B.Crowell - Newtonian Physics, Vol
.1.pdfNewtonian
Physics
Benjamin Crowell
Book 1 in the Light and Matter series of introductory physics textbooks www.lightandmatter.com
Newtonian Physics
The Light and Matter series of introductory physics textbooks:
1Newtonian Physics
2Conservation Laws
3Vibrations and Waves
4Electricity and Magnetism
5Optics
6The Modern Revolution in Physics
Newtonian Physics
Benjamin Crowell
www.lightandmatter.com
Light and Matter
Fullerton, California
www.lightandmatter.com
© 1998-2002 by Benjamin Crowell All rights reserved.
Edition 2.1 rev. 2002-11-23
ISBN 0-9704670-1-X
To Paul Herrschaft and Rich Muller.
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Brief Contents |
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0 |
Introduction and Review ............................... |
15 |
1 |
Scaling and Order-of-Magnitude Estimates 35 |
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Motion in One Dimension |
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2 |
Velocity and Relative Motion ........................ |
54 |
3 |
Acceleration and Free Fall ............................ |
75 |
4 |
Force and Motion ........................................... |
99 |
5 |
Analysis of Forces ....................................... |
115 |
Motion in Three Dimensions |
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6 |
Newton’s Laws in Three Dimensions ........ |
137 |
7 |
Vectors .......................................................... |
147 |
8 |
Vectors and Motion ..................................... |
157 |
9 |
Circular Motion ............................................ |
169 |
10 |
Gravity ........................................................ |
183 |
Exercises ........................................................... |
203 |
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Solutions to Selected Problems ...................... |
211 |
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Glossary ............................................................. |
217 |
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Mathematical Review ........................................ |
219 |
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Trig Tables.......................................................... |
220 |
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Index ................................................................... |
221 |
Contents
Preface ......................................................... |
13 |
A Note to the Student Taking Calculus |
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Concurrently ........................................... |
14 |
0 |
Introduction and Review |
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15 |
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0.1 |
The Scientific Method .......................... |
15 |
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0.2 |
What Is Physics? ................................. |
17 |
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0.3 |
How to Learn Physics .......................... |
20 |
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0.4 |
Self-Evaluation .................................... |
22 |
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0.5 |
Basics of the Metric System ................ |
22 |
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0.6 |
The Newton, the Metric Unit of Force .. |
25 |
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0.7 |
Less Common Metric Prefixes ............. |
26 |
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0.8 |
Scientific Notation ................................ |
27 |
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0.9 |
Conversions ......................................... |
28 |
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0.10 |
Significant Figures ............................. |
30 |
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Summary ...................................................... |
32 |
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Homework Problems .................................... |
33 |
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1 Scaling and Order-of- |
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Magnitude Estimates35 |
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1.1 |
Introduction .......................................... |
35 |
1.2 |
Scaling of Area and Volume ................ |
37 |
1.3 |
Scaling Applied to Biology ................... |
44 |
1.4 |
Order-of-Magnitude Estimates ............ |
47 |
Summary ...................................................... |
50 |
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Homework Problems .................................... |
50 |
Motion in One
Dimension 53
2 |
Velocity and Relative |
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Motion |
54 |
2.1 |
Types of Motion ................................... |
54 |
2.2 |
Describing Distance and Time ............. |
57 |
2.3 |
Graphs of Motion; Velocity. .................. |
60 |
2.4 |
The Principle of Inertia ......................... |
64 |
2.5 |
Addition of Velocities ........................... |
67 |
2.6 |
Graphs of Velocity Versus Time ........... |
69 |
2.7 ò Applications of Calculus .................... |
69 |
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Summary ...................................................... |
71 |
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Homework Problems .................................... |
72 |
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3 |
Acceleration and Free |
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Fall |
75 |
3.1 |
The Motion of Falling Objects .............. |
75 |
3.2 |
Acceleration ......................................... |
78 |
3.3 |
Positive and Negative Acceleration ..... |
81 |
3.4 |
Varying Acceleration ............................ |
84 |
3.5The Area Under the Velocity-Time Graph87
3.6Algebraic Results for Constant
Acceleration ............................................ |
89 |
3.7* Biological Effects of Weightlessness .. |
91 |
3.8 ò Applications of Calculus .................... |
93 |
Summary ...................................................... |
94 |
Homework Problems .................................... |
95 |