Данилова_Английский_язык_Пособие134_copy

УДК621.86:69.057.7(075.8)

Рецензент ст. преподаватель В. А. Памфилова (СПбГАСУ)

Английский язык: учеб.-метод. пособие / сост. Л. Р. Данилова;

СПбГАСУ. – СПб., 2013. – 91 с.

Пособие предназначено для аудиторного чтения для студентов II курса по направлению подготовки 190109 – наземные транспортно-технологичес- кие средства, для развития навыков технического перевода со словарем и без словаря. В пособии использованы тексты, взятые из оригинальной литературы.

Каждый урок включает тексты, лексические и грамматические упражнения, лексику по данному направлению подготовки.

Санкт-Петербургскийгосударственный архитектурно-строительныйуниверситет,2013

Unit 1

Grammar: Tenses;

Parts of Speech

Text A

SUCTION EXCAVATOR

A suction excavator or vacuum excavator is a construction vehicle that removes earth or heavy debris from various places by powerful suction through a wide suction pipe.

Thesuction inlet air speedmaybe up to 100metres/second (224 mph).The suctionnozzle mayhave twohandlesforaman toholdit by.Those handles maybeonacollarwhichcanberotatedtouncoversuction-releaseopenings (with grilles over) in order to makethe suction nozzle drop anythingwhich it has picked up and which is too big to go up the tube. The end of the tube maybetoothed.Thishelpstocutearthwhenusedforexcavating;butwhen it is used to suck up loose debris and litter, some types of debris items may stuck in the teeth. The earth to be sucked out may be loosened first with a compressed-air or a powerful water jet.

The suctionunitis oftenrectangular-shapedand is usuallymountedandused on the back of a truck which must have power takeoffs to run the suction unit’s air impeller and hydraulics. When it is emptying its load out, the spoil tank lid (with the hose connection) hinges off to the right, and then the spoil tank (with the filters) tips about 90° over to the left to tip its load out.

Suction excavators are useful to remove earth from around existing underground services or tree roots with much less risk of damaging them than using a conventional excavator with a metal scoop. This type of excavationisconsideredtobeasafeandefficientformofexcavation.Using a powerful vacuum and high pressure water, precise holes, trenches and tunnels canbecut totherequiredsize andproportion.Becausecompressed air or water is used to loosen the earth, the risk of damaging underground utilities is less and contractors can safely find and expose them. This type of excavating is quickly becoming recognized as one of the best practices when working in areas with underground utility congestion and frozen ground.Hydroexcavationlessenstheriskofdamagingutilities,whichmay often be inaccurately mapped and located and marked on the surface. A suction excavator is useful in bulk excavation in confined areas, where its suction hose can reach in over or through barriers. It can be used on

railways (perhaps mounted on a railroad car base) to suck old track ballast off the track when re-ballasting the track. It can be used as a very heavyduty vacuum cleaner to pick up miscellaneous debris, e.g. rubble, or big accumulations of fallen leaves or litter. It can suck up liquids, e.g. water from a hollow. The use of vacuum/suction excavators is very versatile, for example – they are capable of excavating up to 140m horizontally and up to 20m depth depending on the type of material being excavated.

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions:

1.How does a suction excavator remove earth or debris?

2.What is the suction inlet air speed?

3.How can the suction be released?

4.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a toothed suction pipe?

5.What is used to loosen the earth?

6.Why is vacuum excavation considered to be the best practice in congested and confined areas?

Exercise2.Definethepartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandtranslate them:

Suction, various, powerful,loosen,stationary,cleaner,usually, connection, useful, efficient, pressure, conventional, proportion, classify, utility, contractor,safely,congestion,lessen,quickly,inaccurately,capable,smaller, horizontally,cylindrical,various,maneuverability,different,configuration, identify, locator.

Exercise3.Definethetenseofthepredicatesandtranslatethefollowing sentences:

1.Suctionreleaseopenings makethesuctionnozzle dropanythingwhich it has picked up.

2.RSP Gmbhhas beenmakingsuction excavators andstationarysuction units since 1993 but the old type of suction street cleaner vehicle has been used for much longer.

3.MTS Mobile is producing a new type of excavators.

4.Excavator manufacturer Capelotto was founded in 1953 and is based in Treviso in Italy.

5.In Siena RPS’s excavator removed about 150 cubic metres of debris which had been dumped in old tunnels.

