trial orders?

13. They usually open a L/C for the full value of the contract, don't they?

14. What is a trial order?

15. In what other cases do the sellers give a discount to their customers?

Exercise XIV. Speak on the topics:

“Discussing terms of payment”

“The contract we made last”