- •1. Check to see if you know the meanings of these key words for discussion:
- •2. Read and translate the text. My Future Profession
- •3. Give the corresponding equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions
- •5. Answer the questions.
- •6. Read and translate the text.
- •7. Problem-solving:
- •9. Read and translate the text.
- •10. Match the words on the left with the correct definitions on the right:
- •11.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •12. Find the definition for each term.
- •13. Complete the following text about basic legal concepts using the following words and phrases. Use each term once.
- •Intellectual property plaintiff police private individual
- •1. Read and translate the text.
- •2. Choose the correct definition for each legal profession mentioned in the text.
- •3. Read and translate the text.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Read and translate the text.
- •6. Answer the questions.
- •Solicitors
- •Barristers
- •The English Court System
- •7. Look at the chart above and then complete the description that refers to each court.
- •8. Below are 10 people (or groups of people) who work in the different courts. Can you find them in the word square below?
- •9. Complete the following text choosing from the words in the square.
- •10. Below is a list of tasks carried out by solicitors and barristers. Classify them into the appropriate column.
- •12. Below are some typical legal phrases. What preposition do you use with the following phrases?
- •13. Use the clues on the left to complete the words on the right.
- •14. Discuss the following questions with your groupmate.
- •15.Read through the sentences, trying to imagine which words would fit in the blanks. Then listen to a dictation of the full sentences, and write the missing words in the blanks.
- •18. Look at the following illustration of a typical courtroom scene. Work with a partner to answer the following questions.
- •19. Listen to the lecture on the usa legal system.
- •20. Listen to the following questions, and write short answers. You will hear cach question one time only.
- •21. Prepare a short oral report about the legsaI system of your country, comparing and contrasting it to the legal sys tem of the United States.
- •22. Discuss these questions in small groups. Appoint one person to report your group's responses for each question to the class.
- •Constitution The Fundamental Law of Ukraine
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Fill in prepositions:
- •3. Find the English equivalents for the following:
- •Individual work
- •Module 2.2
- •Legal professions
- •The devil’s advocate
- •75-Year-old caught shoplifting in supermarket
- •Crime and punishment kramer vs. Kramer
- •In divorce cases, as in society, rules are changing
- •Entertainment the phantom of the opera
- •Globe Theatre From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia
- •The original Globe
- •Layout of the Globe
- •The modern Globe
12. Below are some typical legal phrases. What preposition do you use with the following phrases?
to accuse someone of something
to be liable something
to sentence someone a punishment
to claim damages something
to be entitled compensation
to bring a case someone
to be guilty an offence
to fine someone something
Now complete the following texts with the above phrases. Use each phrase once in the past tense. Write one word in each gap.
1 In Court 1, the Police Prosecutor accused Mary Philips
disorderly behaviour. A number of witnesses
were called to give evidence. Finally, the magistrate decided
that Philips ___ the charge
but did not her prison. Instead, he
her her behaviour.
2 In Court 2, John Peters
his employer. He
a serious injury at work. The judge decided that
his employer the injury
and ruled that Peters
substantial damages.
Most words ending in -ly are adverbs. However there are some adjectives ending in -ly, like disorderly.