6.Vacuum excavation will loosen the soil which is to be removed.

7.Locators will be used to identify all underground utilities.

8.Vacuum excavation is now being preferred in many states and municipalities.

Exercise 4. Translate Text B without a dictionary and answer the questions:

Text B

SUCTION EXCAVATORS MANUFACTURERS

The USAfirm Ditch Witch makes 4 models of suction excavators: FX20, FX25,FX30,FX60;thenumberisitsapproximatehorsepower.Itismounted on a semitrailer. It has its own engine (petrol for FX20, the others have diesel). Its spoil tank is cylindrical with rounded ends. Its suction hose is 3 inches diameter inside (but the FX60 can take 4-inch-diameter suction hose). Its spoil tank can be supplied in various sizes.

Airex GB Ltd in the UK makes two current models of vacuum excavator: AX-68 andAX-180.Bothsystems are mountedontheback of rigid7.5-ton trucks, designed for use in inner-city streets. The smaller design of these trucks gives less impact on their surroundings. The AX-68 uses a 4-inch hose but the AX-180 uses an 8-inch hose which can remove a tonne of earth in six minutes.

Ring-O-Matic, Inc. in the U.S. makes several different models of gasoline anddieselvacuumexcavationunits.Theyofferbothtrailermountedandskid mountedmodels.Spoiltanksrangeinsizefrom150gallonupto2000gallon. Vac-TronEquipment,LLC intheU.S.makesmorethan50modelsofhydro excavationanddryexcavationgasolineanddieselvacuumexcavators.They offertrailermountedandskidmountedoptions.Spoiltankscomeinvarious sizes and configurations. Low profile increases maneuverability and they can be towed by as small as a half-ton pickup truck.

Cappelotto makes various powered cleansing equipment including CAPGEO (a model of suction excavator). Its arm is said to reach 7 meters and to swivel 250 degrees.

Notes:

rigid - жёсткий; твердый impact - влияние, воздействие

1.What firms are the main suction excavators manufacturers?

2.What capacity do Ditch Witch excavators have?

3.What use areAX-68 andAX-180 excavators designed for?

4.What models does Ring-O-Matic, Inc. offer?

5.How is maneuverability of the excavators produced by Vac-Tron Equipment, LLC increased?

6.What features does Cappelotto’s excavator arm have?

Exercise 5. Translate Text C with a dictionary and make grammar analysis:

Text C

McLAUGHLINVACUUM EXCAVATORS

1.The newest vacuum excavator introduction by McLaughlin meets a growing market demand for more powerful air vacuums, but by still combininga water vacuum system offers a more complete on-site solution for contractors. 2. The Xtreme line of combination air/water vacuum excavators was introduced as the first McLaughlin-made machine to use a blower rated at 1,200 cfm. 3. Company’s president Dave Gasmovic said that theyhadbeenproducingvacuumexcavatorsfor14years. 4. “Whatwe have seen as vacuums have been developing is that most of them were hydrovacs(vacuumexcavators),butnowwhenwaterisbecomingascarcer resource more and more people prefer air vacuuming,” says he. 5. “Air breaks up a lot quicker than water does, so we have made a combination air-water vac.” 6. “The 1,200 cfm unit gives you a lot more air speed to move the material out of the hole, and lets youdigfaster. 7. It has a built-in air compressor, so you don’t have to have a second compressor on the job, and it still does have a water system, because some ground conditions just don’t allow you to dig with air.” 8. The Xtreme vacuum excavator uses a three-stage filtration system that, while accommodating wet vacuuming excavation also, spins the dry material as it comes out of the tank, taking thedust outandleavingverylittlefinal materialinthefinalfilter. 9.“When youdoairvacuuming,you’reabletoputthematerialbackintheholeyou’ve done the excavation from,” says Gasmovic, “or at least even if you have to bring in clean backfill, it’s easier to dispose of dry material than wet one.” 10.Poweredbya99-horsepowerKubotadieselengine,theXtremelinehas a water systemratedat 5.6gallonsperminute and3,000pounds persquare inch of pressure. 11. The unit has a 500-gallon spoil tank. 12. “The only thing you may want different is to use a larger spoil tank, to be able to stay on the job longer before you have to dump,” says Gasmovic. 13. Tanks holding800 and1,200gallonsare available.14.Thecombinationair/water vacuum excavator is available in either a traileror skid-mounted configuration.

