sociology_buirtsa_100

2 terms:E.Durkheim

A panic is… :A fearful arousal or collective flight based on a generalized belief that may or may not be accurate

A research design is… :A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically

A rumor is … :A piece of information gathered informally that is used to interpret an ambiguous situation

A sample is … :A selection from a larger population that is statistically representative of that population

A society is… :set of people incorporated by concrete needs, interests, obligations, kinds of activity

A sociological … :Conflict perspective

According … :An unconscious or unintended function that may hidden purposes

According … :An open, stated, and conscious function

Achieved is… :A social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts

Agrarian - :The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are engaged primarily in the production of food, but increase their crop yields through technological innovations such as the plow

Alienation is a … :A condition of estrangement or disassociation from the surrounding society

An economic system in … :Capitalism

An economic system under which all property :Communism

An economic system under which the means :Socialism

An ideal type is … :A construct or model for evaluating specific cases

Anomie, … :The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective

Ascribed … :A social position generally assumed to be fixed by birth or inheritance

Basic … :Defining the problem, reviewing the literature, formulating the hypothesis, collecting and analysing data, developing the conclusion

Bureaucracy is … :A component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency

Capitalism is… :An economic system in which the means of productions are held largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits

Charles :Interactionist perspective

Choose scientists who supported structural-functionalist :T.Parsons and R.Merton

Choose scientists who supported symbolic-interactionist :G.H.Mead and E Goffman

Class is… :A group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income

Class system is… :A social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility

Communism is..:As an ideal type, an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce

Community is…:Any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis

Crazes are …:An exciting mass involvement that lasts for a relatively long period

Crowd is … :A temporary gathering of people in close proximity who share a common focus or interest

Dysfunction is …:An element or process of a society that may disrupt social system or reduce its stability

Economic Sociology as a science was emerged in … :the XX century

Erving Goffman is a proponent of…:Interactionist perspective

Evolutionary theory has developed by… :H.Spenser

Experiment is … :An artificially created situation that allows a researcher to manipulate variables

Fads are … :A temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people; they spring up independently of preceding trends

Fashion is …:A pleasurable mass involvements that feature a certain amount of acceptance by society

Founder of biological theory is … :H.Spenser

George Herbert Mead is a proponent of… :Interactionist perspective

Globalization is… :The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas

Horizontal mobility is … :The movement of an individual from one social position to another of the same rank

Horticultural society - :A preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods

Hunting-and-gathering society is… :A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibres are readily available in order to survive

In an experiment the subjects who are exposed to …:Experimental group

In an experiment the subjects who are not introduced :Control group

Industrial city is … :A relatively large city characterized by open competition, an open class system, and elaborate specialization in the manufacturing of goods

Industrial society - :A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services

Innovation is… :The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention

Interview is … :A face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information

Macrosociology is a … :sociological investigation that concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilisations

Microsociology is a … :sociological investigation that stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means

Natural disaster is… :A sudden or disruptive event that overtaxes a community’s resources, so that outside aid is necessary

Object of sociological study is… :Society

Observation is … :A research technique in which an investigator collects information through direct participation and/or by closely watching a group or community

Postindustrial city is … :A city in which global finance and the electronic flow of information dominate the economy

Postindustrial society -:A society whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information

Preindustrial city is … :A city of only a few thousand people that is characterized by a relatively closed class system and limited mobility

Primary group is… :A small group characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation

Robert Merton is a proponent of… :Structural-functionalist perspective

Secondary group is…:A formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

Small group is… :A group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously- that is, to talk with one another or at least be acquainted

Social inequality is … :A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power

Social institution is … :An organized pattern of beliefs and behaviour centred on basic social needs

Social structure is…:The way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships

Socialism is… :An economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned

Sociologists employ:Secondary analysis and content analysis

Sociology as a science was emerged in … :France

Stratification is… :A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in a society

Subject :Research of association of groups of society at a concrete stage of its development

Survey is … :A method that involves asking a relatively large number of people the same set of standardized questions

Talcott Parsons is a proponent of… :Structural-functionalist perspective

The author of dramaturgical approach in sociology :E.Goffman

The author of the book “Capital” :K.Marx

The author of the book “Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” :M.Weber

The author of the dialectic theory is… :K.Marx

The author of the economic determinism theory is… :K.Marx

The final step in any research project is … :Developing the conclusion

The first sociological perspective is…:Positivism

The first step in any research project is … :Define the problem

The main advantage of existing sources is… :Cost-efficiency

The main advantage of experiment is… :Yields information about specific issues

The main advantage of observation is… :Yields direct measures of people’s behavior

The main advantage of survey is… :Yields detailed information about specific groups or organizations

The main limitation of existing sources is… :Involves months if not years of labor-intensive data

The main limitation of experiment is… :Ethical limitations on the degree to which subjects’ behavior can be manipulated

The main limitation of observation is…:Limited to data collected for some other purpose

The main limitation of survey is… :Can be expensive and time-consuming

The social role … :a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status

The social status … :a position of the person in the social system connected to belonging to group

The system of economic relations in capitalist … :Development of business, a competition, trade through a personal freedom

The system of economic relations in feudal … :Labor, either natural, or the monetary rent, including by craft

The system of economic relations in primitive … :Hunting, collecting , absence of private property

The system of economic relations in slaveholding … :Operation of another’s work with full assignment of his products

The system of economic relations in socialist … :A state ownership on all means of production

The system of social-stratification attitudes in capitalist … :Bankers, businessmen, proletariat, intelligencia, farmers

The system of social-stratification attitudes in feudal … :Imperial family, insignificant groups of nobility

The system of social-stratification attitudes in slaveholding … :Imperial family, small representation of aristocracy and slaves

The system of social-stratification attitudes in socialist … :Workers, collective farmers, intelligencia, party elite

The system of social-stratification relations … :Stratification on age, sex, abilities, individualities

The system of sociopolitical relations in capitalist society was based on… :Different variants of democracy and parliamentary

The system of sociopolitical relations in feudal society was based on… :Unlimited, or a moderate monarchy, at an opportunity of existence of trading republics

The system of sociopolitical relations in primitive society was based on… :Elective board of elders

The system of sociopolitical relations in slaveholding society was based on… :A unlimited monarchic despotism

The system of sociopolitical relations in socialist society was based on… :One-party dictatorship

The term “ideal type” was coined by… :M.Weber

The term “social stratification” was coined by … :P.Sorokin

The term “sociological imagination” was coined by … :C.W.Mills

The term “sociology” for the first time has appeared in the book of :“Capital” by K.Marx

The term “sociology” for the first time has appeared in the book of :A.Comte

The term “sociology” was coined by … :A.Comte

The term public opinion refers to… :Expressions of attitudes on matters of public policy that are communicated to decision makers

The term public refers to… :A dispersed group of people, not necessarily in contact with one another, who share an interest in an issue

Three major assumptions of conflict :Competition, structural inequality, social change

Three major assumptions of structural-functionalist :Stability, harmony, evolution

Three major assumptions of symbolic:Symbolic meanings are important; meanings grow out of relationships; meanings are negotiated

Two main -:Emergent-norm and value-added perspectives

Two principal … :Interview and questionnarie

Vertical mobility is … :The movement of an individual from one social position to another of a different rank

What is the term “class consciousness” means? :A subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change

Who is:A.Comte