Exercise 24, Translate into English, using modal verbs whenever possible. (Based on an episode from David Copperfield by Ch. Dickens.)

1. «Где же может быть миссис Копперфильд?» — думала Пеготти, которая не ложилась спать, ожидая свою хозяйку. 2. Она, должно быть, опять ушла к тем соседям, где она всегда встречает этого господина со зловещими черными глазами. 3. Затем она подумала, что, может быть, миссис Копперфильд дома, что она, может быть, не видела, как та пришла. 4. «Неужели она влюблена в этого господина, неужели она забыла своего мужа?» — думала она. 5. Она не могла понять, как ее госпожа может допустить, чтобы этот джентльмен с черными бакенбардами ухаживал за ней. 6. Когда миссис Копперфильд пришла, Пеготти сказала ей, что ей не следовало так надолго оставлять ребенка, что она должна была вернуться раньше. 7. «Вы могли бы вернуться раньше и провести вечер с ребенком», — сказала она. 8. Но миссис Копперфильд не слышала, что говорит Пеготти, она сидела, погруженная в мысли. 9. Она думала о мистере Мердстоне. «Он, наверное, полюбит Давида, он, кажется, очень добрый человек, не может быть, чтобы он меня обманывал».

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

Exercise 1. Insert the appropriate form o! the Subjunctive Mood. Comment on the form and the use of the Subjunctive Mood. Translate into Russian (conditional sentences).

1. I honestly think it better if we each other for awhile, (to be, to see— negative)

(Hansford Johnson)2. If you already married, Mr. Clay, I ior you. (to be— negative, to wait)

(Stone)3. Now if only Betty able to come this evening she it. But, of course, she had to

choose this evening to go and see her mother, (to be, to do) (A. Wilson)4. If he ordinary, I

him (to be, to love — negative) (Galsworthy)5. And if anything to him, there something in

the Press, (to happen, to be) (Priestley)6, I it a few months ago, Mr. Chapin. (to believe)

(Dreiser)7. If I you, I think I very much as you do. (to be, to feel) (Snow)8. You first

brought your friend into my sister's company, and but for you we never him. (to see)

(Dickens)9. I certainly won't leave you so long as you are in mourning. It most unfriendly. If I

in mourning you with me, I suppose, (to be, to be, to stay) (Wildej10. He was a power in the

College, and in any society, (to be) (Snow)11. If you news before morning, ring me up at

Part I. ACCIDENCE THE NOUN 3

THE USE OF ARTICLES 6

THE PASSIVE VOICE 33

(Е) 39

MODAL VERBS 39

THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD 49

THE CONJUNCTION 50

THE PARTICLE 51

GRAMMATICAL HOMONYMS 51

1. 51

Part II. SYNTAX THE SIMPLE SENTENCE 55

WORD ORDER 67

THE COMPOUND AND THE COMPLEX SENTENCE 71

SEQUENCE OF TENSES 79

INDIRECT SPEECH 81

(Ch. Bronte)13. When the first week December he decided to go Paris, he was far

admitting that Irene's presence was influencing him. (Galsworthy)14. Stroeve was, of course,

delighted her. He could not do enough to show his gratitude the whole hearted devotion

which she had accepted the burden he laid her. (Maugham)15. Just before Christmas, Reggie

Burnside passed London his way Murren. He dropped Elizabeth's studio ir_ tea.

(Aldington)16. One autumn morning I was my mother the front garden, when Mr.

Murdstone, I knew him that name now, came by horseback. (Dickens)17. He was proud

this enlistment; proud his boy forgoing off to fight the country. (Galsworthy)18. An

accidental circumstance cemented the intimacy Steerforth and me, a manner that inspired me

great pride and satisfaction though it sometimes led inconvenience. (Dickens)

Exercise 3. Insert by or with.

1. The Germans, he had been assured everybody, were on the run, and it was unlikely that

they would stop running so soon... (Heym)2. He was busy making entries a lead pencil in a book

which lay open before him. (Dreiser)3. Both men were loaded down field equipment and the

bottles contributed the grateful people of Paris. (Heym) 4. They dined in the small restaurant,

which had been "decorated" rather feeble pictures young artists. (Aldington)5. But the nearer

he came to the center of the town, the more difficult it was to walk; the road was strewn stones

and bricks and rubble. (Heym)6. I remember being met at the Zoo station one of their scholars.

