18.4. Exercises
Ответьте на вопросы.
1. What are passengers filled with when the aircraft nears its final destination?
Why does the activity on the flight deck increase?
What are approach and landing?
How must approach procedures be accomplished?
What are the functions of the radar air traffic controller?
Why does the long, rigid body of the airliner act like a teeter-totter combined with a roller coaster?
Why is the crew is careful during the flight?
What are spoilers designed for?
Why must the cabin pressurization be slowly and continuously adjusted?
When is the landing gear extended?
What is the additional drag from the landing gear used to?
Why is landing the most complex maneuver?
13.How does the landing gear shock strut assist the softening the touchdown?
14.When is landing accomplished automatically?
What does the smoothness with which all of these changes accomplished mean?
2. Переведите следующие предложения с опорой на текст.
1. Работа на борту самолета усиливается, когда экипаж готовится к начальному этапу снижения.
2. Approach and landing is by far the most critical phase of the flight.
3. В соответствии с нормами безопасности, подход к зоне аэродрома должен проходить с высокой степенью точности.
4. The long, rigid body of the airliner acts like a teeter-totter combined with a roller coaster.
5. Хотя качели и американские горки – это веселье и смех, экипаж авиалайнера старается не подвергать пассажиров таким ощущениям.
6. By reducing the throttles and actuating the spoilers to reduce the lift of the wings, the aircraft can begin descending without the nose being pitched downward.
7. Эффект качания уменьшается при использовании интерцептеров, которые плавно меняют траекторию полета.
8. As the aircraft slows from cruise to approach speed, the wing flaps and slats are activated to minimize the need to change the pitch attitude.
9. Проходя порог ВПП, носовая часть поднимается, пока самолет не коснется земли.
10. This pitch change must be timed precisely so that the rate of descent at main gear touchdown is kept to a minimum.
11. Амортизационная опора шасси смягчает посадку.
12. Devices on the jet engines engage, allowing the thrust to be directed forward, thus slowing the aircraft.
Переведите текст без словаря.
|
|
|
Рис. 7. Freighter versatile aircraft T-101 "Grach"
18.5. Техт Freighter versatile aircraft t-101 "Grach"
The "Т-101" combines design simplicity and reliability, comfortable environment for both crew and passengers, rather low aircraft cost and possibility of its operation from the short ground strips. Aircraft is good for airlift of 9 passengers or cargo of 1,200 kg at the range up to 1,270 km. Aircraft is versatile, since it can be rapidly reequipped. The "Т-101" aircraft can be used as the air ambulance, wrecking, patrol, people and cargo para-dropping, as the flight schools’ training aircraft.
The "Т-101" "Grach" is all-metal, single engine, braced high wing monoplane, with standard single fin empennage and three wheel LG (tail wheel steering). Aircraft is equipped with economical turbo-prop engine.
Cockpit accommodates two pilots and has seats with longitudinal and vertical adjustment. On the portside and starboard of cockpit there are individual doors for the crew members, equipped with emergency release mechanisms for aircraft emergency abandonment.
High universality of aircraft is achieved due to wide opening of the cargo-passenger cabin.
Aircraft anti-icing system is of three types: "air-heat" for the hot air supply from engine to the windshield, "oil-heat" for engine air-intake and electro-metric for the prop tips and pitots.
Fire equipment has the warning system with fire sensor installed in the engine bay, fire extinguishing system with a fire bottle charged with chladone, installed in the engine bay and operating from the squib. Crew cockpit and passengers cabin are equipped with the air-conditioning system.
"Grach" has instruments and avionics, including airborne radar installed in the pod, providing qualitative and safe (mostly in independent mode of operation) flight and navigation at day and night, in VFR and adverse weather conditions, above water or landmarks free territory.
The main element of flight-navigation equipment are GPS receiver, ADF, radio altimeter, directional gyro, meteorological radar.
The "Т-101" can be operated from unprepared RWYs and intended for the use by geologists, oil and gas industry workers, farmers, shortly to say – by everybody who needs reliable and maintenance easy aircraft.