1. When was the nhs created and what kinds of service does it provide to the uk citizen?

The National Health Service (NHS) is the collective name given to the four public health services of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was set up on July 1948 to "provide health care for all citizens, based on need, not the ability to pay". Today it is the world's largest publicly funded health service. The NHS finances ambulance services, mental health, and ancillary services such as physical and occupational therapy, in-home and in-clinic nursing, and certain care for the sick elderly in nursing homes. Also GPs (General Practitioners), that are mostly private doctors, often choose to contract with the NHS to provide services to patients.

2. What way is the nhs funded and managed?

The National Health Service is funded by the taxpayer and managed by a govern- ment department, the Department of Health, which sets overall policy on health issues.

3. Speak on the social protection of patients before the creation of NHS if it existed?Before the National Health Service was created in 1948, patients were generally required to pay for their health care. Free treatment had been sometimes available from teaching hospitals and charity hospitals.

4. What kinds of health care are charged for? Is any kinds of service free of charge& Analyze the drug expenses coverage.

The National Health Service provide free of charge services, such as ambulance services, mental health, and ancillary services such as physical and occupational therapy, in-home and in-clinic nursing, and certain care for the sick elderly in nursing homes. Patients under 16 years old (19 years if still in full- time education) or over 59 years will get the drug for free. There are also exemptions for people with certain medical conditions, and those on low incomes. Prescribed contraception is also issued free of charge. What about drugs and their expenses coverages, patients in England of working age pay a fixed price (presently £ 7.30) for each drug prescribed, despite on their cost and number. The real price may be bigger or smaller. The pharmacy invoices the cost of the drugs to the NHS.

5. What are the components of the nhs? Describe the functioning and responsobilities of each component.

The core of service is the General Practitioners (GP or family doctors) who are responsible for the care of patients registered with them. ambulance service providуы out-of-hospital acute medical care and/or transport to definitive medical care. There are ancillary services such as occupational therapy,providing health cear and well-being through occupation;nursing home, providing treatment of patients who are recovering from an illness, known as convalescing and supervision of elderly persons and etc.

6. How do people pay for health care in the usa? What are Medicare and Medicaid?

Most people of the population has private health insurance. Approximately 75% of the population have their health insurance, life insurance, disability protection and retirement benefits as their place of employment. Most employers and their families now pay more than 50% of the cost of health insurance. The great cost of medical care in the country and a great number of people who couldn’t pay for it gad forced the federal government to develop two programs - Medicare and Medicaid.

There are 2 programs of the federal government : Medicaid started in 1966 and providing free medical care for the poor and aged, for the blind and dependent children. Medicare started in 1967 and provide free or discounted medical care for Americans over 65.