Vocabulary

make laws	принимать законы
to face	сталкиваться (с неприятностями)
quarrelsome ['kwɔr(ə)lsəm]	вздорный, сварливый; придирчивый; драчливый, задиристый
attend [ə'tend]	присутствовать
armed forces	вооружённые силы
collect taxes	взимать налоги
to make a treaty	заключить договор
to weaken ['wiːk(ə)n]	ослаблять
the Constitutional Convention	ист. конституционный конвент
to lead discussions	председательствовать
adopt an amendment to	принять поправку к (конституции и др.)
go into effect syn. take effect, become effective	вступать в силу (в действие)
the Bill of Rights	билль о правах
freedom of religion freedom of speech freedom of the press right to keep and carry arms right to a fair trial by jury human rights	свобода вероисповедания свобода слова свобода печати право на хранение и ношение оружия право на справедливый суд присяжных права человека
to allow [ə'lau]	позволять, разрешать
punishment['pʌnɪʃmənt]	наказание

1. Name the opposites:

encouragement

to allow

cancel

strengthen

to miss

calm

to do well

to agree

to win

today's

master

hardships

1. Translate the Russian words to complete the sentences:

1. The government приняло закон against drinking in the street.

2. Presidential power was reduced by a constitutional поправкой in 1991.

3. George Washington был председателем at the Constitutional Convention.

4. They had to wait ten minutes for the anesthetic подействовала before they began the operation.

5. In some countries people do not have right to на хранение и ношение оружия.

6. Another defeat in parliament will seriously ослабит the president's ability to govern.

7. You're not разрешается to talk during the exam.

8. It was always our father who administered наказание.

9. A вздорный person repeatedly argues with other people.

10. Passengers can столкнуться long delays.

3. Complete the sentences:

1. According to the Treaty of Paris the United States …

2. Each individual American state had its …

3. The new United States faced big problem …

4. The smallest state, Rhode Island, …

5. The discussions at the Constitutional Convention were led …

6. The Constitution of the United States made the federal government …

7. The states were allowed …

8. The Constitution went into effect in March 1789, but …

9. The Bill of Rights is …

4. Change the following sentences to passive:

Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation. During the Revolutionary War the states formed a central government but they did not give it enough powers. At the Constitutional Convention the delegates worked out a new document which they called the Constitution of the United States. Three men – G. Washington, J. Madison and A. Hamilton – played the leading role in working out the Constitution. For a few months the whole nation discussed the Constitution. People made speeches and wrote newspaper articles both for and against it. Then the state assemblies ratified the Constitution. The majority of the citizens approved it. The Constitution did not satisfy many people because it had said nothing about the rights of individual citizens. In 1791, Congress adopted the first ten amendments which they called the Bill of Rights. It gave the citizens fundamental rights. But it promised no rights to the Native Americans or the African slaves.