Past Simple, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous
Ex.1 Compare the use of the Past Perfect Simple,
the Past Perfect Continuous and the Past Simple tense-forms.
She ran downstairs to open the door, but it was too late. The postman had already gone.
She apologized and said she had already had lunch.
He had been smoking for 20 years before he finally gave it up last year.
All the roads were blocked: it had been snowing all night long.
I had hardly got off the tram when it suddenly started moving.
I felt awful after dinner. I had eaten too much.
It turned out that Patrick had broken his leg the previous morning.
I was pleased to see my old college friends at the conference last week
as we hadn't seen each other since we finished our course.
Maggie took a hot bath after she had been working in the garden all
afternoon.
I had a pleasant surprise when I got to my room: someone had put some flowers there for me.
Ex.2 Choose the appropriate tense-forms: Past Perfect / Past Perfect
Continuous and Past Simple/Past Continuous.
1. He turned off the electric light. It had been burning/had burnt all
night.
2. Nobody bothered to inform me that the school decided/had decided to have a special holiday that Friday.
3. Paul offered/had offered me another drink but I decided I drank/had drunk enough.
4. I knew I did/had done well in my exams even before I received the official results.
5. I saw/had seen right away it was the place I looked/had been looking for all my life.
6. As soon as he raised his eyes I knew/had known that we met/had met
before.
7. Excuse me, I had ordered/ordered a coffee half an hour ago.
Is it ready yet?
8. She finished/had finished most of the work by the time her boss arrived.
Ex.3 Read the following story. Find the past tense verbs in
each sentence and define the event that happened first.
a. When David got home he saw that someone had left the front door
open.
b. He wondered what had happened.
c. He noticed that someone had made a lot of footprints in the flowerbed.
d. He was sure that he'd locked the door that morning,
e. He was horrified to see that someone had smashed the window,
f. David guessed that a burglar had broken in.
g. He went into the sitting room and saw that the clock on the wall had
gone.
h. The burglar had not had time to take everything because David came
home.
i. When he had looked around the house he phoned the police.
j. He told them exactly what the burglar had taken.
k. The police said that he had done the right thing.
1. He hadn't touched anything before he called them.
m. They hoped that the damage had not been too serious.
n. After he had finished the phone call he made himself a cup of tea.
o. He was glad they hadn't taken the kettle!
FUTURE FORMS
Ex.1 Compare the use of different tense-forms to express
future actions in English.
If you come tonight, I am sure you'll have much fun.
It's Jane's birthday in August. She will be sixteen.
Phew! It's hot here. - Yes, it is. I'll turn on the air conditioning.
She said she would go to college if she did well in her exams.
I think she'll have heard all about it by the time I see her.
6. I am going to take my driving test on Wednesday.
7. Take a warm coat. It's very cloudy. I think it is going to snow.
8. Our guests arrive by the 11.50 train.
9. They are opening an exhibition here next year.
10. How long will you have been studying English by the end of the year?
Ex.2 Open the brackets using an appropriate Future tense
where necessary.
1. I (take) my sun-glasses in case it is sunny.
2. I don't think I can join you because my aunt and uncle (stay) with us this
weekend.
3. You don't work in class! I (phone) your mother about this.
4. I (watch) television from eight o'clock to midnight.
5. When you (repair) my bike, Daddy? - I (do) it tomorrow if I have time.
6. It's so crowded in here. I think, I (faint). - I (take) you outside for
a while.
7. I don't know when the concert (be) over.
8. If he doesn't come I (be) upset.
9. By the end of the summer he (teach) me to work with the computer.
10. Have a good time in Italy! - Thanks. I (send) you a postcard.
11. I think you (like) Nick when you meet him.
12. I (cook) spaghetti in case you get hungry.
This is an excellent machine which (give) you many years of service.
They (move) to a new flat next week.
This time tomorrow I (lie) on the beach.
If you ask I'm sure he (offer) to help.
What you (do) tomorrow evening?
We (visit) Vienna on Tuesday, then (go) to Paris on Wednesday and
only afterwards we (spend) a few days in London.
Either you keep quiet or I (have) to ask you to leave.
