1) An absorber 2) heat-exchange element 3) insulation, 4)cover 5)absorber box.

1. a thick layer of material with a low U-value коэффициент теплопередачи; коэффициент теплоусвоения) placed behind the unexpected side of the collector plate.

2. A waterproof container made of wood, metal, or plastic

3. Two flat sheets of transparent glass or plastic.

4. A sheet of flat material constructed so that channels are formed through which water can circulate. It is painted black.

2. А сейчас соотнесите следующие функции с этими частями коллектора

1. to prevent rain from affecting the insulation and to provide a support for the transparent cover.

2. to absorb the maximum amount of radiation and to prevent the minimum amount of radiation being re-radiated.

3. to reduce heat losses to the rear to a minimum.

4. to reduce convection and low-temperature radiation heat losses from the absorber surface.

SPACE COOLING

Space cooling can be achieved by use of the heat obtained from the sun directly, to drive an absorption refrigerator. This is essentially the same machine as the domestic gas or paraffin (kerosene) operated refrigerator.

1. Запишите предложения в правильном порядке, чтобы получилось описание работы холодильного шкафа с абсорбционной холодильной машиной. Полученные предложения переведите на русский язык

1. Heating by solar radiation (or any other means) will expel some of the refrigerant (охладитель; хладагент) from the solution.

2. The warmed refrigerant gas is re-absorbed in the carrier fluid.

3. It operates on the following principles:

4. The liquid refrigerant will then enter the evaporator through a throttle valve

5. (дроссельный клапан), it will rapidly evaporate, cool, and take up heat from

6. the environment.

7. This solution will then be pumped back into the solar heater.

8. The refrigerant (e.g. ammonia) is more soluble in the carrier fluid (e.g. water) at low temperatures.

9. This process is also exothermic, thus the absorber will also reject some heat to the environment.

10. When this high pressure heated gas condenses, it will dissipate heat to its environment.

Контрольная работа 4

Вариант 5

I. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитивные конструкции.

1. The direct hot-water system is considered to be liable to “scaling”.

2. The vent pipe (вытяжная труба) is a pipe which allows air to escape from the system.

3. The coefficient of thermal conductivity is known to calculate the rate at which a material conducts heat.

4. Many building codes require brick basement walls to be 4 in. (дюйм) thicker than the walls above.

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на зависимый и независимый причастные обороты.

1. Hot water having a lower density than cold water, it collects at the top of the storage cylinder.

2. The material being in deposited in a boiler is a bad conductor.

3. The highest temperatures in the system occur in the boiler, the largest amount of scale being deposited there.

4. In some cases the plates may even burn out, causing leaks.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на условные предложения.

1. The measurements were always correct if the necessary instruments were used.

2. Unless the temperature rises the speed of the motion of the molecules will not increase.

3. If the information had been received in time, we should have used it in our calculations.

IV. Прочитайте тексты и выполните задания после текста.

HOT-WATER SYSTEM.

Its Disadvantage

One disadvantage of the direct hot-water system is that it is liable to “scaling”. Scaling is caused by deposits made by hard water when it is heated. Hard water occurs in areas which have soluble salts in the ground. Because the highest temperatures in the system occur in the boiler, the largest amount of scale is deposited there. Since the deposited material is a bad conductor, heat is prevented from passing through the walls to the water and the efficiency of the boiler walls may overheat, and in some cases the plates may even burn out, causing leaks. Because of this, boilers often have removable plates so that the inside can be de-scaled.