13. Subjunctive mood

Ex. 1. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the subjunctive mood:

1. To create acoustical holograms it is necessary that an object should be "illuminated" with pure tones of sound instead of with a beam of coherent light. 2. It is important that a considerable amount of effort should be devoted to the possible use of holography in data-processing and the display of information. 3. For the student to understand these terms and be able to use them correctly, it is essential that they should be defined accurately. 4. It is desirable that they should improve the quality of these lenses. 5. He ordered that this question should be discussed immediately. 6. It was recommended that he should prove the validity of his conclusions by experiment. 7. He suggested that they should use some new methods for this purpose. 8. He insisted that all the students should take part in the conference. 9. It is doubtful that they should tell in advance what practical effect the study of such phenomena might bring. 10. It is impossible that they should have solved all these most severe problems. 11. They had to use a telescope in order that the reconstructed image could be viewed. 12. The experimenters placed an acoustical lens between the object and the surface in order that the three-dimensional image formed by the lens should be projected onto the surface.

Ex. 2. Find subjunctive verb forms in the following sentences:

1. I wish he would stop that noise. 2. Don't trouble. He said he would stop it very soon. 3. It would be very nice, if it were only possible. 4. I wish he were in Moscow. 5. They were to come to Moscow a month ago. 6. They suggested that I should take part in this research. 7. You really should take part in it. There is no reason to reject this suggestion. 8. I knew that I should come here again. 9. Did they mean that they were interested in the subject? 10. It was suggested that the work should be done without any delay. 11. You should do this work immediately. 12. I wish I would be able to do it on time. 13. Dr. Ivanov said that the institutes would begin the search for ways and means of providing power in space. 14. Space flights over long periods would not have been possible without the development of new sources of energy. 15. Were it possible to reduce the losses by only one percent, the system would have paid for itself in one year. 16. He said that the system was so complicated that only the basic principle would be outlined.

14. Conditional mood

Ex. 1. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the conditional mood:

1. Edison found that if he gave the plate a charge of positive electricity, a current of electricity would flow continuously into the plate inside the tube. 2. Provided light fell on the metal it would conduct a current of electricity much more easily than when it was in darkness. 3. If electrons jumped easily across the gap between the two electrodes an electric current would flow in the normal way from cathode to anode.

Ex. 2. Rewrite these sentences using conditional mood (I-II type):

Model: Amber attracts light objects when rubbed … if. – Amber would attract light objects if it were rubbed.

1. The magnetized needle orients itself in a specific direction when placed on a piece of cork and set to floating on water. 2. The position of the North Star by night is used as a method of finding direction when the weather is clear. 3. The force of attraction grows stronger when one allows a north pole to approach a south pole. 4. Two bodies repel each other when charged positively. 5. The domains disrupt in case of increased atomic vibration. 6. The vibration disrupts alignment and weakens the magnetic force when a magnet is beaten with a hammer. 7. The north pole of a compass needle of the spherical lodestone points north when placed in the vicinity.