1.Superlative and comparative degree; noun groups; ing-forms.

2.Noun groups; Participle II (function); Infinitive (function).

3.Sequence of Tenses.

4.Main and subordinate clauses and their predicates; as (function).

5.Predicates; does (function).

6.Comparative degree; Infinitive (function).

7.Infinitive (function); have (function); do, does (function).

8.That (function); Participle I (function).

9.Modal verbs; one (function).

10.Noun groups; Participle II (function).

11.Noun group.

12.Modal verbs; comparative degree; Infinitive (function).

13.Participle I (function).

14.Noun group; is (function).

Unit 2

Grammar: Modal Verbs;

Conversion.

Text A

TRENCHER

I

A trencher is a machine used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or cables and for installing drainage.

Trencherscomeindifferentsizesandmayusedifferentdiggingimplements, depending on the required width and depth of the trench and the hardness of the surface tobe cut.Theyare usuallycrawler-mountedtoincrease their stability and to distribute the weight over a great area. But they may be mounted on rubber tyres as well. Trenchers must be handled with extreme care because they are very dangerous equipment.

There are different kinds of trenchers and according to the type of their working member they are classified into wheel and chain trenchers. The workingmemberof both wheeland chaintypes canbe of amulti-bucket or bucketless design.

Wheel trencher.

Wheel-typetrenchingmachinesareavailablewithmaximumcuttingdepths exceeding 8 ft, with trench widths varying from 12 in to 60 in. Many of them are available with 25 or more digging speeds.

Theexcavatingpartofamulti-buckettrencherconsistsofawheelonwhich are mounted a number of removable buckets equipped with cutting teeth. Themachineisoperatedbyloweringtherotatingwheeltothedesireddepth, while the unit moves forward slowly.The earth is pickedup bythe buckets and deposited onto an endless belt conveyor which can be adjusted to discharge the earth on either side of the trench.

The cutting elements (6 to 8 depending on the diameter) are placed around the wheel, and have the teeth which are more or less dense depending on thegroundtheywillencounter.Thesetoolscanbeeasilychangedmanually, andadjustedtoallowdifferent cuttingwidths onthesame wheel.The teeth are placed in a semi-spherical configuration to increase the removal of the materials from the trench. The teeth are made of high strength steel. When themachineisunderheavyuse,theteethmayneedtobereplacedfrequently, even daily.

A wheel trencher without buckets or rockwheel is composed of a toothed metalwheel.Itcanworkinhardorsoftsoils.Itisalsousedtocutpavement for road maintenance and to gain access to utilities under roads. Due to its design the wheel mayreachvariable cuttingdepths with the sametool, and can keep a constant working angle with a relatively small wheel diameter (whichreducestheweight and thereforethepressure totheground, andthe height of the unit for transport).

II

Chain trencher

The excavating part of a chain-type trenching machine consists of two endlesschainswhichtravelalongaroundedmetalframeoraboomtowhich are attached cutter buckets equipped with teeth. As the buckets travel up the underside of the boom they bring out earth and deposit it on a belt conveyor which discharges it along either side of the trench. By installing extensions to the boom and by adding more buckets or chain links, it is possible to dig trenches in excess of 30 ft deep with the large machines. Trench widths more than 12 ft may be dug.

A bucketless chain trencher with a digging chain can cut ground that is too hardtocutwithabucket-typeunit,andcanalsocutnarrowanddeeptrenches. Theangleoftheboomcanbeadjustedtocontrolthedepthofthecut.Tocut a trench,theboom isheldata fixed anglewhilethe machinecreeps slowly.

Micro trencher

Amicrotrencheris asmall rockwheelspeciallydesignedforworkinurban areas. It is fitted with a cutting wheel that cuts a microtrench with smaller dimensions than can be achieved with conventional trench digging equipment. The trench dimensions are widths ranging from about 30 mm to 130 mm, and a maximum depth of about 500 mm. These machines are sometimesradio-controlled.Withamicrotrencher,thestructureoftheroad is maintained and there is no associated damage to the road. Owing to the reducedtrenchsize,thevolumeofwastematerialexcavatedisalsoreduced. Microtrenchersareusedtominimizetrafficorpedestriandisturbanceduring network laying. They can work on sidewalks or in narrow streets of cities, and can cut harder ground than a chain trencher, including cutting through solidstone.Theyarealsousedtocutpavementforroadmaintenanceandto gain access to utilities under roads.

