1. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Ответы переведите на русский язык:

1. What is the purpose of building dams, drilling wells and tapping rivers?

2. What are the stages of purifying process in nature?

3. How is the problem of water supply solved on ocean-going ships?

4. How long does the system of getting fresh water on the liners operate?

5. What is the price of fresh water produced on ships?

6. What makes ship-owners use the process although it is expensive?

7. Why can’t a similar process be used on land?

8. When can we expect the solution of the problem?

9. What other technique of purifying sea water may prove economic in some cases?

Контрольная работа n 3

Вариант 5

I. Определите время и залог глагола-сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык

1. A gradual melting process of ice has already begun in developed areas of Siberia.

2. When we came to that town again, a new power plant was being constructed there.

3. Mud walls are not easily penetrated by the sun’s rays, so the inside of the house will remain cool for a long time.

4. We will try to persuade the public to delay short trips on their cars to reduce air pollution.

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции слов it”, “that”, “one”

1. Wastes of low radioactivity are dispersed safely for the environment. For those of higher radioactivity an international research programme is being carried out.

2. The experiment has shown that there is no absolutely clean air.

3. Each air cock should remain open until water appears, when it can be closed.

4. The pollution problems of the environment when using geothermal power are much simpler than those created by the use of coal, oil or nuclear power.

III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции глаголов “to be”, “to have”

1. The level of pollution in the Thames has been reduced to a quarter for the last 40 years.

2. One method of heating a building is to circulate how water through radiators which are located in each room.

3. The builders are to place a fan in the attic to blow the warm air out and cause the cooler breeze flow through the open window.

4. Very great care has to be taken that pollution is avoided and that there is sufficient purification.

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции Ving форм и инфинитива

1. Government encourages the recycling of waste materials in order to conserve natural resources.

2. In dealing with spillages of oil and chemicals at sea the main treatment method is to spray dispersant from aircraft.

3. The environment has been drastically changed under the influence of our developing civilization.

4. There is an extensive study of air pollution processes using laser technology.

5. Energy can be conserved by choosing the appropriate air conditioning systems.

V. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнения после текста.

AIR POLUTION AND SMOG ARE THE PROBLEMS

OF MODERN CITIES

1.The word smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, assign polluting gases.

When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire in the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense layers of smog. The smog would blanket the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat generated in large cities tends to circulate air within a dome-like shape. This traps the smog and holds it over the city.

2. Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Smog also has a harmful effect on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Man adds to the atmospheric pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas gasoline and many other things. Some of the fuel may not be burnt completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot, called particulates, mixed with air.

3. Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman and child in the country.

Consider Los Angeles, a large city set in a basin, with about 7,000,000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains, and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles, plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest “smog centres” in the country.