A list of active vocabulary

1. part-time department – вечернее отделение

2. day-time department – дневное отделение

3. а a wide range – широкий выбор

4. to train specialists – готовить специалистов

5. to establish(to found) – основывать

6. higher educational institution – вуз

7. reactor design – конструирование реактора

8. non-destructive testing – неразрушающий контроль

9. agriculture – сельское хозяйств

10. mainly – главным образом

Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks.

1. Our university was ... on the 1st of November in 1985. 2. Our university ... specialists for ... . 3. The first rector of our university was Professor ... . 4. Among the ... of our university were such ... scientists as Liashenko, Leipunsky, and Marchuk. 5. There are ... faculties ... our university. 6. The Physics and Power Engineering Faculty trains engineers in … design, … testing, and dosimetry. 7. The Faculty of Cybernetics trains specialists in … mathematics. 8. Our university is ... in our country and abroad. 9. Upon graduation our specialists can work not … at nuclear power plants, but also in different … of industry, … and medicine.

Ex. 2. Translate from Russian into English.

1. филиал Московского физико-энергетического института

2. выдающиеся ученые

3. отрасль науки

4. АСУ

5. кибернетика

6. прикладная математика

7. факультет социально-экономических наук

8. учиться заочно

9. окончить университет

10. получить статус университета

Ex. 3. Learn the dialogues.

1. – What university do you study at?

– I study at the Obninsk State Technical University for Nuclear Power Engineering.

– When was it established?

– In 1957, but it received the status of technical university only in 2002.

2. – How many day-time faculties are there at your university?

– There are four faculties at our university: the Faculty of Cybernetics, the Physics and Power Engineering Faculty, the Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, and the Faculty of Natural Sciences.

– Are there any other departments there?

– Besides the day-time faculties, our university has a part-time department. Our students can also study at some faculties by correspondence.

3. – And what faculty do you belong to?

– I belong to the Faculty of Physics and Power Engineering.

– What specialists does it train?

– It trains specialists in reactor design, non-destructive testing and dosimetry.

Ex. 4. Answer the questions:

1. What university do you study at?

2. What faculties are there at your university?

4. What specialists does your faculty train?

5. Who were the founders of your university?

6. Who was the first rector of your university?

7. When was it established?

8. When did it receive the status of technical university?

9. When do the graduates from our university usually work?

10. When will you graduate from university?

Ex. 5. Speak about the history of your university.

UNIT III

TEXT SOURCES OF ENERGY

The energy needs of the world are constantly increasing, while the energy sources are decreasing. As a result, it is necessary to look for new sources of energy. At present most of the power is obtained mainly from two sources. They are fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil) and the power of water.

It should be noted, however, that the generation of electricity by these conventional means is highly uneconomical and the resources of fossil fuels are limited. Therefore much effort is given to other energy sources. There are alternative energy sources such as solar energy, the energy of wind, ocean tides and subterranean hot water. The sun is an unlimited energy source, but only a little part of its energy is used directly.

The most promising way of producing electrical energy today is by means of nuclear fission. Nuclear power plants produce more than 16% of the total electricity generated in the world. The first NPP was built in Russia in the town of Obninsk in 1954.

Nowadays scientists try to make thermonuclear reaction controllable. They consider hydrogen to be the most promising energy source for fusion. There are some advantages of fusion over fission:

a) it produces several times more energy than fission;

b) it does not produce radioactive waste;

c) it is not dangerous in case of an accident;

d) it uses materials that are abundant and less harmful to the environment.

A list of active words and expressions

to increase	– увеличивать(-ся)
to consider	– cчитать,полагать
to release	– высвобождать
fossil fuels	– природныевидытоплива
thermonuclear fusion	– термоядерныйсинтез
hydrogen (H)	– водород
radioactive waste	– радиоактивныеотходы
in case of an accident	– в случае аварии
abundant	– обильный
the environment	– окружающая среда

Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks.

1. The energy ... of the world are ... increasing. 2. Now most of the power is obtained ... from two sources. 3. The resources of ... fuels are limited. 4. The sun is an … energy source, but only a little ... of its energy is used … . 5. Nuclear power plants produce … than 16% of the total ... generated in the world. 6. There are such … energy sources as: solar power, the energy of …, ocean … and … hot water. 7. The first NPP was … in Russia in the … of Obninsk in 1954. 8. Nowadays the scientists try to make ... reaction controllable. 9. There are some … of fusion over fission. 10. The thermonuclear reaction does not … radioactive waste.

Ex. 2. Translate from Russian into English.

1. главным образом

2. самый перспективный способ

3. самый многообещающий источник

4. посредством (с помощью, при помощи)

5. пытаться сделать реакцию управляемой

6. менее вредны

7. используется непосредственно

8. следует заметить (обратить внимание)

9. горячие подземные источники

10. приливы океана

Ex. 3. Learn the dialogues.

1. – What are the most widely used energy sources?

– They are such fossil fuels as coal, gas and oil.

– Are there any problems concerning their application for power production?

-Yes, sure. Their resources will be exhausted in the long run, and, besides, they’re not perfect from the ecological point of view.

2. – What do you know about solar power?

– The sun is an unlimited energy source. However, only a little part of solar energy is available for power production now.

– How can we employ solar power to produce useful energy?

– There are numerous ways to harness solar power, but none of them can be used to produce energy on a large scale.

Ex. 4. Answer the questions.

1. Why is it necessary to look for new energy sources?

2. What are the conventional sources of energy?

3. What alternative energy sources do you know?

4. What source of energy is unlimited?

5. What is the most promising way of producing electricity today?

6. Where and when was the first NPP built?

7. How much electricity do nuclear power plants produce?

8. What are the advantages of fusion?

Ex. 5. Speak about energy sources.

UNIT IV