Portable trencher

Landscapersandlawncarespecialists mayuseaportabletrenchertoinstall landscape edging and irrigation lines. These machines are lightweight

(around 200 pounds) and are easily maneuverable comparedto other types of trenchers. The cutting implement may be a chain or a blade similar to a rotary lawn mower blade oriented so that it rotates in a vertical plane.

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions:

1.What is a trencher used for?

2.What does the use of different digging implements depend on?

3.What types of trenchers are there?

4.How many cutting elements do the wheel trenchers have?

5.What is the angle of the chain trencher boom changed for?

6.How can the excavated material be removed?

7.Where can a micro trencher work?

8.How much does a portable trencher weigh?

Exercise2.Translatethefollowingsentencespayingattentiontomodal verbs:

1.Trenchers must be handled with extreme care.

2.A wheel trencher will be able to work both in hard and soft soils.

3.The wheel of a trencher may reach various cutting depths.

4.The tools can be easily changed manually.

5.The teeth of a cutting memberare to be made of highstrengthsteel.

6.When the machine is much used, the teeth have to be replaced very often.

7.Wheel trenchers may be mounted on tracks or rubber tyres.

8.The type of a trenching machine should be chosen according to the site conditions.

9.Selecting a trench excavation method one must take into account the type of soil.

10.A trencher was combined with a drainage pipe feeder unit and a backfillersothedraincouldbeplacedandthe trench couldbefilled in one pass.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the underlined words:

1.Trenchers may range in size from attachments for a tractor to very heavy tracked equipment.

2.The range of the trench widths is from 30mm to 130mm.

3.The unit was used to trench for large diameter water pipes.

4.With a micro trencher there is no damage to the road.

5.Heavy tracks can damage the pavement.

6.Theangle ofthe boom can beadjusted tocontrolthe depthof the cut.

7.Precise control is necessary to cut trenches in confined areas.

8.The teeth are placed ina semi-spherical configuration to increase the removal of the material.

9.The increase in productivity is very important.

10.The place should be cleaned before the work starts.

Exercise 4. Translate Text B without a dictionary and answer the questions:

Text B

DITCH WITCH RT80 TRENCHER

RT80trencherisnowavailableinQuadtrackconfiguration,whichfeatures a three-speed ground drive. Heavy-duty undercarriage and components includeaxlecapacityof39,000poundsstaticloadratingandbreakoutforce of30,742pounds.Trackframespivotabouttheaxle’scenterlineforstability, especiallyinmuddyconditionsorwhenapplyinghightorquetopullthrough hard ground. The trencher has an 83-horsepower engine.

Standard features include rear steering, which helps to improve maneuverability on tight job sites, and cruise control, which enables the operator to maintain optimal digging performance regardless of ground conditions.

Replacing the RT560 with 51 horsepower, the RT600 trencher provides 65 horsepowerwithits3.3-literTier4-ICumminsdiesel.RTX150walk-behind trencher has a 20-horsepower Kohler gas engine and digs to 36 inches. Machine can use tires or tracks, and tracks oscillate up to 20 degrees for traction on unevenground.VermeerVZsteeringsystemallows steeringby applying light pressure to the handlebars, which eliminates the need for additional steering levels or wheels at the operator’s station. Zero-turning radius will counter rotate from a stationary position.

1.What configuration is RT80 trencher available in?

2.How many speeds does the drive have?

3.When is stability especially important?

4.What is the capacity of the engine?

5.What do standard trencher features include?

6.What running gear can machine use?

7.How is the need for additional steering levels eliminated?

Exercise 5. Translate Text C with a dictionary and make grammar analysis:

Text C

IMPROVEMENTS IN TRENCHING MACHINES

1. Over the past 10 years, the utility industry has been so attracted by the rapidly developing directional-boring business that it may have been easy tooverlooksteadyimprovementsmadeinsmalltrenchers.2.Astheeconomy hasbeenthereasonforchoosingtrenchlessmethods,trenchermanufacturers have reacted by bringing some important changes to the trencher drives in less-than-100-horsepower machines.

3.The most effective, recentchanges intrencherspecifications involve the drive system that turns the chain. 4.The secret to trencher productivityand durability is matching the chain speed to the soil conditions and ground speed. 5. Most ground drives are hydrostatic or hydraulic, both of which offer infinitely variable ground speeds.

