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. :
R= F ln , cos2 2
= 1 1,15 – ,
( ); D – , ;
– ; = ln –
( ); –
; F = D 2/4 –
.
s
, = ln :
i 1 ln F . 4 s2
:
f – ; –
; D d –
, F
, D 2F / .
:
f = D [L – h – (0,2 0,3)D ] ,
L – ; h = 0,32(D – D ) –
, D – ; –
( ).
:
= ( max – min)D /(4 l),
max min –
l
3 . 7.23).
:
f = D h ,
:
h = 0,5D (0,48 + 0,25/ ).
(0,15 0,2) f .
f :
f = f F ,
f – , f 0,5,
– f 0,4 0,45; F – .
:
f = f F ,
F – ,
; – (
); f
– f = 0,8 1,0.
,
( )
.
:
t = V /V .
V , :
V = 0,2(D 3 – D 3);
V = F w,
w – , .
:
3 ln sin3 w
1 cos D D ,
:
v ln (1 ) sin( / 2) . 2 (F F )
.
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( . 4.25); d – ;
= arcsin[(d /D )sin ].
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f = D [L – (0,6+0,27/ )] ;
:
f = [L – (0,6+0,27/ )(D – d )](D + d kf ),
kf – ,
.
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