Pharmaceutical Education in Great Britain

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the words.

	acquire [ə'kwaɪə] v. – приобретать, овладевать (каким- либо навыком);
	adopt [ə'dɔpt] n. – принимать;
	applicant ['æplɪk(ə)nt] n. – претендент, кандидат;
	be engaged in smth. [ɪn'geɪʤd] – заниматься чем-либо;
	dispense [dɪ'spens] v. – приготовлять и распределять (лекарства);
	experience [ɪk'spɪərɪəns] n. – стаж, опыт работы.
	meet requirements – удовлетворять (соответствовать) требованиям;
	require [rɪ'kwaɪə] v. – нуждаться (в чем-либо), требовать (что- либо);
	technique [tek'ni:k] n. – метод, способ;
	the sick [sɪk] n. – больной;
	ward [wɔ:d] n. – палата (больничная).

Exercise 2. Match English word combinations with Russian equivalents.

apprenticeship system	включать обучение в палатах у постели больного;
formal educational courses	заниматься бизнесом;
to embrace general education subjects	система обучения посредством ученичества;
advanced courses	нуждаться в лицензии;
to prepare for career	официальный срок обучения;
to involve training in hospital wards	курс повышенного типа для продолжающих обучение;
to administer medication	назначенный на должность правительством;
possible interaction of drugs	заключаться в знании многих областей науки;
expected side effects	назначать лекарственное средство;
to encompass a wide field of knowledge	подготавливать к карьере;
to be engaged in business	фармацевт, имеющий лицензию на практическую деятельность;
licensed pharmacist	включать (содержать) общеобразовательные предметы;
a board of pharmacy	возможное взаимодействие лекарств;
appointed by the government	фармацевтический Совет;
to require a license	предполагаемые побочные действия лекарств.

Read the text and do the tasks which follow it.

Text 2

Pharmaceutical Education in Great Britain

The history of pharmaceutical education has closely followed that of medical education. As the training of the physician underwent changes from the apprenticeship system to formal educational courses, so did the training of the pharmacist. The first pharmaceutical colleges in Great Britain were founded at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

The course of instruction leading to a degree in pharmacy was extended from four to five years in 1960. The first and frequently the second year of training, embracing general education subjects, are often provided by a school of arts and sciences. Many institutions, in addition, offer graduate courses in pharmacy and cognate sciences* leading to the degrees of Master of Science* and Doctor of Philosophy in pharmacy, pharmacology, or related disciplines. These advanced courses are intended especially for those, who are preparing for careers in research, manufacturing, or teaching in the field of pharmacy.

Several schools of pharmacy have now adopted a six-year professional course leading to the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy. This professional training includes many subjects common to the medical curriculum and involves training in hospital wards. In this service a professionally trained pharmacist is expected to give advice to the physician in the techniques of administering medication and possible interaction of drugs in the patient, along with expected side effects.

Since the treatment of the sick with drugs encompasses a wide field of knowledge in the biological and physical sciences, it is obvious that understanding of these sciences is necessary for adequate pharmaceutical training. The basic five-year curriculum in British colleges of pharmacy embraces physics, chemistry, biology, bacteriology, physiology, pharmacology, and many other specialized courses such as dispensing pharmacy. As the pharmacist is engaged in business as well, special training is provided in merchandising, accounting, computer techniques, and pharmaceutical jurisprudence. All other countries requiring licenses to practice offer the same basic curriculum with minor variations.

Before one is permitted to practice pharmacy in Great Britain as well as in other countries, in which a license is required, an applicant must be qualified by graduation from a recognized college of pharmacy, meet specific requirements for experience, and pass an examination conducted by a board of pharmacy appointed by the government. The passing of this board examination carries with it the legal right to practice pharmacy. The holder is then designated a registered or licensed pharmacist.

* cognate sciences − сходные науки;

* Master of Science − Магистр наук.

Exercise 3. Match each word from column A with its opposite from column B.