6.The industry started with mechanical drives to transmit power from the enginetothetrencherchain,buthydrostaticdriveshavegainedinpopularity.

7.Of the 53 models of chain trenchers currently available with under-100- hpengines,19arehydrostatic.8.Variablespeedwithconstantpoweroutput is themain advantage which allows the operator to improve chain speed to match conditions.

9.The flexibilityof transmittingdrive powerthroughhydraulic fluidoffers the ability to build machines with sliding offsets, so the trencher bar can shift left or right to reach out near the machine’s edge.

10.Hydraulic drives, of course, use a pump and motor to transmit power, buttheyuseanopen-loopsystemwherehydraulicfluiddrainstothereservoir after leaving the motor. 11. Hydrostatics typically have a pressurized drain circuit that goes from the motor directly back to the pump. 12. Very few small trenchers are expected to do high-production work over long shifts.

13.Inextremeconditions,someofthefirstgenerationofhydrostatictrencher drives had problems with overheating and maintaining productivity. 14. Today’s trencher product managers admit that they have accumulated invaluable experience with hydrostats, and the manufacturers are showing practicalwisdom inthe designs of coolingandfiltrationsystems. 15. Some ofthetrencherownersbeingagainsthydrostats,thereappearedasignificant technologychallengeintotheunder-100-hptrencherclassalittlemorethan a year ago. 16. Ditch Witch introduced the RT70 and RT90 with optional improved powershift transmissions. 17.The powershift is an adaptation of

the clutchless mechanical transmission common in tractors, which allows the operator to change gears without interrupting power.

1.Predicates (tense); Participle I (function).

2.As (meaning); less (meaning); Gerund (function).

3.Degree of comparison.

4.Predicate (tense); noun groups.

5.Superlative degree.

6.Infinitive (function); ed-forms.

7.Predicate (tense).

8.Complex Object.

9.Gerund (function); Infinitive (function); Modal verb.

10.Subordinate clause; Gerund (function).

11.Adverbs; that (function).

12.Complex Subject.

13.Ing-forms.

14.Predicates (tense); Participle I (function); “s” (meaning).

15.Absolute Participle Construction.

16.Ed-forms.

17.Complex Object; adjectives with suffixes; Gerund (function).

Unit 3

Grammar: Degrees of Comparison.

Text A

ARTICULATED HAULER

An articulated hauler is a type of dump truck used to transport loads over rough terrain. The vehicle usually has all-wheel drive and consists of two basic units.The first is generallycalled the tractor.The second rear section is called the hauler or trailer section and contains the dump body. Steering ismadebypivotingthefrontinrelationtothe backbyhydraulicrams.This way all the wheels follow the same path, making it an excellent off-road vehicle. Manufacturers include Caterpillar, Terex, John Deere/Bell Equipment, Moxy/Doosan and Volvo . With half of global sales Volvo is the market leader in the segment, also being the vehicles prime pioneer enabling its introduction to the markets in 1966. Although first used as a soil and aggregate transporter (dumper), the chassis have since been used for many other applications

The permanently attached trailer cannot move vertically in relation to the tractor, but can rotate and swing in the horizontal plane. The operator has a conventionalsteeringwheelthat actuateshydraulic cylinders that pushand pull the tractor relative to thetrailer. The tractor and the trailersections can move at great angles to each other allowing a small turning radius. The trailer axles are driven by a drive shaft. The usual twin back axles are combined in a separate frame that can pivot in relation to the trailer frame, keeping all wheels on the ground, but until recently always unsprung. Likewise the occasional single back axles usually are unsprung, while the frontaxleshavesuspensiontogivetheoperatorabetterride.Thereinforced cabsometimesalsohassprings,asisdoneinmoderncab-over-enginetrucks, asisthedriver’sseat.Thesectionscantwistinrelationtoeachother,making the back tires follow the same path as the front tires. This provides for excellentoff-roadcapabilities incombinationwithall-wheeldrive.Thetop speed is limited at 55–60 km/h and the loading capacity is ranging from just below 25 to a little over 40 tonnes.

Active Vocabulary:

hauler - грузовой автомобиль rough - грубый, неровный

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions:

1.Whatfeaturesmakeanarticulatedhauleranexcellentoff-roadvehicle?

2.What company is the leading manufacturer of articulated haulers?

3.How can the trailer move in relation to the tractor?

4.What is the loading capacity of an articulated hauler?

