- •Державна податкова адміністрація україни національна академія державної податкової служби україни
- •Для студентів-юристів з курсу
- •I. Political system of Great Britain 66
- •II. Political system of the usa 75
- •III. Courts in Great Britain and the usa 89
- •VI. Branches of Law 97
- •Передмова
- •Part I. Texts and Exercises unit 1
- •I am a student of law department
- •Word list
- •About my friend
- •Word list
- •National state tax service academy of Ukraine
- •Word list
- •The political system of Ukraine
- •The Constitution of Ukraine
- •Word list
- •1) Body
- •2) Head
- •3) Policy
- •4) Subject
- •The Higher Bodies of State Authority of Ukraine
- •The political system of Great Britain
- •Word list
- •Information for you
- •Definitions of the courts
- •Insert prepositions:
- •The system of government
- •Word list
- •The crown
- •The political system of the usa
- •1) Office
- •What is law?
- •Word list
- •1. What is the main function of law?
- •2. What threatens a person who continually breaks the rules?
- •3. What should we do in the absence of law?
- •4. What law can be characterized as a perfect one?
- •Classification of law
- •Comments
- •Word List
- •Unit 8 Courts in Great Britain
- •Judiciary in Great Britain
- •Word list
- •The court system of England and Wales
- •The court system of the usa
- •Word list
- •The organization of the federal courts today
- •The federal and state court systems
- •Unit 10 Legal professions
- •Legal professions in GreatBritain and the usa
- •Word list
- •Sentences judge crimes behaviour murder prisoners magistrate imprisonment jury Crown
- •Solicitors and barristers
- •Attorneys in the usa
- •Part II. Additional reading
- •I. Political system of Great Britain
- •Lawmaking process in Great Britain
- •Lawmaking Process in usa
- •1. In which House does new legislation usually start?
- •2. What is a bill? How does a bill become a law?
- •3. Who has the right of veto?
- •Making New Laws: Bills and Acts
- •The Executive
- •Members of Parliament in Great Britain
- •The Election Timetable
- •Political Parties
- •II. Political system of the usa
- •The American System of Government
- •The Constitution and the Bill of Rights
- •Congress
- •The President and Federal Departments
- •Federal Departments
- •Checks and Balances
- •Federalism: State and Local Governments
- •Political Parties
- •Elections
- •Political Attitudes
- •III. Courts in Great Britain and the usa
- •Courts in England and Wales (Part I)
- •Vocabulary Notes to text
- •Criminal Courts
- •Magistrates' Courts
- •Commentary and Notes
- •Courts in England and Wales (part II)
- •Courts in Scotland
- •Vocabulary Notes to text
- •Courts in Northern Ireland
- •Commentary and Notes to the text
- •Coroner's Courts
- •Vocabulary Notes to the text
- •Appeals
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Growth of the Profession
- •Us Attorneys
- •The Federal Judiciary
- •VI. Branches of Law
- •Law: what is it?
- •Civil law
- •Civil law (family, contract, intellectual property)
- •VI. Find in the text and decide from the context what the word could mean, then choose the appropriate definition.
- •Criminal law
- •Labour Law
- •Administrative law
- •Employment law
- •Part III. Grammar Exercises Дієслово to be
- •Зворот there is (are, was, were, will be)
- •Дієслово to have
- •Зворот have / has got
- •Insert in each blank the form of pronouns which you consider correct (I-me; we-us; you-you; he-him; she-her; it-it; they-them)
- •Часи групи Continuous
- •The Present Continuous Tense
- •Break time
- •The Future Continuous Tense
- •Часи ГрупиIndefinite
- •The Present Indefinite Tense
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Compare using of Present Indefinite and Past Indefinite.
- •In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past.
- •In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday and you are asking him about it.
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •Часи групи Perfect
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the verb given
- •In this exercise you have to write sentences with already.
- •In this exercise you have to make questions with the words given
- •In this exercise you have to read the situation and then finish a sentence.
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •The Future Perfect Tense
- •Reference List
3. What should we do in the absence of law?
a) We should be happy.
b) We should rely on our friends.
c) We should rely on the law of jungle.
4. What law can be characterized as a perfect one?
a) There can’t be perfect laws.
b) The law which protects private property.
c) The law which preserves life.
Match each word on the left with the correct definition on the right.
1. Law
a) an official rule that all citizens of the country must obey
2. Benefit
b) to take something that doesn’t belong to you
3. Protection
c) the crime of taking money or other things from a bank, shop, especially by using threats or violence
4. Murderer
d) advantage, profit, help
5. Jungle
e) generally accepted behaviour in a social group
6. Imperfect
f) keeping safe from harm, illness or danger
7. Custom
g) land covered thickly with growing underwood, tangled vegetation
8. Robbery
h) someone who has deliberately killed another person
9. Steal
i) not complete
10. Rely on
j) depend on with confidence.
Give the English equivalents for:
приписувати щось;
описувати щось;
звичаї / традиції країни;
без покарання;
захищати власність;
страх бути викраденим, вбитим, пограбованим;
жити в безпеці;
члени громади;
розраховувати на щось;
недосконалі закони;
моральна поведінка;
порушувати правила;
запроваджувати закони.
Agree or disagree with the statements. Give your reasons.
1. We don’t need laws because no country can provide its citizens with perfect laws.
2. Without laws and customs people would live like predators.
Answer the questions:
1. Are laws for ordinary people or for lawyers?
2. Do you always observe the law?
3. Do you think laws change in the course of time?
Explain the meaning of the following words: order, chaos, laws and customs. Is there any difference between them?
Practice the following for pronunciation.
Legal, prosecute, Commonwealth, value, current, Cambridge, procedure, Equity, area, circumstance, culture, statue.
Read and translate the text.
Classification of law
Each country in the world has its own system of law. Law is an important part of culture of any society. Like its language, law reflects values, history and current problems of a society. Law is found in constitutions, statues, cases decided by courts, regulations and ruling of administrative agencies.
There are two main traditions of law in the world. One is based on English Common law and has been adopted by many Commonwealth countries and most of the USA. The other tradition, or Roman law, has developed on most continental Europe, Latin America and many countries in Asia and Africa.
At an English university Law is divided into different subjects or “branches” for study. There is a list of subjects students study in the Law Faculty at Cambridge University: Roman Law (Civil Law), Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Land Law, International Law, Commercial Law, Labour Law, Conflict of Law, E. E. Law, Criminology, Criminal Procedure and Criminal Evidence, Equity.
Administrative Law is the area of Law relating to the functions and powers of government organizations and how they operate in practice to administer government policy.
Constitutional Law is the law relating to the legal structure of government in a State. It defines the principal organs of government and their relationship to each other and to the individual.
Private Law. In general, private law is the part of the law which deals with relations between ordinary individuals and also between ordinary individuals and the State in circum stances where the State has no special rights or powers.
Public Law. In general, public law is the part of legal system which deals with the State and also with relations between the State and ordinary individuals in circumstances where the State has special rights or powers.
Family Law is the area of law relating to the organization of the family and the legal relations of its members.
Labour Law is the area of law relating to the employment of workers. It includes their contracts and conditions of work, trade unions and the legal aspects of industrial relations. It is also called Industrial Law.
Criminal Law is the law relating to crime. It means illegal conduct for which a person may be prosecuted and punished by the State.
Land Law is the area of law which deals with rights and interests related to owning and using land. Land is the most important form of property.
International Law is the system of law which regulates relations between states. It is a special system of legal rules which is not part of any nation system of law.
The Law of Contract is the law relating to contracts.
The Law of Tort is the law relating to torts.