Words and word combinations to be remembered

Advanced – современный, передовой	to be connected with – быть связанным с	law – закон
up-to-date – современный, новейший	introduce – вводить, представлять, знакомить	velocity – скорость
complicated – сложный, трудный для понимания	calculate – вычислять, подсчитывать	equation – уравнение
in terms of – в исчислении, исчисленный в к.-л. выражении	follow from – следовать из	constant – постоянная
convergence – сближение	apply – применять, употреблять	relativity – относительность
involve – включать в себя, содержать	join – соединяться, присоединяться	research – поиск, исследование

Ex. 1. Translate from Russian into English:

Современная физика, закон движения, закон инерции, закон параллелограмма, закон динамики, закон гравитации, изменение скорости, уравнение второго порядка, исчисление бесконечно малых, количество движения, постоянная Планка, мир расширяется, разделять, сближение, проникать, очевидный, сложные явления, предсказать.

Ex. 2. Match the words in 2 columns, what do these expressions mean? Make up your own sentences with these word combinations:

Mathematical side	subject
The most advanced	novelty
Differential	of physics
Revolutionary	science
Special	phenomena
Hybrid	theory of the relativity
Complicated	equation

Ex. 3. Fill in the blanks:

1. … showed that the laws of motion are the same for all kinds of dead matter.

2. Galileo introduced the law of … and … law.

3. From the law of inertia it followed that … .

4. The basic idea of dynamics, the equations of motion, the ideas of momentum, of inertia, of mass and of acceleration were applied by Newton to large bodies like the Earth and the Moon to explain … .

5. In 1905 … published his special theory of relativity.

6. Ten years later he published his … theory of relativity.

7. Towards the end of that time the sciences were beginning to separate. Just at this moment we can see … .

8. Physics is increasingly penetrating … .

9. We are having a growing symbiosis between … .

10. Our job in physics is … .

Ex. 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the text concerned with? 2. What physical concepts did Galileo introduce into theory? 3. What did Galileo explain by these concepts? 4. Was it possible to explain the structure and the motion of the universe by Galileo's law of inertia? Why? 5. What did Newton develop to explain the structure and the motion of celestial bodies? 6. What physical concepts did he introduce into his Principia? 7. What two departures from Newtonian principles followed at the very beginning of the 20th century? 8. What did Planck want to explain by his constant h? 9. What did Einstein try to explain? 10. What new knowledge did physicists get from these discoveries?

Ex. 5. Say a few words about:

• Galileo’s theory

• Newton’s theory

• Leibniz theory

• Einstein’s theory