We both hope that your leg (be) better in a couple of weeks and you
(be able) to come to the wedding.
I never thought Jack (be) so much upset.
I (have) another English lesson this week.
Ex.3 Choose the correct form of the verbs.
1. Oh no! Look at the time! I'll be / I'm going to be terribly late.
2. If you want to go to the shop, you can borrow my brother's bicycle.
I'm sure he won't mind / he's not going to mind.
3. I'll go / I'm going to go into town this afternoon. Can I get you
anything?
4. Will you hold / Are you going to hold this box for a moment while
I unpack it?
5. I hear the government has announced they'll raise / they're going
to raise taxes again.
6. My car won't start: My car isn't going to start. It must be the cold,
I think.
7. I'll start / I'm going to start a new job next week.
8. I'm so sorry I forgot your birthday. Why don't you come round
tomorrow and I'll cook / I'm going to cook you a meal?
Ex.4 Put in the correct form of the verb. Task A is done for you.
A ANN - Are you two going out?
BILL - Yes, why?
ANN - It just said on the radio that it’s going to snow (it / snow).
BILL - Oh, did it? I’ll take (I / take) my big coat then.
JOE - Good idea. So will I.
B COLIN - We've run out of biscuits.
DAVE - Yeah, I know. (I / get) some this afternoon.
I've got them on my list.
C ED - Jenny's had her baby.
GAIL - Really? That's wonderful! (I / send) her some flowers.
ED - (I / visit) her this afternoon. (I / give) them to her
for you if you want.
GAIL - (you)? Thanks very much. In that case, (I / go) and
buy them right away.
D LAN - Casablanca is on at the Arts Cinema this week.
JILL - Yes. (I / see) it with Roger.
LAN - Oh.
E KEN - I haven't got a clean shirt. (you / wash) one for me?
LILY - No, (I / not). You can do your own washing.
Ex.5 Which future form would you choose in the following cases?
(Often more than one is possible)
1. We (travel) to Boston on Sunday.
2. He (go) to Manchester in May.
3. I bet she (pass) her exam.
4. I can't come to your party. I (play) in a concert that evening.
5. I (never/forget) you, I promise.
6. I (try) harder at school from now on.
7. The train (arrive) at five fifteen.
8. Look! There's George. I need to speak to him. I (see) you in a minute.
9. Oh no! Look at the fuel gauge. We (run out of) petrol.
10. She (learn) how to windsurf on holiday next year.
Ex.6 Read the following sentences and choose which is better
1. I have an appointment at the hairdresser tomorrow at 3.
I'm going to the hairdresser tomorrow /I will go to the hairdresser
tomorrow.
2. Mark is feeling very dizzy.
He faints. / He's going to faint.
3. If the sail hits the water ...
the boat will turn over/the boat is turning over.
4. - I'm hungry. - Come on, ...
we have a sandwich./let’s have a sandwich.
5. They've offered Penny a place at Bristol University!
The course is going to start in October. / The course starts in October.
6. Yvonne and Frank are playing chess this afternoon.
Frank is definitely going to win. / Frank is definitely winning.
7. I know!
I buy you a watch for your birthday! / I'll buy you a watch for
your birthday!
8. I can't quite reach that box of tissues on the top shelf.
Will you pass them to me, please? / Are you going to pass them to
me, please?
Ex.7 Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple,
the Future Perfect or the Future Perfect Continuous.
He will be hungry because he (not to eat).
We (to go) by train for two days by the time we get there.
She will be tonight as she (to work) all day.
Brian (to have) dinner when mother comes.
They (to meet) us by the time they have to leave Ukraine.
She (to work) at school for twenty years by 2001.
My sister (to study) for five years when she gets her degree.
Don't be late! They (to wait) for you in the cold.
They (to live) in this house for some months by the time we find them a new flat.
Her granny (to be) a member of the committee for three years by the time she retires.
Our children (to play) for three hours by five o'clock.
At eleven o'clock she (to sleep).
I (to be) a member of our team for seven months by the time the championship begins.
Tomorrow at this time I (to watch) television.
Her husband (to wait) for her at the airport when her plane lands.
In September they (to be) married for ten years.
Ex.8 Choose the correct form. Sometimes both are possible.
