- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Contents
- •Introduction the subject of the history of the english language. The indo-european family of languages. Germanic languages. The periods in the history of english 5
- •Indo-European Language Family 6
- •Variant I 86
- •Causes of language changes
- •Historical Linguistics
- •Indo-European Language Family
- •Indo-European languages tree
- •Germanic Languages
- •Peculiarities of Germanic languages
- •Germanic people. Origin and culture
- •Germanic Alphabet
- •Periods in the History of English
- •The Old English period: brief outline and main features
- •The Middle English period: brief outline and main features
- •The Modern English period: brief outline and main features
- •The old english period Historical Background: Prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon Britain
- •Old English Writings
- •How Do We Know What Old English Pronunciation Was Like?
- •The Old English Sound System
- •Phonetic Changes in Old English
- •Vowel changes
- •Consonants changes
- •Old English Grammar The Old English Noun
- •The Old English Pronoun
- •Interrogative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •The Old English Adjective
- •The Old English Verb
- •Irregular (anomalous) verbs.
- •The Old English Numeral
- •The Old English Adverb
- •The Old English Auxiliary Words
- •The Old English Syntax
- •Old English Vocabulary Composition
- •Word building
- •Foreign influences on Old English
- •The middle english period Historical background: Medieval Britain
- •Changes in Spelling
- •Phonetic Changes in Middle English
- •Vowel changes:
- •Changes in Middle English Grammar
- •Changes in Middle English Vocabulary
- •The modern english period Historical background: Tudor Britain, Stuart Britain
- •General Changes in Modern English Phonology
- •The Great Vowel Shift
- •Early Modern English Grammar Changes and features of ModE noun system
- •The Modern English Pronoun
- •Changes and features of Early ModE verbal system
- •Early Modern English Syntax
- •Features of Early ModE vocabulary:
- •Part II The Old English Period
- •Part III the Middle English period
- •Part IV The Modern English Period
- •Appendix 1: British History Timeline
- •Appendix 2: Control tests
- •Part III.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant II
- •Instructions: Basing on the Grimm’s law, explain the correspondences of underlined sounds in the following words of the common root from Germanic and non-Germanic Indo-European languages.
- •Instructions: Provide grammatical analysis of the suggested elements from the sentence below:
- •Verbs — strong or weak type, define tense, aspect, mood, person, number.
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant III.
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant IV
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from The Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant V
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from the Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Related reading
- •Internet resources
- •Г. А. Васильцова история английского языка и введение в специальную филологию
Variant IV
Part I.
Subject: The Indo-European Family of Languages. Germanic languages.
Instructions: Basing on the Grimm’s law, explain the correspondences of underlined sounds in the following words of the common root from Germanic and non-Germanic Indo-European languages.
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Tasks: |
Explanations: |
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Part II.
Subject: The Old English Period
Instructions: Provide grammatical analysis of the suggested elements from the sentence below:
Nouns — define the declension type (strong or weak), number, case.
Adjectives — define the declension type (strong or weak), number, case, gender, degree of comparison.
Verbs — strong or weak type, define tense, aspect, mood, person, number.
Pronouns — class, if possible, person, number, case.
Translate the sentence in Modern English.
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SōÞlīce ā hǣlend geseah hēora gelēafan, hē cwæ to Þam laman: Sunu, Þē synt Þine synna forgyfene. |
Glossary
cweÞan - (verb) say
forgiefan – (verb) forgive
hǣlend - (noun, masc.) Saviour
gelēafa - (noun, masc.) belief
lama – (substantivized adj.) – lame (man)
geseon - (verb) see
SōÞlīce – (adv) truly, really
syn – (noun, fem.) sin
synt – (substantive verb) be
sunu – (noun, masc) son
ā – (adv) then, when
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Word as used in the text |
Form, notes |
Corresponding ModE word |
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Part III.
Subject: The Middle English period
Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
From The Canterbury Tales:
The Clerk's Prologue
lines 1-14: The Host asks the Clerk to tell a tale
About The Clerk's Prologue and Tale:
The Host asks the Clerk of Oxford to narrate a tale in plain style. The Clerk announces a tale that he has learned from another clerk.
The Clerk's tale is about a marquis called Walter. Lord Walter is a bachelor who is asked by his subjects to marry in order to provide a heir. Lord Walter assents and marries a poor girl called Griselda. After some time, Walter starts testing Griselda's patience. Ultimately, the clerk's tale is about unconditional female submissiveness.
Heere folweth the Prologe of the Clerkes Tale of Oxenford.
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Middle English text |
Modern English translation |
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"Sire Clerk of Oxenford," oure Hooste sayde, "Ye ryde as coy and stille as dooth a mayde, Were newe spoused, sittynge at the bord. This day ne herde I of youre tonge a word. 5 I trowe ye studie about som sophyme; But Salomon seith, `every thyng hath tyme.' For Goddes sake, as beth of bettre cheere; It is no tyme for to studien heere, Telle us som myrie tale, by youre fey! 10 For what man that is entred in a pley, He nedes moot unto the pley assente; But precheth nat as freres doon in Lente, To make us for oure olde synnes wepe, Ne that thy tale make us nat to slepe. |
Sir clerk of Oxford," our good host then said, "You ride as quiet and still as is a maid But newly wedded, sitting at the board; This day I've heard not from your tongue a word. 5 Perhaps you mull a sophism that's prime, But Solomon says, 'each thing to its own time.' For God's sake, smile and be of better cheer, It is no time to think and study here. Tell us some merry story, if you may; 10 For whatsoever man will join in play, He needs must to the play give his consent. But do not preach, as friars do in Lent, To make us, for our old sins, wail and weep, And see your tale shall put us not to sleep. |
trowe verb think, suppose
moot verb must
fey noun faith
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Explain the development of the following words from OE to MidE:
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Old English |
Middle English |
Explanation: |
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mayde (Line 2) |
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of tonge (Line 4) |
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day (Line 4) |
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