Exercise 2. Give the comparative and the superlative degree of the following adjectives:

Powerful, wide, big, loose, useful, little, safe, efficient, high, precise, different,dangerous,dense,heavy,soft,hard,small,possible,many,narrow, deep, good, muddy, far, maneuverable, optimal ,rough.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences:

1.Doosan DA30 has the engine with 8 percent more power than MT31.

2.The transmission has eight forward and four reverse speeds for better traction.

3.Trencher manufacturers have made some important improvements to the trencher drives in less-than-100-horsepower machines.

4.The most aggressive, recent changes in trencher specifications involve the drive system.

5.Hydrostatics,andevenlessexpensivehydraulicdrives,aremoredifficult to damage when the trencher bar is in the ground.

6.Hydrostats tend to be more efficient than hydraulics working at higher pressures over time.

7.As component manufacturers have become more competitive with smaller hydrostatic systems, Burkeen and Vermeer have introduced trenchers into the 15-hp range with hydrostatic drives.

8.Hydrostatic drives have gained productivity thanks to larger reservoirs, better radiators and more efficient cooling fans.

9.Theheavier theload andthe rougherthe terrain, themore youwill need to improve the chassis and suspension.

Exercise 4. Translate Text B without a dictionary and answer the questions:

Text B

NEWTYPES OFARTICULATED HAULERS

Doosan DA30 ADT (articulated dump truck) is redesigned with a 365horsepower Tier 4-Interim engine with 8 percent more power than the predecessor MT31. Torque has been changed to 1,381 ft.-lb. at 1,300 rpm, a 28-percent increase. Top speed is now 34.2 mph for the truck. The transmission has eight forward and four reverse speeds, and improves the transfer of power to the wheels for better traction. It has permanent sixwheel drive. A special articulation system includes an articulation hinge positioned behind the turning ring to provide equal weight distribution to front wheels.

Terex TA400 Generation 9 articulated truck has a 444-horsepower Scania DC13 diesel. Maximum payload is 41.0 tons, and capacity is 30.3 cubic yards. Engine torque at 1,350 rpm is 1,548 ft.-lb., and it is paired with a fullyautomaticAllisontransmission.Dualretardersystems,atransmission retarder and an exhaust brake, give an operator control in loaded downhill hauls.Truckhaspermanentall-wheel-driveandequalizingrearsuspension. The cab has reduced interior noise levels, improved air conditioning, and standard rear-view camera.

HM400-3 ADT is powered by a 469 horsepower, Tier 4-Interim Komatsu SAA6D140E-6 engine. The truck can haul up to 44.1 tons, or 40 metric tons, atits maximumground speedof 34.7mph. Comparedtothe HM400- 2, bodycapacityandpayloadhave beenincreased.Thearticulated hauler’s 10 foot 5 inch-loading height matches 40-to-60-ton excavators or wheel loaders in the range of 5.5 to 7.5 cubic yards. The ADT has the Komatsu

Traction Control System, which has speed sensors located on four wheels that detect tire slippage, after which automatic application of the inter-axle differentiallockoccurs.Thefullyautomatictransmissionusesanadvanced electronicsystem.Thesystemautomaticallyselectsthegearbasedonvehicle speed, engine speed, and shift position selected. The Komatsu Equipment ManagementMonitoringSystem(EMMS)hasdiagnosticfeaturesthatgive the operator and technicians greater capabilities. EMMS continually monitors all critical systems, preventative maintenance schedule, and provides troubleshootingassistance to minimize diagnosis and repair time.

1.1.How is DA30 articulated hauler redesigned compared to its predecessor MT31?

2.What features does a special articulation system have?

3.Whatare the mainworkingcharacteristics ofTerexTA400Generation 9 articulated truck?

4.How was the cab of TA400 improved?

5.When does the inter-axle differential lock occur?

6.What is EMMS used for?

Exercise 5. Translate Text C with a dictionary and make grammar analysis:

Text C

ARTICULATED HAULERSAND RIGID DUMPTRUCKS

1.Articulated haulers are excellent in hauling material over rough terrain.

2.They are rugged and are built to handle great inclines and slippery conditions. 3. This is their main advantage over rigid haulers, which excel in carrying capacity. 4. While an articulated hauler can take no more than

40metrictonnes,therearemodelsofrigidhaulers(haulerswithconventional front steeringand rear-wheel drive) that can carry up to 400 tonnes. 5.The