I'm not going/ I won't go to work tomorrow because it's Saturday.
I'm going to study / I'll study English here next year.
- Shall we / Will we eat out tonight?
- Good idea.
We'll go / We're going to Brazil next week. I can't wait.
What are you going to wear / are you wearing to the party?
Do you think it will rain / it's going to rain tomorrow?
A- This is heavy. B- I'll help / I help you.
I'm meeting /I meet a friend this evening.
I'm really sorry. I promise I won't do / I'm not going to do it again.
They're getting / They're going to get married in May.
Ex.9 Complete B's replies with a correct future form.
A - Sorry, Ann's not in.
B - OK. I'll call back later. (call back)
1. A - There's no milk.
B - Don't worry, I ….. some. (get)
2. A - Can we meet on Tuesday?
B - Sorry, I can't. I ….. to Brighton on Tuesday. (go)
3. A - Can we have pizza for lunch?
B - No, we ….. chicken. I've already put it in the oven. (have)
4. A - Is that the phone?
B - Yes, but don't get up. I ….. it. (answer)
5. A - Jane's put on a lot of weight!
B - She's pregnant. She ….. a baby in August. (have)
PASSIVE VOICE
Ex.1 Read the following information about the Great Pyramid
and find the passive verbs.
The Great Pyramid was built in Egypt about 5,000 years ago. It was constructed to the west of the River Nile. This area was called ‘The land of the Dead’ The Great Pyramid was made from huge blocks of limestone. The wheel had not yet been invented, so the blocks of stone were pulled from the quarry by hundreds of men on a path of wooden logs. The pyramid was designed with a solid core of limestone with four sides, and gaps were left for corridors and various rooms. It is not known exactly what the pyramids were used for, but burial chambers (where the bodies of dead Pharaohs and their family and servants were placed) have been found deep inside the pyramids. It is thought that pyramids were designed to help the Pharaoh's spirit rise up to the sun after death. The pyramids are visited by millions of people each year.
Ex.2 Read the following information about the famous ship
‘The Titanic’ and use the correct passive form of the verb
in brackets.
The Titanic ( build) in 1912. It ( design) in a new way and it ( think) to be unsinkable. Because of this, it ( not/give) enough lifeboats for the passenger and crew. The hull (damage) by a collision with a huge iceberg and it sank very fast. A total of 1,513 people ( drown) that day. Because of this disaster, new international safety laws ( pass) and the Ice Patrol ( establish) . In 1985 the wreck ( locate) on the sea bed and the ship ( explore) . Several successful films ( make) about the Titanic since then, and the most recent ( release) in 1997.
Ex.3 Make two passive sentences from each of the following
statements.
1. The chef baked a huge cake for the president's daughter.
A huge cake ........
The President's daughter.....................
2. The director of the gallery showed the journalists the new sculpture.
3. A record company offered Robbie Williams a multi-million dollar
contract recently.
4. The government granted some war veterans a pardon.
5. The academy awarded Nadia Kastelitz the state literature prize.
6. The committee gave Viktor Selivanov a gold medal for bravery.
Ex.4 Put the verbs in the correct form.
I've collected all the documents that (need) for the house sale.
Can you take them to the lawyer's office to (sign)?
Look, this is a secret. Come into the garden (not / overhear).
If you hadn't been so late for work, you (sack).
This office is very inefficient. The telephone (never / answer)
Promptly no proper records (keep), and, worst of all, no reports
(written) for weeks.
I was so worried about my garden while I was in hospital, but I
have very good neighbours. When I got home I could see that
the vegetables (water) every day and the grass (cut) regularly.
Can you come to the police station? The man who (suspect) of
stealing your wallet (arrest), and (question) at the moment.
The police hope he (identify), either by you or another witness.
We had hoped to see several famous paintings, but the gallery
(re-organised) at the time of our visit and most of the really valuable
works (move) for safe keeping.
Ex.5 Put the verbs into a suitable tense in the passive.
Mary has just arrived home from work. Neil is already there.
MARY - Hi! I’m back. Sorry I’m late.
NEIL - Hello. What kept you?
