- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Contents
- •Introduction the subject of the history of the english language. The indo-european family of languages. Germanic languages. The periods in the history of english 5
- •Indo-European Language Family 6
- •Variant I 86
- •Causes of language changes
- •Historical Linguistics
- •Indo-European Language Family
- •Indo-European languages tree
- •Germanic Languages
- •Peculiarities of Germanic languages
- •Germanic people. Origin and culture
- •Germanic Alphabet
- •Periods in the History of English
- •The Old English period: brief outline and main features
- •The Middle English period: brief outline and main features
- •The Modern English period: brief outline and main features
- •The old english period Historical Background: Prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon Britain
- •Old English Writings
- •How Do We Know What Old English Pronunciation Was Like?
- •The Old English Sound System
- •Phonetic Changes in Old English
- •Vowel changes
- •Consonants changes
- •Old English Grammar The Old English Noun
- •The Old English Pronoun
- •Interrogative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •The Old English Adjective
- •The Old English Verb
- •Irregular (anomalous) verbs.
- •The Old English Numeral
- •The Old English Adverb
- •The Old English Auxiliary Words
- •The Old English Syntax
- •Old English Vocabulary Composition
- •Word building
- •Foreign influences on Old English
- •The middle english period Historical background: Medieval Britain
- •Changes in Spelling
- •Phonetic Changes in Middle English
- •Vowel changes:
- •Changes in Middle English Grammar
- •Changes in Middle English Vocabulary
- •The modern english period Historical background: Tudor Britain, Stuart Britain
- •General Changes in Modern English Phonology
- •The Great Vowel Shift
- •Early Modern English Grammar Changes and features of ModE noun system
- •The Modern English Pronoun
- •Changes and features of Early ModE verbal system
- •Early Modern English Syntax
- •Features of Early ModE vocabulary:
- •Part II The Old English Period
- •Part III the Middle English period
- •Part IV The Modern English Period
- •Appendix 1: British History Timeline
- •Appendix 2: Control tests
- •Part III.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant II
- •Instructions: Basing on the Grimm’s law, explain the correspondences of underlined sounds in the following words of the common root from Germanic and non-Germanic Indo-European languages.
- •Instructions: Provide grammatical analysis of the suggested elements from the sentence below:
- •Verbs — strong or weak type, define tense, aspect, mood, person, number.
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant III.
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant IV
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from The Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant V
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from the Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Related reading
- •Internet resources
- •Г. А. Васильцова история английского языка и введение в специальную филологию
Task IV.
Subject: The Early Modern English period
Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
Barnardo
It was about to speake, when the Cocke crew.
147:
Horatio
And then it started, like a guilty thing
148: Vpon a fearfull Summons. I haue heard,
149: The Cocke that is the Trumpet to the day,
150: Doth with his lofty and shrill-sounding Throate
151: Awake the God of Day: and at his warning,
152: Whether in Sea, or Fire, in Earth, or Ayre,
153: Th' extrauagant, and erring Spirit, hyes
154: To his Confine. And of the truth heerein,
155: This present Obiect made probation.
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Variant III.
Part I.
Subject: The Indo-European Family of Languages. Germanic languages.
Instructions: Basing on the Grimm’s law, explain the correspondences of underlined sounds in the following words of the common root from Germanic and non-Germanic Indo-European languages.
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Tasks: |
Explanations: |
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Part II.
Subject: The Old English Period
Instructions: Provide grammatical analysis of the suggested elements from the sentence below:
Nouns — define the declension type (strong or weak), number, case.
Adjectives — define the declension type (strong or weak), number, case, gender, degree of comparison.
Verbs — strong or weak type, define tense, aspect, mood, person, number.
Pronouns — class, if possible, person, number, case.
Translate the sentence in Modern English.
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Swilċe hē wæs ēac swīðe stearc man and rēðe, swā þæt man ne dorste nān þing onġēan his willan dōn. |
Glossary
(ġe)dōn – (anomalous verb) do
durran - (preterite present verb) dare
ēac– (adv) also
man - (noun, masc.) man
ne– (adv) not
nān– (adj) no
ongēan – (prep. with dat. or acc.) against
rēðe - (adj) fierce; cruel; raging; severe
swā – (adv) so
swīðe - (adv) very
Swilċe – (adv) likewise
stearc - (adj) stern
þing - (noun, neuter) thing
willa - (noun, masc.) will
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Word as used in the text |
Form, notes |
Corresponding ModE word |
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Part III.
Subject: The Middle English period