(Snow)7. He sat down vigorously and lighted a cigarette trembling hands. (Murdoch)8. The

streets, crowded people, still reminded Yates of the first days in Paris, the honeymoon of

liberation. (Heym) 9. She had been appointed one of Rainborough's predecessors. (Murdoch)10.

The hills around Rollingen, usually illuminated the fires in the blast furnaces, were crowded

the lightning of far-off guns. (Heym)

THE CONJUNCTION

Exercise 1. State the morphological composition oi the following conjunctions:

For, as well as, unless, now that, and, neither... nor, while, although, not only... but also, provided, as though, supposing, no sooner... than, or, so that, if, both... and, as long as, so, either... or, as... as, when, until, before, after, as if, as soon as, lest, for fear that, notwithstanding, nor.

Exercise 2. Point out all the coordinating conjunctions and define the group each belongs to.

1. The stranger had not gone far, so he made after him to ask the name. (Dickens)2. Be quick, or it may be too late. (Dickens)3....real accuracy and purity she neither possessed, nor in any number of years would acquire. (Ch. Bronte)4....Mrs. Septimus Small let fall no word, neither did she question June about him. (Galsworthy)5. The river was not high, so there was not more than a two or three mile current. (Twain)6. It seemed to him that he could contrive to secure for her the full benefit of both his life insurance and his fire insurance... (Wellsj 7. Karl is solid and extremely certain of himself, while Joseph on the other hand, though no less certain of himself, is a good deal less solid. (Saroyan)8. He could see no one, and he began to believe that either his instinct had deceived him, or else that the shadowing was over. (Greene)9. But for a long time we did not see any lights, nor did we see the shore, but rowed steadily in the dark riding with the waves.(Hemingway)

Exercise 3. Point out all the subordinating conjunctions and say what kind of subordinate

clauses they introduce.

1. She stood quite silent while Butler appealed to her. (Dreiser) 2. Since Miss Wilfer rejected me, I have never again urged my suit. (Dickens)3. Whenever I looked at Susan she gave me a frank full-hearted smile. (Braine)4. So the tiny woman closed the shutter of the cottage window and fastened the door, and trembling from head to root for fear that any one should suspect her, opened a very secret place, and showed the Princess a shadow. (Dickens)5. And yet tired though he was after his three long days, Soames dreaded the moment when the car should stop.(Galsworthy)6. I extinguished my taper, locked my bureau, and left her, since she would not leave me. (Ch. Bronte)7. Once they reached the open country the car leapt forward like a mad thing.(Murdoch)8. He was a tall fellow with a very wide mouth and prematurely bald in front, so that he appeared to have a colossal forehead. (Priestley) 9. The reference was as plain as it was unexpected. (Clark)10. Early as he was, another man was there before him. (Dreiser)11. We're as we're made. (Maugham)12. They were all smiling wid'ely at me as I came toward them.(/. Shaw)13. He was a fattish, worried, untidy man, always looking as if he had slept in the expensive clothes he wore. (Priestley)14. Mr. Pancks has come down into the Yard to-night, on purpose that you should hear him. (Dickens)15. The most I can say now is that it is very cold in San Francisco, and I am freezing. (Saroyan)16. Give me your promise that this shall be done. (Priestley)17. In that small room he seemed even bigger than I remembered him. (Maugham)18. Whatever I intend to do I'll do without advice from the outside. (Dreiser)19. Breakfast was not yet over before the men came to put up the marquee. (Mansfield)20. He prized the pencil, because it had been a gift from his mother. (Warren)21. As soon as he had gone, I looked at the clock. (Snow)22. After a sleepless night, he [Cowperwood] wrote his resignation to the chairman of the board of directors, in order that he should be prepared to hand it to him at once. (Dreiser)

THE PARTICLE

Exercise 1. Point out the particles and define the group each belongs to.