MARY - I had to use the ring road and I (stick) in a traffic jam for
forty minutes.
NEIL - Why didn't you use the usual route?
MARY - Because the road (close) until work on the access road to
the new hospital (complete).
NEIL - When is it due to (finish)?
MARY - Well, the access road (open) by the Mayor next week, according
to the newspaper, and the Health Minister (invite) to open the
hospital on the same day, but they don't know yet whether she's
definitely coming.
NEIL - A lot of money (waste) if she doesn't come.
MARY- Why's that?
NEIL - Haven't you seen all those rose bushes that (plant) round
the hospital?
MARY - So? They'll be lovely for the patients.
NEIL - But the patients won't be able to see them, because they're
round the entrance, and the wards look on in the other direction.
A lot of people protested about it, but all their complaints
(ignore) until it was too late.
MARY - If they had money to spare, it (spend) on facilities for patients,
not on making the front look pretty for the Minister.
NEIL - Absolutely. It’s typical of this local council. They (elect) tо
save money, but they do just the opposite.
MARY - Perhaps they (throw) out at the next election.
NEIL - I hope so. Now, are you ready for supper?
Ex.6 Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some
are past.
1. Ask about the telephone, (when/invent?)
When was the telephone invented?
2. Ask about glass, (how/make?)
3. Ask about Australia, (when/discover?)
4. Ask about silver, (what/use for?)
5. Ask about television, (when/invent?)
Ex.7 Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple,
active or passive.
It's a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) there.
2. Water (cover) most of the Earth's surface.
3. Most of the Earth's surface (cover) by water.
4. The park gates (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.
5. The letter (post) a week ago and it (arrive) yesterday.
6. The boat (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue).
7. Ron's parents (die) when he was very young. He and his sister (bring) up
by their grandparents.
8. I was born in London but I (grow) up in the north of England.
9. While I was on holiday, my camera ( steal) from my hotel room.
10. While I was on holiday, my camera (disappear) from my hotel room.
11. Why (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it?
12. Why (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?
13. The company is not independent. It (own) by a much larger company.
14. I saw an accident last night. Somebody (call) an ambulance but
nobody (injure) so the ambulance (not/need).
15. Where (these photographs/take)? In London? (you/take) them?
READ AND PRACTICE
Practice the conversations
Ex.1
A LONG-DISTANCE TELEPHONE CALL
A - Hi, Jack. This is Jim. I'm calling from Miami.
B - From Miami? What are you doing in Miami?
A - I'm on vacation.
B - How's the weather in Miami? Is it sunny?
A - No, it isn't. It's cloudy.
B - Is it hot?
A - No, it isn't. It's cold.
B - Are you having a good time?
A - No, I'm not. I'm having a TERRIBLE time. The weather is
TERRIBLE here.
B - I'm sorry to hear that.
You're on vacation and the weather is terrible. Call your friend. Use the conversation above as a guide.
A - Hi, ….. This is…..I'm calling from …..
B - From ….. ? What are you doing in …..?
A - I'm on vacation.
B - How's the weather in…..? Is it….. ?
A - No, it isn't. It's …..
B - Is it….. ?
A - No, it isn't. It's …..
B - Are you having a good time?
A - No, I'm not. I am having a TERRIBLE time. The weather is
TERRIBLE here.
B - I'm sorry to hear that.
|
Switzerland |
Honolulu |
|
cool? |
hot? |
|
snowing? |
sunny? |
Ex.2
A - What are you doing?!
B - I'm washing the dishes in the bathtub.
A - That's strange! Do you USUALLY wash the dishes in the bathtub?
B - No. I NEVER wash the dishes in the bathtub, but I’m washing
the dishes in the bathtub TODAY.
A - Why are you washing the dishes in the bathtub?
B - Because my SINK is broken.
A - I'm sorry to hear that.
sleep 2. cook
sleeping on the floor cooking on the radiator
bed stove
3. study
4. shout
studying English by shouting to my neighbour candlelight across the street
lamp telephone
A - What are you doing?!
B - I'm …..
A - That's strange! Do you USUALLY…..?
B - No, I NEVER ….. , but I'm…..TODAY.
A - Why are you……?
B - Because my…..is broken.
