Уральский

Государственный

Лесотехнический

Университет углту

Л. С. Чухарева.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ

«МОРФОЛОГИЯ»

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ IКУРСА ВСЕХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ.

Екатеринбург 2004 г.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 1.

Из приведенных ниже слов выберите имена существительные. Обоснуйте свой выбор.

Lovely, worker, strength, sing, leadership, look, wisdom, draw, dictate, dictation, long, length, read, neighbourhood, tourism, happy, happiness, smell, better, leaving, get, pianist, letter, family, wish, generosity, government, development, village, manage, difference.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 2.

Напишите следующие существительные во множественном числе.

Kettle, birth, bath, telephone, deed, wardrobe, tree, butterfly, match, shoe, bus, glove, pie, fox, ski, taxi, bush, toe, life,

photo, piano, handkerchief, roof, chief, woman, potato, goose, knife, study, tomato, thief, leaf, foot, child, mouse, deer, fish, sheep, man, calf, hero, shelf, brush, baby, fire-place, hoof, radio, mother–in-law, storey, passer-by, ox, eye, advice, knowledge, step-mother, parent-in-law

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 3.

Переведите на английский язык:

1)дверь комнаты, 2) стакан молока, 3) коробка мела, 4) ваза фруктов, 5) стадо овец, 6) корзина рыбы,

7) книга стихов

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 4.

Замените, где возможно, существительное с предлогом of формой притяжательного падежа.

1.The father of James. 2.The books of his grandchildren. 3.The name of her sister-in-law. 4.The surname of Helen and Peter. 5. The page of the book. 6.The parents of John. 7.The brother of this boy. 8.The children of these women. 9. The group of students. 10.The toys of the twins. 11.The music of Glinka and Chaikovsky. 12.The profession of these men. 13.The birthday of my step- father. 14.The walls of the room.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 5.

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

During … American war of … independence, … commander of … small unit of soldiers was giving … orders to his men about … heavy cannon that they were trying to lift to its place at … top of some fortifications. It was almost beyond their power to lift … weight, and … commander kept shouting … encouraging words. …officer, not in uniform, was passing by, and he asked … commander why he did not help … soldiers. Greatly surprised, … man turned round and said proudly: “Sir, I am … corporal!” “Oh, you are, aren’t you?” replied …officer.- “ I did not know that. I

beg your pardon, Mr. Corporal.” Then he got off … horse he was riding and, taking hold of … rope that … men were pulling at, he pulled with all his strength. And when … cannon was in its place, he turned to … little great man and said: “Mr. Corporal, when you have …other job like this and have not enough … men, send for your commander-in-chief, and I shall gladly come and help you.” … corporal was struck with … astonishment. … man who had helped his soldiers was George Washington.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 6.

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Robert Burns, … son of … small farmer in Ayrshire, was born on … 25^th of … January, 1759. His parents were poor, so that Burns could not get a good education. He worked hard as … ploughboy. He was fond of reading and always had … ballad-book before him at … dinner. After … death of his father Robert and his brother and sister took over … farm together. Working in … fields Burns wrote many wonderful songs. However, things became so bad on … farm, that … poet decided to go to … Jamaica hoping to get … job on … plantation there. Luckily some friends helped Burns to publish … book of poems. … book was noticed and praised highly. In 1786 Burns went to … Edinburgh, and his book of poems unlocked … doors of … rich Edinburgh houses to … peasant with such a wonderful talent. In 1788 he married Jean Armour and spent … peaceful and happy year. … rest of his life-story is … tale of … poet’s hardships. … hard life ruined … poet’s health, and on … 21^st of … July, 1796 he died at … age of thirty-seven.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 7.

Употребите местоимения в скобках в нужной форме.

1.Let … translate these articles into Russian. (we) 2. Let …take the books to the library today. (she) 3. Let … stay at home. He is quite ill. (he) 4. Let … introduce myself. My name is Helen. (I) 5. Let … do this exercise in class. (they) 6. Let … have a meeting after the classes. (we) 7. Let … translate this sentence. It is quite easy. (I) 8. Let … learn the poem by heart. (she) 9. Let … read the story once more. (they) 10. Let … do it himself. (he)

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 8.

Вместо точек вставьте соответствующие притяжательные местоимения в относительной или абсолютной форме.

