- •Министерство образования республки беларусь
- •1. Explain the meanings of “can” in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the modal verb can in the following sentences:
- •4. Turn the following into unreal statements and translate both variants into Russian. Change the form of the infinitive if necessary.
- •5. A. Put in “can” if possible, if not, use “could” or “will” be able to.
- •2. In other cases, w have to use will be able to.
- •3. Conditional: We can use could to mean “would be able to”.
- •6. A. Express strong doubt about these negative sentences.
- •7. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the infinitive.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with can/can’t or be (not) able to in the proper form.
- •9. Open the brackets with could (expressing a possibility) or could have (expressing a possibility that did not happen) and make all necessary changes.
- •10. Express your surprise and disbelief using can/could.
- •11. To practice can, make up situations of your own using the following patterns.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •13. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •14. Translate the following sentences:
- •15. Memorize the following proverbs and sayings and use them in a situation of your own.
- •1. Determine the meaning of the modal verb “may”. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Change the following sentences to express uncertainty using the modal verb “may” and the proper form of the infinitive. Follow the example.
- •3. Make the following sentences less certain by using “may” or “might”.
- •4. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the infinitive.
- •6. Change the following sentences into the future or past. Use be allowed/ permitted to
- •7. Paraphrase the following sentences using where possible the modal verb “may”.
- •8. To practice “may”, make up situations of your own using the following patterns.
- •9. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •10. Memorize the following proverbs and use them in situations of your own.
- •11. Translate the following sentences into English. Use the modal verbs “can (could)” and “may (might)”.
- •12. Fill in the blanks with may/might or can/could and make all necessary changes.
- •13. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs making necessary changes (you may have several variants).
- •14. Find and correct the mistakes if any.
- •16. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs “can” or “may”.
- •17. Translate the following sentences:
- •18. Translate the following sentences.
- •16Translate the following sentences into English. Use the modal verbs «can» and «may».
- •17. Translate into English using the modal verbs.
- •1. Determine the meaning of the modal verb “must”. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Change the following sentences using the modal verb “must” to express probability and the appropriate form of the infinitive.
- •3. Answer the following questions accordance with the example given below.
- •4. Rewrite these sentences using “must” or “can’t” and translate them into Russian.
- •5. Notice the use of “must” in reported speech in the following sentences and translate them into Russian.
- •6. Remembering that must in the meaning of probability is not used either with reference to the future or in the negative form, find a suitable way of translating the following sentences into English:
- •7. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the infinitive.
- •8. Choose the correct variant.
- •8. To practice must make up situations of year own using the following patterns.
- •9.Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Revision
- •1. Choose the modal verb that best suits the context.
- •3.Translate the following sentences into English using the modal verbs “can”, “may”, “must” where necessary; state their functions.
- •To have to
- •1. Determine the meaning of the modal verbs “to have to”, “to be to”. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. A. Make the following sentences a) interrogative, b) negative.
- •3. Put in “must” or “have (has/got) to”.
- •4. Complete the sentences, using “must not” /“mustn’t” or “do not”/”don’t have to”.
- •5. Change and explain the following sentences as shown in the example.
- •6. Change the sentences using “be to”.
- •7. Fill in the blanks with “have to” or “be to”.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. To practice the use of “have to” and “be to”, make up situations of your using the following patterns:
- •10. Choose the alternative that best suits the context.
- •Revision:
- •1. Fill in the blanks with “must”, “have to” or “be to” to suit the motives expressed in the following sentences:
- •2. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs “must”, “have to” or “be to”.
- •1. Explain the meaning of “need” in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •2. Open the brackets and give the correct form of the verb after need.
- •3. Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with either “didn’t need (to)” or “needn’t have (done)”.
- •4. Choose the correct variant.
- •5. Translate into English using the verb “need”.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English using need:
- •7. Choose the alternative that best suits the context.
- •Should – ought to
- •1. State the meaning of the verb “should” in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •2. Give a piece of advice using the modal verb “should” and the words in brackets.
- •3. Choose between “must” and “should” in the following sentences.
- •4. Choose the most suitable form.
- •5. A. Change the sentences using “should” so as to express criticism.
- •6. Combine the modal verb “should” with the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Ought to
- •1. State the meaning of the verb “ought” in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.
- •2. Combine the modal verb “ought” with the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Should – ought to
- •1. Rewrite the sentences, using “should” or “ought to”.
- •2. Choose the right variant.
- •3 Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with “must”, “have to”, “be to”, “should”, “need”, “ought to” (in some cases you may have several variants).