A - I'm sorry to hear that.
Ex.3
A - Hello. May I please speak to Mr. Armstrong?
B - This is Mr. Armstrong. Can I help you?
A - Yes. There's something wrong with my kitchen sink and I need
a good plumber who can come over and fix it as soon as possible.
B - Where do you live?
A - I live at 156 Grove Street in Centerville.
B - I can come over tomorrow at four o'clock. Is that O.K.?
A - Not really. I’m afraid I won't be home tomorrow at four o'clock.
I'll be taking my son to the dentist. Can you come at any other time?
B - Not this week. I'm really busy. I won't be able to come over until
some time next week.
A - That's too late. I guess I'll have to call somebody else.
Thank you anyway.
B - Good-bye.
A - Good-bye.
A - Hello. May I please speak to (Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.) ?
B - This is (Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms.)….. Can I help you?
A - Yes. There's something wrong with my …..and I need a good …..
who can come over and fix it as soon as possible.
B - Where do you live?
A - I live at….. in…..
B - I can come over tomorrow at…..o'clock. Is that O.K.?
A - Not really. I'm afraid I won't be home tomorrow at ….. o'clock.
I'll be ….. ing. Can you come at any other time?
B - Not this week. I'm really busy.
I won't be able to come over until some time next week.
A - That's too late. I guess I'll have to call somebody else. Thank you
anyway.
B.- Good-bye.
A - Good-bye.
1. electrician 2. TV repairman
3. piano tuner 4. plumber
Ex.4
A - Hello, Richard. This is Julie. I want to return the tennis racket I
borrowed from you last week. Will you be home today at about
five o'clock?
B - Yes, I will. I'll be cooking dinner.
A - Oh, well. Then I won't come over at five.
B - Why not?
A - I don't want to disturb you. You'll be cooking dinner!
B - Don't worry. You won't disturb me.
A - O.K. I'll see you at five.
A - Hello,….. This is …..
I want to return the….. I borrowed from you last week.
Will you be home today at about…..o'clock?
B - Yes, I will. I'll be….. ing.
A - Oh, well. Then I won't come over at…..
B - Why not?
A - I don't want to disturb you. You'll be….. ing!
B - Don't worry. You won't disturb me.
A - O.K. I'll see you at …..
1. book 2. record
doing the laundry watching my favorite
TV program
3. hammer 4. coffee pot
helping my son knitting
with his
homework
REVISION
Ex.1 Put in is/are/ was/were/did/have/has.
Where….. your shoes made?
…..you go out last night?
What…..you doing at 10.30?
Where…..your mother born?
…..Barbara gone home?
What time…..she go?
When…..these houses built?
…..Jim arrived yet?
9.Why…..you go home early?
10. How long…..they been married?
11. Joe….. lost his passport.
12. This bridge….. built ten years ago.
13.….. you finished your work yet?
14. This town is always clean. The streets….. cleaned every day.
15. Where….. you born?
16. I….. just made some coffee. Would….. you like some?
17. Glass….. made from sand.
18. This is a very old photograph. It….. taken a long time ago.
19. Joe….. bought a new car.
Ex2 Choose the correct answer
A
1. They ….. the trip for two months.
A have been planning B plan C are planning
2. Watch out! You….. your head on the cupboard door!
A will bump B bump C are going to bump
3. They…..to that restaurant every Saturday for lunch.
A goes B go C are going
4. He….. that book four times already.
A has read B is reading C reads
5. Sally….. breakfast when the parcel arrived.
A has B is having C was having
6. I think I ….. some letters this afternoon.
A will write B write C am writing
7. By the time I got to the station , the train…..
A left B had left C was leaving
8. He…..on the car all morning.
A is working B has been working C works
9. By the time they got to the shop, it …..
A is closing B had already closed C closed
10. When the plane landed in London it …..
A was snowing B snowed C snows
11. I think I…..to the gym tomorrow.
A go B will go C am going
12. Jonathan….. in the garden at the moment.
A played B plays C is playing
13. Patricia….. three letters this week.
A has written B writes C has been writing
14. He….. home ten minutes ago.
A has arrived B arrived C was arriving
B
1. They usually…..for lunch on Tuesday.
A are meeting B have met C meet
2. I …..long hair, but now it's short.
A was having B used to have C didn't use to have
3.At 8 o'clock this morning I…..for the train.
