7. Use the table to retell the text. Puritan new england

«Pilgrims» are people who make a journey for religious reasons. Bur for Americans the word has a special meaning. To them it means a small group of English men and women who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1620. They went to America to find religious freedom.

On September 16, 1620 the Pilgrims left the English port of Plymouth. They were accompanied by a number of other emigrants they called «Strangers.» The Pilgrims' ship was an old trading vessel, the Mayflower. They decided to land at the best place they could find. On December 21, 1620 they set up camp at a place they named Plymouth.

The frozen ground and the deep snow made it difficult for them to build houses. They had very little food. Before spring came, half of the little group were dead. The fifty survivors built better houses. They learned how to fish and hunt. Friendly Amerindians gave them seed of corn and showed them how to plant it.

Other English Puritans followed the Pilgrims to America. Ten years later a much larger group of almost a thousand colonists settled nearby in what became the Boston area. These people left England to escape the rule of a new king. The Boston settlement prospered from the start. Its population grew quickly. Many years later in 1691 it combined with the Plymouth colony under the name of Massachusetts.

Thanksgiving

Every year on the fourth Thursday in November Americans celebrate a holiday called Thanksgiving. The first people to celebrate this holiday were the Pilgrims. In November 1621 they sat down to eat together and to give thanks to God for enabling them to survive the hardships of their first year in America. The Pilgrims were joined at their feast by local Amerindians, who had shared corn with the Pilgrims and shown them the best places to catch fish.

Vocabulary

journey	путешествие, поездка
trading vessel ['ves(ə)l]	торговое судно
accompany [ə'kʌmpənɪ]	сопровождать, следовать вместе
seed of corn	семена кукурузы
nearby	вблизи; поблизости, около, возле
to escape[ɪs'keɪp],	бежать, спасаться бегством
prosper ['prɔspə]	преуспевать, процветать
combine	объединить
to give thanks to	поблагодарить
enabling	дающий возможность
the hardships	лишение, трудность, тяжелое испытание
to survive [sə'vaɪv]	выжить, преодолеть
survivor [sə'vaɪvə]	оставшийся в живых, уцелевший
feast	пир; празднество; праздник
′pilgrim pilgrimage ['pɪlgrɪmɪʤ]	паломник паломничество (к святым местам)

1. Make up the collocations:

   trading	sail
   to set	route
   to survive	up a colony
   everlasting	safety
   find	vessel
   seed	of corn
   to give	thanks to
   religious	persecution
   mistaken	idea
   	the hardships
   	youth

2. Use a synonym for the underlined word:

1. «Pilgrims» are people who make a trip for religious reasons.

2. They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1620.

3. They were escorted by a number of other emigrants they called «Strangers.»

4. The Pilgrims travelled by trading ship.

5. They decided to step ashore on the best place they could find.

6. Pilgrims established a colony at a place they named Plymouth.

7. The fifty alive people built better houses.

8. Another group of almost a thousand colonists settled close by.

9. They wanted to run away from the rule of a new king.

10. The settlement was successful from the beginning.

11. Many years later the colony joined other colony.

12. They sat down to eat together and thanked God.

13. They overcame the difficulties of their first year in America.

14. The Pilgrims celebrated banquet with local Amerindians.

3. Make up questions to these answers:

1. Because they opposed the official Church of England.

2. To escape religious persecution.

3. The Mayflower.

4. In 1620.

5. Pilgrims.

6. The Boston colony grew and prospered.

7. Massachusetts.

8. On the fourth Thursday in November.

9. To give thanks to God.

10. Amerindians who had shared corn with the Pilgrims.

4. True or false? Give an adequate response to each statement. Do not content yourselves with saying ‘Yes’ or ‘No’:

1. «Pilgrims» are people who make a journey to find treasures.

2. American Pilgrims sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1620.

3. This group of people travelled alone.

4. The Pilgrims' ship was a modern yacht, the Aprilrose.

5. They decided to land at the best place.

6. Pilgrims built right away houses.

7. All people survived winter.

8. Amerindians gave them seed of corn.

9. The English king helped Puritans to settle in the New World.

10. The new settlement prospered from the start.

11. The Boston colony combined with the New York colony.

12. The first people who celebrated Thanksgiving day were the Pilgrims.

13. They sat down to eat together to give thanks to local Amerindians.

5. Change the following sentences to passive:

1. The king warned the Puritans that he would drive them from the country.

2. A group of Puritan Pilgrims founded the Plymouth settlement in 1620.

3. People named them the Pilgrim Fathers.

4. Many other Puritans followed the Pilgrim Fathers.

5. Soon they set up a few more settlements in the Boston area.

6. Complete religious freedom which William Penn promised to settlers attracted thousands of immigrants from northern Europe.

6. Translate into English.

26 декабря 1620 года после двухмесячного плавания к берегам Массачусетса причалило торговое судно Mayflower. Большинство пассажиров принадлежало к преследуемой в Англии секте пуритан. Пилигримы пустились в столь опасное путешествие в надежде основать в Новом Свете колонию, где они смогли бы, наконец, обрести свободу.

Пилигримов ожидали невероятные трудности. Первая зима, которую им пришлось пережить на Новой Земле, была суровой и жестокой, из 102 поселенцев выжило всего 56.

А 1-го апреля следующего года к Плимутскому поселению вышли два индейца. Они обучили пилигримов выращивать кукурузу, ловить диких индюшек, выращивать табак и тыкву. Они показали родники (spring), охотничьи тропы (Hunter's Path) и рыбные места. 10 лет спустя пуритане в Англии стали подвергаться преследованиям. Несколько священников присоединились к американским пилигримам, причем в этой второй группе эмигрантов было много богатых и знатных людей. В 1630 г. они основали колонию в области Бостона, а к концу следующего десятилетия в Америке насчитывалось уже шесть пуританских колоний.

В последний четверг ноября в США отмечают День Благодарения. Это один из самых популярных праздников в стране.

День Благодарения впервые был отпразднован в 1621 году английскими колонистами, жившими в Плимутской колонии. Праздник совместно отметили британские колонисты и их соседи-индейцы, благодаря которым Плимутская колония выжила в первую голодную зиму.

Для пуритан этот праздник имел глубокий религиозный смысл — они видели в нем способ поблагодарить Всевышнего.