1. Tell him not to forget … ticket; she musn’t forget … either.

2. Whose books are those? Are they … or … ?

3. I see that he has lost … pencil; perhaps you can lend him … ?

4. Lend them … dictionary; they have left … at home.

5. My trunk is heavier than … .

6. We’ve taken … dictionary; has she taken … ?

7. These seats are not …, they are … .

8. This does not look like … book, it must be … .

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 9.

Вставьте в пропуски возвратные местоимения.

1. Let him introduce…. 2. Helen! Do this exercise … and let Peter and Bob do it ... too. 3. Let’s translate these articles…. They are not difficult at all. 4. Don’t go out today. It is very cold. Let Kate buy a present for her friend….

5. Children, dress…! It’s time to go for a walk. The weather is so beautiful. 6. Mother, let me take the books to the library…. The library is just round the corner. 7. Go there…. 8. They know it…. 9. Let me speak with the child…. 10. Let her do her homework….

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 10.

Вставьте в пропуски указательные местоимения.

1. …article is easy and … one is difficult. 2. Pass me … magazines. Thank you. 3. … boy is fond of music and his dream is to become a pianist. 4. Who is … little girl at the window? 5. … books are mine and … are yours. 6. Are … men over there your friends? 7. … flowers are beautiful, aren’t they? 8. Leave … two dictionaries on my table and take … books from the table over there to the library. 9. … picture is framed and … one is not. 10. … roof is red and … one is green.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 11.

Добавьте вопросительные местоимения.

1. … is that little girl over there? 2. … is her full name? 3. … magazines are in your bag? 4. Here are the books! … is yours? 5. … is your brother-in-law? 6. …grandson is in the Far East? 7. … old is your little daughter? 8. … is your grandfather not yet a pensioner? 9. … are you at home? 10. … many are you in the family?

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 12.

Задайте вопросы к словам, выделенным курсивом.

1. I’m trying to remember their address. 2. Two letters are missing in the word. 3. Ann must mind her intonation. 4. Nina is asking Peter to step aside. 5. Nelly is going to her seat. 6. I can’t transcribe those words because I’ve got no dictionary. 7. The students of Group 2 may go home now. 8. Nick is writing the sentence on the blackboard. 9. They may come at 7 o’clock. 10. Alec is sorry – he can’t come to the party today.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 13.

Вставьте some, any, or no.

1. Are there … letters for me? No, there aren’t … letters for you. There are … letters in the letter- box. 2. You have … very nice water- colours here. 3. I have got … interesting books to read. 4. There aren’t … magazines here. 5. There are … coat- hangers in the wardrobe. 6. I have got … interesting news to tell you. 7. There isn’t … butter on the table. Take … fresh butter from the fridge. 8. Will you have a cup of tea? There is … hot water in the kettle. 9. I have got … time to speak to you now. I am very busy. 10. Have you got … English records at home? 11. You may read … book you like. 12. Where can I buy … flowers? 13. I am interested in … information you can give me on this question. 14. May I have … water, please? 15. Give me … money if you have … .16. If you have … idea about it, please tell it to me. 17. If you see … nice prints, buy them please.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 14.

К какой части речи относятся приведенные ниже слова? Как Вы об этом догадались?

Dangerous, generous, noble, comfortable, careful, beautiful, hopeless, lucky, foolish, dirty, central, wooden, different,

talkative, English, Danish, pretty, difficult, childlike, careless, attentive.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 15.

Образуйте формы сравнительной и превосходной степеней сравнения следующих прилагательных:

1. Sharp, long, small, young, old, few

2. Big, hot, thin, wet, sad, red

3. Busy, easy, dirty, dry, merry, cosy, shy, sly, gay, grey

4. Famous, beautiful, interesting, comfortable, hopeful

5. Good, bad, much, far, many, little, old

6. Large, fat, clumsy, many, pleasant, expensive, low, nice, little, heavy, pale, lazy, ugly, quite, cheerful, good, honourable, powerful, pretty

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 16.

Вставьте as … as, so … as, than.

1. Nothing is more pleasant … to sit in a comfortable chair and read an interesting book. 2. Your sister is …young … his. 3. The dining- room is much bigger … the study. 4. Our teacher is not … old … theirs. 5. My brother is older … I am, but he is younger … my sister. 6. The study is not … big … the bedroom. 7.The Sun is bigger … the Earth. 8. This street is … wide … the next one. 9. His radio set is not … powerful … mine. 10. This English book is not … difficult … that one. 11. This woman is … old … you are.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 17.

a) Вставьте much, many, little, few, a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of.