A was waiting B waited C have waited
4.He ….. dinner by the time she got home.
A has already eaten B ate C had already eaten
5.Ted ….. on the phone when his mother arrived.
A had been talking B was talking C talked
6. They ….. to London for a business meeting tomorrow.
A would go B go C are going
7. The rain stopped and the sun….. out again.
A was coming B had come C came
8. They…..the house for six months now.
A are building B have been building C have built
C
1. Billy always…..his bedroom on Sundays.
A is tidying B tidies C tidy
2. At 5 o'clock yesterday afternoon Tim….. coffee with his friends.
A was drinking B drank C drinks
3. The train stopped and all the passengers….. off.
A had got B got C were getting
4. Julie ….. on the phone for twenty minutes now.
A is talking B has talked C has been talking
5. The sun ….. in the west.
A sets B is setting C set
6. They…..camping every summer, but now they don't.
A didn't use to go B were going C used to go
7. He'll buy a car as soon as he…..enough money.
A will save B save C saves
8. I…..for you for two hours. You're late!
A am waiting B wait C have been waiting
Ex.3 Open the brackets using the appropriate tense-forms.
By the time I (get) to the station the train (leave).
Patrick's mother (be) very angry when he (come) home late because she
(worry) about him all evening.
The children (start) a fire. They (play) with matches.
Brenda (disappear) before 1 (have) time to talk to her.
Bruce (go) to hospital because he (cut) his hand while he (try) to mend
a broken window.
It (be) more than a month before I (realize) what (happen).
When Jack (not/arrive) by 6 p.m. I (know) he (miss) the bus.
When 1 (meet) him he (work) as a plumber for a year or so.
We scarcely (start) eating when there (be) another scream.
We (look) through the agreement before we (sign) it.
I (be) very pleased when my son (find) my watch because we (look) for
it for hours.
Nina (think) she (leave) her purse in a locker in the changing room the
day before.
I (wake) up and (look) out of the window. Everything (be) white. It
(snow) all night.
Not until I (look) at my watch did I realize how much time (pass).
Karen (admit) that she (make) a mistake and (apologize).
Isabel (send) a postcard to the girl she (make) friends with while she
(attend) a language course.
They (run) out of petrol because Paul (use) the car several times before.
When we (get) to the airport we (hear) that they (cancel) all the flights.
When our teacher (see) what Tom (do) she (be) absolutely furious.
20. My old watch (work) very well for many years before I (drop) it.
21. I (run) out of money but luckily I (be) able to borrow enough to get
home.
I (have) to be early the next morning, so I (excuse) myself and (leave)
the party.
He (keep) his job although the manager (threaten) to sack him several
times.
When Mr. Grab (come) out of the water, he (find) that somebody (take)
all his clothes.
After the movie (finish) they (decide) to get something to eat.
Many modern medicines were not invented by western scientists but
by tribal people who (use) them for generations before Europeans (arrive).
It was not surprising that she (start) getting a bad toothache. She
(not/go) to the dentist for two years.
Her work (look) really neat because she (use) the computer.
The chairman's main fault was that he persistently (interrupt) the
speakers before they (finish).
After she (dress) and (eat) her breakfast, Linda (rush) off to her office
for a meeting with her accountant.
Peter already (see) that musical before he (read) the review about it.
When I (go) into the room I could smell cigarette smoke. Obviously
somebody (smoke) in there.
Because Jasper (make) an appointment with his dentist beforehand
he (hope) he wouldn't have to wait long, although there (be) a lot of
people in the waiting-room when he (arrive).
By the time Bill (leave) school, he (speak) good French and German.
When he (be) at university he (learn) Italian and Spanish.
Yesterday Jenny (send) me a very apologetic letter explaining why she
(not/do) what she (promise).
Ann only (work) there for a few days when she (decide) to leave.
The bank (tell) me last week there (be) no money in my account.
I (spend) it all.
The label (come) off the tin and I didn't know how to cook the meat.
Ex.4 Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.