A	B
closely;	unofficial;
obvious;	to deprive;
formal;	to reduce;
to permit;	unclear;
to provide;	remotely;
to extend;	general;
to qualify;	entrance;
specific;	to forbid;
graduation.	to disqualify.

Exercise 4. Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

apprenticeship, advanced, cognate, hospital, related, adequate, side, pharmaceutical, legal, minor.

1. __________ system

2. __________ science

3. __________ disciplines

4. __________ courses

5. __________ wards

6. __________ training

7. __________ jurisprudence

8. __________ effects

9. __________ variations

10. __________ right

Exercise 5. Fill in prepositions where necessary.

1. The training ... the pharmacist underwent changes from the apprenticeship system to formal educational courses.

2. The first pharmaceutical colleges in Great Britain were founded ... the beginning of the nineteenth century.

3. The first and frequently the second year of training are often provided ... a school of arts and sciences.

4. The course of instruction leading ... a degree in pharmacy was extended from four to five years in 1960.

5. The professional training involves practice ... hospital wards.

6. Before an applicant is permitted to practice pharmacy in Great Britain he must be qualified ... graduation ... a recognized college of pharmacy.

7. An applicant must meet specific requirements ... experience to be allowed to practice pharmacy.

Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations from the list.

common, teaching, followed, encompasses, engaged, carries, Doctor of Philosophy, provided.

2. The history of pharmaceutical education has closely … that of medical education.

3. Many institutions, in addition, offer graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Science and … .

4. These advanced courses are intended especially for those, who are preparing for careers in research, manufacturing, or … in the field of pharmacy.

5. This professional training includes many … subjects to the medical curriculum.

6. The treatment of the sick with drugs … a wide field of knowledge in biological and physical sciences.

7. The pharmacist is … in business so special training is … in merchandising, accounting, computer techniques, and pharmaceutical jurisprudence.

8. The passing of the board examination … with it the legal right to practice pharmacy.

Exercise 7. Replace the underlined words with their synonyms.

recommendation, commonly, including, supplied, prolonged, similar, required, probable, methods, patients, knowledge, comprises, evident, satisfactory, accepted

1. The course of instruction leading to a degree in pharmacy was extended from four to five years in 1960.

2. The first and frequently the second year of training, embracing general education subjects, are often provided by a school of arts and sciences.

3. Many institutions, in addition, offer graduate courses in pharmacy and cognate sciences leading to the degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in pharmacy, pharmacology, or related disciplines.

4. Several schools of pharmacy have now adopted a six-year professional course leading to the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy.

5. In this service the professionally trained pharmacist is expected to give advice to the physician in the techniques of administering medication and possible interaction of drugs in the patient, along with expected side effects.

6. Since the treatment of the sick with drugs encompasses a wide field of knowledge in the biological and physical sciences, it is obvious that understanding of these sciences is necessary for adequate pharmaceutical training.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions.

1. What changes did the training of the pharmacist undergo?

2. When were the first pharmaceutical colleges founded in Great Britain?

3. When was the course of instruction extended?

4. Which years of training are provided by a school of arts and sciences?

5. What additional graduate courses do many institutions offer?

6. What professional training includes medical subjects and training in hospital wards?

7. What is the professionally trained pharmacist expected to do?

8. What sciences does the basic five-year curriculum embrace?

9. What curriculum do other countries offer?

10. What is required to be permitted to practice pharmacy in Great Britain?

Exercise 9. Correct the statements below.

1. The history of pharmaceutical education is not connected with the history of medical education.

2. A four-year instruction course was adopted in 1960.

3. All pharmaceutical institutions offer courses leading to the degrees of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy.

4. The compulsory professional course in pharmacy is 6 years.

5. Different countries offer different curricula in pharmaceutical education.

6. Before one is permitted to practice pharmacy in Great Britain he must pass an examination conducted by a board of pharmacy appointed by his college.

Read the text and be ready for a comprehension check-up.

Text 3