21.What is periodontitis?Speak about its causes,clinical picture,treatment,prevention.

Simple gingivitis(good oral hygiene, tartar tooth paste). Vitamine C deficiency can be treated with vitamin supplement and diet.Acute herpic gingivostomatitis usually gets better in 2 weeks without treatment. İntensive cleaning doesn’t help.A dentist may recommend an anesthetic mouth rinse to relieve discomfort.if pregnant women are neglecting oral hygiene a dentist can suggest ways to keep the teeth and gums clean without nausea.Tumors can be removed surgically but they can recur until the end of pregnancy. İf desquamative gingivitis develops during menopouse, hormone replacement therapy may help. Otherwise a dentis may prescribe corticosteroid tablets or paste, which is applied to the gums.To prevent bleeding, a person with leukemia should gently wipe spouge instead of brushing and flossing.

22.Which cases need surgery?

Most periodontitis results from a long term accumulation of plaque and tartar between the teeth and the gums.Pockets are formed between the teeth and gums extend downward bone.These pockets collect plaque.

23.Why are periodontal diseases dangerous?

As more and more bone is lost, the teeth loosen and change position.

Dental Anxiety

24.What are the factors of dental anxiety?

The etiological factors are influenced the deutal environment and so are constantly changing. There are a dental trauma, attitude of parents, friends, or the extend to which dental anxiety is part of an overall personality trait, will gain greater importance.

25.What are the reasons of fear in children?

The age and psychological development of children are also of great importance in the development of dental anxiety.Traumatic dental events leave deep-rooted fears whitin the patiend.

26. What are the two methods for managing dental anxiety?Describe each of them.

Various methods for managing dental anxienty are available but day can be reduced to two classes:

Pharmacologic and behavioral. Behavioral- it’s clear from any reflection on the dentist-patient relation ship that dentists have always used “psychology’’ to help their patients.Talking give some extra time, brief rest periods after discomfort. Complicated treatment, severe pain, physical or mental disorders may be indications to anaesthesia. Countra- indications deal with cardiovascular diseas, disorder of respiratory, traet allergy to anaesthesia, using strag-effective drugs by the patient.

27.What is the relation between patient’s age and gender and anxiety?

28. What is the difference between anaesthesia, deep sedation and conscious sedation?

General anaesthesia was defined as a countrolled state of unconsciousness accompanied by partial or complete loss of protective reflexes; deep sedation as a depressed level of consciousness with some depression of protective reflex, conscious sedation as a light level of sedation in which the patient retains the ability to respond to verbal command.

29.What are indications and contraindications fort he use of anaesthesia?

Extensive and complicated treatment, acute pain and trauma, physical disabilities may be indications for sedation or general anaesthesia. Contra-indications to the use of general anaesthesia or sedation lie almost exclusively in the nature and severity of the patient’s medical risk factors.

30.What are the side-effects of anesthesia?

Aids in Dentistry

31.What is AIDS? What is the caouse of AIDS?What are its strains?

AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrowe; Has 2 strains: HiV1 and HiV2. HiV1 is now called a plaque of the 20th century. HiV in Africa. if decreases the function of immune system.

32.When did the first diagnosis of AIDS appaer?Who discovered the virus?

The first diagnosis of AIDS appeared in 1981 in the USA.The studies went on and in 1983 in France, 1984 in the USA the caouse of disease was found. Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo discovered a virus called HiV(Human immunadeficiency virus).

33.What does the virus affect?

The virus affect cells with a special receptive CD4 protein-antigen.

34.How many periods are there in AIDS flow?

There are 6 periods in AIDS flow: 1-is infection with the virus;2-(2-5 weeks) is incubation period;3-(2-3 weeks)is acute AIDS;4-(3-5 years) is the latent period(for 5-15 years);5- (night sweats) is pre-AIDS;6- (a person slowy ares) is AIDS it self.

35.What are the ways of getting the virus into human body?

The ways AIDS virus gets into human body are the following: it can come with infected blood or blood preparations, sexual way, through placenta, milk and dilivery water.The virus can’t be transmitted through handshaking, common swimming pool, toilet.

36.What dental disorders are associated with AIDS?

There are oral lesions associated with HiV infections: candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, kaposi's sarcoma, periodontal diseoses necrotising gingivitis, ulcerative periodontitis.

37.What procedures souldn’t an infected dentist perform?

The infected dentist shouldn’t be into invasive procedures: surgical procedures, extraction of teeth , cutting or removal of any oral or periodontal tissures,during which bleeding may ocur.

38.What measure of prevention of this disease do you know?

The control of cross-infection and indudes barrier measures such as the comprehensive wearing of surgical gloves or facial masks.

39.What is oral candidiasis?What are its 5 main categories?

Oral candidosis has taken on a new and sinister significance as an indicator of HiV infection and as a predictor of the course of disease.The disease has been classified into 5 main categories;

1-Acute pseudomembranous candidosis 2- Acute atrophic candidosis 3- Chronic candidosis 4- Chronic hyperplastic candidoses 5- Candida – associated angular cheilitis

40.What are the clinical variants and symptoms of oral candidiasis?

There are 4 clinical variants suchas; - pseudomembranous candidosis – erythematous candidosis(red lesion) – hyperplastic candidosis – angular cheilitis