Текст 2

York

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York is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the RiversOuseandFossinNorth Yorkshire, England. Thecityhas a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of whichYork Minsteris the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.

The city was founded by the Romansin 71 AD. In theMiddle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northernecclesiastical provinceof theChurch of England.

In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of Yorkand health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.

York lies within the Vale of York, a flat area of fertile arable land. The York urban area had a population of137,505.York Minster, the largestGothiccathedral innorthern Europe, stands at the city's centre.

York Castle is one of the famous places of interest. York Castle, a complex of buildings ranging from the medieval Clifford's Tower to the 20th century entrance to theYork Castle Museum(formerly a prison) has had a chequered history.

York's centre is enclosed by the city's medieval walls, which are a popular walk. These defences are the most complete in England. They have the only walls set on high ramparts and they retain all their principal gateways.

York is twinned with: Dijon, France (1953) andMünster, Germany (1957). (1421знак)

backdrop- задний план

cathedral -кафедральный собор

chequered- изменчивый, переменчивый; разнообразный

church- церковь

confectionery- кондитерское производство

confluence- слияние (рек) ; соединение (дорог)

defence- защита

dominate- доминировать, господствовать

ecclesiastical- духовный, церковный

enclose- окружать, огораживать

entrance- доступ

existence -существование, наличие

fertile arable- плодородная пахотная

formerly- прежде, раньше

gateway- ворота

health services- здравоохранение

heritage- наследство; наследие

hub- центр

medieval -средневековый

offer -предлагать

prominent- выдающийся, знаменитый

provide- снабжать; доставлять

rampart- бастион; защита

range- простираться, тянуться (вдоль чего-л.)

retain -сохранять; удерживать

trading centre -торговый центр

twin -объединять, соединять

variety- многообразие, разнообразие

walled -обнесённый стеной

wealth- богатство, состояние

whilst- пока

within- в пределах, в рамках

Текст 3

Cambridge

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The cityofCambridge is a university townand theadministrative centreof the county of England. The firsttown charterswere granted in the12th century.

Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridgefounded in 1209, which is consistently ranked one of the top five universities in the world. Today, Cambridge is at the heart of thehigh-technologycentre known asSilicon Fen. Its economic strengths lie in industries such assoftwareandbioscience. Over 40% of the workforce have ahigher educationqualification, more than twice the national average.

Cambridge is situated about 50 miles (80 km) north-by-east of London. Today Cambridge has a diverse economy with strength in sectors such as research & development, software consultancy, high value engineering, creative industries, pharmaceuticals and tourism.

Cambridge's two universities, the collegiate University of Cambridgeand the local campus ofAnglia Ruskin University, serve around 30,000 students. Cambridge played a unique role in the invention of modern football: the game's first set of rules were drawn up by members of the University in 1848. The River Cam running through the city centre is used for boating. Cambridge is also known for itsuniversitysporting events against Oxford, especially the rugby unionVarsity Matchand theBoat Race.

Several fairs and festivals take place in Cambridge, mostly during the British summer. Midsummer Fairdates back to 1211. For one week in May the annualCambridge Beer Festivalis held. Started in 1974, it is Britain's second largest beer festival outside London. 90,000pintsof beer and atoneof cheese were served in 2009.

Cambridge Folk Festival, one of the largest festivals offolk musicin the UK, is held annually in the grounds ofCherry Hinton Hall. TheCambridge Shakespeare Festivalis an eight-week season of open-air performances of the works ofWilliam Shakespeare, held in the gardens of various colleges of the university.

Cambridge has a number of churches, some of which form a significant part of the city's architectural landscape. (1764знака)

annua-l ежегодный

average- средний

campu s- кампус, территория университета, колледжа или школы

charter- документ, разрешающий создание

church- церковь

consistently- в соответствии с

consultancy- консалтинговая компания

date back -относиться к какому-то времени назад

diverse- иной, отличный от чего-л., различный

drew up -составлять (текст контракта, законопроекта)

fair -ярмарка, выставка

grant -даровать; предоставлять

high value- engineering высокие технологии

landscape- ландшафт, пейзаж

member- член (какой-л. организации, объединения, структуры)

performance- театральное или музыкальное представление

pints of beer -пинта/кружка пива

rank- ценить, расценивать, располагать по рангу

research & development -(научное) исследование и развитие

several -некоторые, несколько

significant- значительный, важный

Silicon Fen- Силиконовая Долина

software -программное обеспечение