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. To practice “should”/”ought” to make up situations of your own using the following patterns.
- •6. Translate into English using modal verbs.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Will / would
- •1. State the meaning of the verb “will”/ “would”. Translate into Russian.
- •3. Complete the sentences with “will/”won’t”/”would”/”wouldn’t”.
- •4. State whether the verb will/would is a modal verb or an auxiliary verb.
- •6. Translate the given parts of the sentences into English and complete the sentences.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •1. State the meaning of the verb “shall”. Translate into Russian.
- •2. State whether “shall” is an auxiliary or modal verb.
- •3. Complete the following sentences using “shall”.
- •4. Translate into English
- •1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verb “dare”.
- •2. Paraphrase the following sentences using the verb “dare”.
- •3. Complete the following sentences.
- •Mixed bag
- •1. Define the meanings of the modal verbs. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Insert the modal verbs in the correct form.
- •3. Combine the modal verbs with the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets.
- •4. Use the necessary modal verbs.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Revision
- •1. Supply the necessary modal verbs for the following sentences, noticing the Russian equivalents given in brackets:
- •2. Translate the following sentences into English using suitable modal verbs.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English using modal verbs.
- •4. Translate the following sentences into English using modal verbs.
3. Translate into English.
1. Вам следует чаще навещать её. Она очень скучает без вас.
2. Вам нужно было пользоваться словарём, вы не сделали много орфографических ошибок.
3. Завтра, вероятно, будет хорошая погода.
4. Вам нужно было объяснить ей, что она была неправа.
5. Вы должны знать, что существует много эффективных путей изучения иностранных языков.
6. Вам нужно было проявить больше вкуса в выборе подарка.
7. Вам не следовало говорить такие вещи в её присутствие.
8. Тебе следует по чаще писать своим родителям.
9. Я должна была поздравить его вчера, но совсем забыла о его дне рождения.
10. Я считаю, что мне следует сказать им всю правду.
Should – ought to
1. Rewrite the sentences, using “should” or “ought to”.
1. The Conservatives are expected to win the next election.
2. There will probably be a lot of people at the meeting.
3. The weather forecast says it will probably be fine weather.
4. Our visitors were expected to arrive long before now.
5. It probably won’t be too difficult to get over the problem.
6. The meeting was expected to have finished by now.
7. The organizers of the games will probably be meeting tomorrow to try to resolve any outstanding problems.
8. We didn’t expect that it would take so long to get there.
9. The new regulations probably won’t affect foreigners already living in this country.
10. We expect to be able to move into out new house at the end of the month.
2. Choose the right variant.
1. She looks bad. She should (be/have been) more careful about her health. 2. You shouldn’t (miss/have missed) the chance. It was a brilliant opportunity for you. 3. I think the policeman was right. She shouldn’t (exceed/have exceeded) the speed. 4. I ought to (bring/have taken) the opera glasses. Now I see nothing. 5. It seems to me that he is a hot-tempered person and often flies into a rage because of mere trifles. He should (control/have controlled) his temper. 6. They should (clear/have cleared) up the problem long time ago. 7. I ought not to (stay/have stayed) there long. The party was a failure. 8. You should (shave/have shaved) this beard of yours! 9. She should ( be/have been) more attentive. Didn’t she see a car on the right? 10. It is a secret. You ought not to (reveal/have revealed) it to anybody.
3 Open the brackets and fill in the blanks with “must”, “have to”, “be to”, “should”, “need”, “ought to” (in some cases you may have several variants).
1. He ….. (not go) to court because the case was dismissed. 2. If I am late I’ll ….. (take) a taxi.
3. The young …… (respect) the old age. 4. The conversation grew awkward. She felt that something ……. (do), or else the party would break up. 5. They …… (meet) tomorrow, so you ……. (not make) an appointment to see him. 6. You …… (have) a visa to enter a foreign country. 7. You …… (try) and be more punctual. 8. Why are you so late? – I …… (change) a tyre. 9. You ….. (not shout), I am not deaf. 10. They …… (cross) the English Channel now.
4. Translate into English.
1. Тебе следует сегодня раньше лечь спать, чтобы завтра раньше встать.
2. Уже поздно. Соседи, наверное, уже спят. Не стоит так громко включать радио.
3. Петя, не нужно с ним спорить. Он все равно его не убедит.
4. Нам нужно было поехать на метро, а не автобусом. Мы бы уже были дома.
5. Мне нужно остаться посоле уроков? Ты считаешь, что я должна ему помочь?
6. Тебе не нужно было приходить. Ты только потерял время.