1. There are … students in the hall. 2. There is … furniture in this room. 3. I haven’t got ... time today. I am very busy. 4. She has … Russian but … English books. 5. Please don’t make so … noise. 6. I have … mistakes in my dictation. 7. Are there … rooms in your flat? 8. I have … ink in my ink- pot. Give me some, please. 9. Are there … new houses in your street? 10. There isn’t … paper in the drawer. 11. There is … fruit in the fruit-stall.

b) Вставьте a few, a little.

1. I have got … pictures in the room, but not many. 2. There is … bread in the cupboard. Take it. 3. There are only … cigarettes in the box. 4. There are … books on the table, but there are no magazines there. 5. I have … money in my pocket. 6. Give me … water, please, I am very thirsty. 7. I have just … prints, but they all are very good. 8. We have got … fish. Have some.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 18.

Вставьте there is или there are

1. … a gas-stove and a fridge in our kitchen. 2. … a lot of furniture in their flat. 3. … some chocolate and a piece of cake on this plate. 4. … no fruit at home. Will you go and buy some? 5. … some magazines and a telephone on this little table. 6. … a lot of work to do this afternoon. 7. … plenty of knives in the drawer. 8. … good news for you! 9. … some money in my purse. You may take it. 10. … a water- colour and some prints on the walls of his room.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 19.

Вставьте it is или there is.

1. …fine today. 2. …no telephone in this flat. 3. … an underground station not far from my house. 4. … nearly 10 o’clock. 5. … a pity that you can’t come with me. 6. … late. We must hurry. 7. … a light in the kitchen. Mother is at home. 8. … no place like home. 9. … time to go to bed. 10. … not true to say that she is a close friend of mine. 11. … windy. I don’t want to go out. 12. … far from here. Let’s take a taxi.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 20.

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Сейчас сильный туман. Водители должны быть осторожны. 2. На улице много снега. 3. Еще очень рано. Не уходи. 4. В этой комнате слишком много мебели. 5. Здесь солнечно и светло. 6. В этом доме все современные удобства. 7. Очень приятно сидеть перед телевизором по вечерам. 8. В этой комнате нет телефона. Он в коридоре. 9. Сейчас 11 часов. Давайте выпьем чашку кофе. 10. В ванной комнате есть душ и умывальник.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 21.

Прочитайте следующие количественные числительные:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 18 20 23 27 30 34 49 50 55 60 70 81 90 100 101 117 283 758 541 894 920 1,000 1,050 1,367 2,468 50,123 357,492

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 22.

Образуйте порядковые числительные от следующих количественных:

1 2 3 5 11 13 15 22 33 55 700 856 999 2,759 4,896.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 23.

Прочитайте дроби:

обыкновенные – 1/2, 1/3, 2/5, 5/7, 7/13, 8 1/6, 7 3/5,6 7/21, 15 2/3, 33 4/5;

десятичные – 0.3; 0.08; 0.4; 0.2; 0.14; 0.35; 0.054; 0.00033; 1.35; 2.06; 7.054; 13.521; 10.0344; 25.127; 349.07.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 24.

Составьте разделительные вопросы на основе следующих предложений.

1. Your parents are not old at all. 2. Tom has (got) a wife and two children. 3. They have (got) no nephews or nieces. 4. He has (got) no family. 5. You are nearly twenty years old. 6. She is not married yet. 7. He is five years her senior. 8. They have (got) a comfortable flat in Repin Street. 9. His cousin has not got that magazine. 10. I am two years your junior. 11. Your brother is a builder. 12. He is clever. 13. It isn’t ready. 14. Her hair is not brown. 15. It is a pity.16. I am very punctual. 17. I am not very busy. 18. We are not ready. 19. They are sorry for her. 20. I am right.

Приложение.

АРТИКЛЬ

Запомните следующие правила:

1. Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.

2. Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.

3. Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание “no” (не “not”!).

4. Упоминая предмет впервые, перед ним употребляется неопределенный артикль a (an). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, перед ним ставится определенный артикль the.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

5. Неопределенный артикль a(an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как в единственном, так и во множественном числе.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

(исчисляемое существительное в единственном числе)

This is _meat. The meat is fresh.

(неисчисляемое существительное)

These are _books. The books are good.

(множественное число)

6. Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

7. Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употредляем перед ним определенный артикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным мире

E.g. The sun is shining brightly.

в) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации

E.g. Put the book on the table.