13. Use the clues on the left to complete the words on the right.
a country's body of judges J DIC ARY
senior official in a court of law _ U_ _ E
system of laws which evolved from the tribal
and local laws in England C_ M_ _ _ L _ _
4 system of laws which evolved in the
8th century BC R_M_A_
the branch of law dealing with crime C _I_ _ _A_ L_ _
person who institutes a criminal case P_ _S_C_T_ _
person who makes a claim in a civil case _ L _ _N _I _ F
the defendant normally pays this to the plaintiff _ _ M _ G _ S
panel of 12 people who decide whether the
accused committed a crime _ _ _Y
lawyer who presents a case to a higher court R_ I_ T_R
lawyer who advises clients _ O _ I _T _ R
untrained lawyer who presides over the lowest
criminal court _A _S_R_T_
person against whom a civil case is brought D_ _ E_ D_ _ T
an act passed by a law-making body _G _ S _ A _ I _
the control resulting from following a
community's system of rules A_ _ H_ R_ _ _
'apprenticeship' served by trainee barristers P_ _ I_L_ _G_
becoming an assistant to a practising barrister T _ _ A _Y
court which hears appeals from the
Court of Appeal H_ _ _ E _F L _ _ _ S
14. Discuss the following questions with your groupmate.
1. Have you seen scenes of American courtrooms in movies or on TV?
2. Do you think they realistically depict what happens in courtrooms?
3. How are courtrooms different in your country?
15.Read through the sentences, trying to imagine which words would fit in the blanks. Then listen to a dictation of the full sentences, and write the missing words in the blanks.
1. The average person in the legal profession would probably say it's better to let a dozen ................... people go free than to punish one innocent person .................................. .
2. The guiding principle for the U.S. Jegal system is that an accused person is ................... .
3. Under civil law the judge consults a complex ................................... tо decide whether the defendant is guilty and, if so, what sentence to give.
4. Under ...................................the judge considers the ...................................... set by other court decisions.
5.The jury hears ................................... in either civil or criminal trials and reaches a .................................... .
6. A civil trial is one that deals with disputes between ................................... ,often involving contracts or property rights.
7. In a civil trial, the jury decides which side is right and how much money should be paid in ................................. and ............................................... ............................................... . 8. For a jury to convict a person in a criminal case, they must believe the person guilty .......................................... ....................................................... ........................................ .
9. A person's liberty and even life can be taken away if he or she is ............................, that is, found guilty, of a crime.
10. Some of a judge's responsibilities are excluding .............................................. remarks and questions by lawyers and witnesses and deciding what kind of .................................... is ................................................................... .
11. If the required number of jurors cannot agree on a decision, it is called a ............................... jury, and the law requires a new trial.
12. What happens in plea bargaining is that the accused .........................................................
........................................ ....................................... to a....................................................... .
Check the spelling of the dictated words with your teacher. Discuss the meanings of these words and any other unfamiliar words in the sentences.
17. Before listening to a rather difficult lecture on the U.S. legal system, read a related passsage dealing with precedents and surrogate motherhood, and then answer the comprehension questions that follow. Although somewhat difficult, the reading and the questions will prepare you for the lecture you will hear later.
The Baby M Case
The Baby M case became a controversial legal case in the United States in 1988. At issue were Baby M's custody and the validity of a contract. The contract provided that a woman, the surrogate mother, would have a baby for an infertile couple by artificial insemination of the husband's sperm and would receive payment for this service. Certainly, Baby M was not the first baby born to a surrogate mother, but in this case the surrogate mother, Mary Beth Whitehead-Could, changed her mind after the baby was born and did not want to give the baby up, as she had agreed to do in the contract. The Sterns, the couple who had contracted for the baby, insisted that Ms. Whitehead-Gould fulfill the terms of the contract, and they took her to the court. The New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that this type of contract was against public policy (the good of the general public) and, therefore, could not be enforced. (However, the court did award custody of the baby to the biological father. The mother, Ms. Whitehead-Gould, was awarded limited visitation rights.) This particular ruling was very important because there had been no previous court decision of this type at the level of a state supreme court. Therefore, this decision establishes a precedent for other states when they have to deal with the issue of surrogacy.
Questions:
a. Are Baby M's natural mother and father married to each other?
b.Who wanted to break the contract, Mary Beth Whitehead-Gould or the Sterns?
c. In this reading, precedent most nearly means
1) a reason not to do something
2) a decision used as a standard
3) proof of innocence
4) proof of guilt
d. Was there a precedent for judging surrogacy contracts before the Baby M case?
e. In what sense will the Baby M case serve as a precedent in the future?