1. It is just because I want to save my soul that I am marrying for money. (Shaw) 2. Rosa feared this power, but she enjoyed it too. (Murdoch)3. Oh, doctor, do you think there is any chance? Can she possibly survive this last terrible complication? (Shaw)4, We merely want to see the girl and take her away. (Dreiser)5. I shall also try to be there at ten. (Wells)6. Don't come any nearer. You're at just the right distance. (Bennett)7. He had taken up with it solely because he was starving. (London)8. Soames was but following in the footsteps of his father. (Galsworthy)9. I am interested only in man. Life I love and before death I am humble. (Saroyan)10. Just then the telephone rang. (Snow)11. Tom, you'll manage it and if you do I'll give you something ever so nice.(Twain)12. He needed the peculiar sympathy that a woman alone can give. (Locke)13. She ought to have written at once and told htm exactly what had happened. (Wellsj14. I think, he's been a simply perfect father, so long as I can remember. (Galsworthy)15. They did not even look at him.(Faulkner)16. Not a career for a man of his ability. (Galsworthy)17. We followed him along the corridor... He never looked back, he never hesitated. (Collins)

GRAMMATICAL HOMONYMS

Exercise 1. State whether the boldfaced word is an adverb, a modal word, or a particle.

1.

Miss Whitmore was

truly

taken by surprise. (Dreiser)2....the time had come in which she must speak to him

truly

. (Trollope)3. The hall looked

exactly

as it did when he used to dine there with Jack Herring. (Galsworthy)4. My mother knew so

exactly

how to dress. 5. You are coming

right

out into life — facing it all. (Wells)6. She would never persuade them that she had done

right

. (Wellsj7. "You will be sure to come?" said Mr. Snodgrass. "Oh,

certainly

." (Dickens)8. Soames smiled.

Certainly

Uncle James had a way with him. (Galsworthy)9. Lammlein rose. "We have fulfilled our obligations," he said pompously, and yet not quite

certainly

. (Heym)10. Tom, you'll manage it and if you do I'll give you something

ever

so nice. (Twain)11.1 don't think I shall ever be afraid of you again, Bessie.(Си. Bronte)12. Fleur having declared that it was"

simply

too wonderful to stay indoors," they all went out. (Galsworthy)13.-She looked at him

simply

, directly... (Dreiser)14. They

just

came in. They are sitting in number 7 booth. (This is America)15. I'll

just

tap and ask them to come out. (Dreiser)16. I don't know

just

what to do. (Dreiser)17. What are they that they should judge us?

Yet

they do unhesitatingly. (Shaw)18. There was

yet

another source of difference between us. (Dickens)19. But the gentleman had not finished his requests

yet

. (Priestley)20. "I had another reason for suspecting the deceased woman," he said, "which appears to me to have been stronger

still."

(Collins)21. He had no purpose in going about the room, but he was not

still

a moment. (Dickens)22....Charlie felt sure that she was

still

somewhere in London. (Priestley)23. Old Mr. Ablewhite

never

made his appearance that night. (Collins)24. Mrs. Reed was blind and deaf on the subject.

She

never

saw him strike or heard him abuse me. (Ch. Bronte)25. To be loved beautifully was

surely

the crown and climax of her being. (Wells)26. Slowly,

surely

, with the secret inner process that works the destruction of an old tree, the poison of the wounds to his happiness, his will, his pride, had corroded the comely edifice of his philosophy.(Galsworthy)27. In turn, each of these brothers was very different from the other, yet they,

too

, were alike. (Galsworthy) 28. They said of him that he was

too

serious.(This is America)

Exercise 2. State whether the boldfaced word is an adverb or a preposition.

1. Somebody

outside

pulled at the door. (Greene) 2.

Outside

it was getting dark. (Hemingway)3. It was a nice little place and he liked the high mountain hauling up

beyond

. (Hemingway)4.

Outside

, and

beyond

the road, lay the Park. (Murdoch)5. There, just

inside

the door, stood a wide, shallow tray full of pots of pink lilies. (Mansfield)6. It was dark

inside

. (Hemingway)7. He wandered

down

the street again. (Lindsay)8. He dressed for dinner early and was first

down

. (Galsworthy)9.1 drove back

up

the narrow road. (Hemingway)10. They mounted

up

and

up

, through the musty smell of an old close house, little used, to a large garret bedroom.(Dickens)II. It was just that he had never really looked into a human face

before

. (Warren)12. The afternoon

before

the attack was spent in putting the boats ready.

Exercise 3. State whether the boldfaced word is an adverb, a conjunction, a preposition, or a

postposition.

1. They were reluctant to interfere

in

their niece's private affairs.(Lindsay)2. A cool March air came

in

Part II. SYNTAX THE SIMPLE SENTENCE