Content

Module 1. Textile industry
Unit 1. Textiles. Textile industry
Unit 2. My future specialty
Module 2. From fibres to yarn
Unit 3. Types of fibres
Unit 4. Yarn production
Module 3. Fabrics production and their properties
Unit 5. Methods of fabric production
Unit 6. Properties of textile
Module 4. modern manufacture
Unit 7. Information technologies in production
Unit 8. Technical textiles
Additional section
How to
Answer keys to “Revision. Self-check” Section
Texts for listening
Glossary
Vocabulary

Module 1

Textile industry

Unit 1

Textiles. Textile industry

Unit 2

My future specialty

UNIT I. Textile industry

I Read and remember the translation of words and word-combinations

1. apparel [əp'ærəl] – одяг

2. cloth [klɔθ] – полотно, тканина

3. coarse [kɔ:s] – грубий, цупкий

4. comb [kəum] – чесати (льон)

5. fabric ['fæbrɪk] – полотно, тканина

6. fibre ['faɪbə] – волокно

7. fibrous ['faɪbəz] – волокнистий

8. fine [faɪn] – тонкий

9. garment [ɡɑ:mənt] – одяг

10. sew [səu] – шити

11. spin (spun, spun) [spɪn] – прясти

12. technique [tek'ni:k] – техніка, способ, метод

13. thread [θred] – нитка

14. transparent ['trænspɛərənt] – прозорий

15. weave [wi:v] – ткати

16. yarn [jɑ:n] – пряжа

II Read the following words and word-combinations which will help you to understand the text

1. adornment [ə'dɔ:nmənt]– прикраса

2. bleach [bli:tʃ] – відбілювати

3. burial ground ['berɪəl ɡraɪnd] – кладовище

4. curtain [kə:tn] – штора

5. cushion ['kuʃən] – диванна подушка

6. dye [daɪ] – фарбувати

7. finishing ['fɪnɪʃɪŋ] – оздоблення, кінцева обробка

8. flax (linen) [flæks] ['lɪnɪn] – льон

9. fulfil ['fulfɪl] – задовольняти

10. interior furnishing [ɪn'tɪərɪə 'fə:nɪʃɪŋ] – деталі інтер’єру

11. pleat [pli:t] – робити складки, плісирувати

12. sackcloth ['sækklɔθ] – мішковина

13. shelter [ʃeltə] – притулок

14. slaughter ['slɔ:tə] – забивати скот

15. starch [stɑ:tʃ] – накрохмалювати

16. wind break [wɪnd breɪk] – захист від вітру

III Read and translate the following text Textiles. Textile industry

Nowadays textiles is the term given to all fabrics, whether they are in one piece or made up into garments or other items.

Textiles have been used by humankind from the earliest times to fulfil many purposes.

At first animal coats and furs were used to provide warmth and shelter. These were used exactly as they were, apart from some shaping to make them serve their purpose more effectively, for example in order to fit the body more closely or to provide a more effective wind break.

Textile technology began when people found out that the coats of some animals (e.g. sheep) could be used without slaughtering the animal. A method of producing fibres was discovered!

Even from earliest times, some plants, as well as animal skins, were being used to produce fabrics. The fibrous quality of plants such as flax (linen) made it possible to produce thread which could then be spun.

Egyptian mummies which have been exhumed (dug up) from their burial ground are found wrapped in bindings of cotton and linen. The Egyptians were combing and spinning flax into threads of various weights and producing fabrics that ranged from coarse sackcloth to fine and transparent linen from about 2000 BC.

When early humans changed their way of life from being nomadic (moving from place to place) and started to live in settlements, land was cultivated and domestic spinning, weaving and sewing began. Although spinning and weaving were thought of as women’s work, in ancient Egypt there were fabrics mass-produced by working men, again examples of early textile technology. The fabric produced was for the pharaohs, priests and nobles to provide protection, various coverings and adornments.

White linen was the most popular cloth because it was light and cool in summer and also offered some warmth when the night air became cold. There is evidence that these people knew how to bleach, starch and pleat their garments.

Modern textile technology covers many different areas and manufacturing processes. However, to achieve success you do not only need to know about the processes and apply them; you must also understand the nature and quality of fibres, yarns and fabrics, and the various techniques used to make them into products.

Modern textile industry is a global industry with large companies employing many people and operating in many different countries around the world.

The processes involved in production and use of textiles vary. In the textile industry there are several distinct processes, each carried out by specialist groups of workers. These are:

• fibre production;

• yarn production (converting fibres into yarns);

• fabric production (converting yarn into fabric);

• dyeing and finishing of fabric;

• making products e.g. garments (sometimes called apparel in industry), interior furnishing (e.g. soft furnishing, curtains, cushions, wall-hangings etc.)

The study of textiles technology therefore includes:

• textile production (i.e. the first four processes above);

• making up garments / other items from textiles.

You should now understand that there are two different sectors of the industry and they form the basis for the study of textile technology. The people involved are either “textiles people” or “clothing (other items) people”. The scale to which people are involved in either sector of the industry varies greatly.