Verbs: плаваті - плавати/swim, смаяті - сміятися/laugh, руда-

ті-ридати/to sob, кагаті- казати/say, tell, бгагаті- бігати/run, лі-

п'яті

Adverbs and some functionals as: нунам - нині/now, тада - тоді/

then, гат - геть/away, out, sadivas - сьогодні/today, kada - коли/

There can be no end to the great admiration at our native tongue

being so ancient, taking into account that the works, from which these

words have been taken, were written more than 2000 years B.C. No

doubt this undeniable lingual testimony of lexical and semantic likeness can find its exhaustive explanation only on the basis of historical

typology and its present-day scientific methods of analysis. Not excluded completely could also be other approaches, some of which are

already familiar to our students. The likeness of many Ukrainian and

Sanskrit lexical units cannot be treated within the framework of the

common Indo-European stock of words comprising such words as cow

корова, milk молоко, wolf вовк, sun сонце and some words denoting

kinship (mother, sister, brother, etc.). These and several other words

were noticed, as has been mentioned above, by the first Europeans

who visited India as far back as the 16th century. Those observations,

however, did not initiate then a regular typological study of languages

6. Внесок в порівняльні типологічні дослідження братів Шлегелів, В. Гумбольдта, Штейнталя та інших лінгвістів 19 сторіччя.

One of the

first linguists to have made a scientific approach to the regular Contrastive study of structurally different languages was Frederick

Schlegel (1772 - 1829). On the ground of a thorough study of ancient

Indian and modern Chinese, Polynesian, Turkic and the major WestEuropean languages F. Schlegel singled out among them two clearly

distinguishable groups:

1. Affixal languages in which the form-building of words is realised through affixes added to the amorphous (invariable) root morphemes Though somewhat restricted, this classification already stood to the

requirements of a regular typological classification of languages. The

main principle upon which it was based was therefore the morphological one. F. Schlegel's classification was followed by some others

which were more all-embracing, like that of August Schlegel (1767 —

1845), who in some places perfected his brother's first attempt of typological classification of languages in the history of European linguistics. This German linguist singled out, on the basis of the same

morphological criterion, three typologically common groups of languages: a) those without any grammatical structure, as they were

called; b) the affixal languages; and c) the flexional languages. The

first two were considered to have been preceded in their historical development by the synthetic languages. The Chinese language and the

languages of Indo-China, however, in which the grammatical relations

between words are realised depending on their placement in syntactic

units, had been singled out as a separate group, though they were not

yet allotted by the scientist to any typologically concrete class.

A decisive step forward in the typological classification of languages on the basis of the same morphological criterion was made by

Wilhelm Humboldt (1761 — 1835), who is considered to be the father

of typology as a new branch of linguistics. The scientist had studied a

great number of languages including those of Polynesia and American