MODUL

Preventive Dentistry

1.What is the purpose of preventive dentistry?

I know 3 types of prevention. They are primary (involes those measures which prevent onset of the disease) , secondary ( is recognizing the disease early in it’s progress and repairing damages while they are minimal), tertiary(involves those measures taken after the disease process has done cansiderable damage).

2.What types of prevention do you know? Describe each of them.

Primary prevention is prevention in the obsolute sense, while secondary and tertiary prevention are relative terms because they must include those reperative and curative measures which arrest the disease process and prevent it’s spread and increased severity.

3.What is the prevention of dental caries?

The most effective approach to the prevention of disease has always been that which involves the least patient effort. Hence, the public health measures of water fluoridation has always been the preferred first lime of defense against dental caries.Therefore those personal preventive remain important for any person who desires to prevent or control the main dental diseases.

4.Why is removing of plaque important?

Plaque in not a single entity.Certain types of plaque appear to be associated with invitation of dental caries, others with formation of caleus and still others with certain inflammatory responses.

5.What preventive measures do you know?

Five general strategies are key to preventing cavities : good oral hygiene proper diet, flüoride, sealants and antibacterial therapy.

6.What are the methods of brushing and interproximal cleaning?

There are following methods of brushing: side-to-side method, roll method, Bass method (effective for patients with gingival inflammation). The method recommended should be individualized according to the patients weds.

7.What is the benefit from flossing?

The importance of flossing to clean the areas between the teeth. Floss is the most useful in cleaning the interproximal areas of the teeth from the contact point down to the sulcus.There are methods of interdental cleaning: floss, wooden sticks, interdental brushes, interspace brushes.

8.Why is flouride water useful for teeth?

Flouride can make the teeth, particularly the enamel, more resistant to the acid that helps cause cavities.Fluoride taken internaly is particulary effective while the teeth are growing and hardening until about age 11. İf a water supply has too much flouride, the teeth can because spotted or discolored.

9.How can diet influence the teeth?

All simple sugars have the some effect on the teeth, including table sugar(sucrose), the sugar in honey(levulose and dextrose),fruits(fructose) and milk (lactose). Whenever sugar comes in contact with plaque. Streptococcus mutants bacteria in the plaque produce acid for about 20 minutes.The plaque acids dissolve the mineral structure of teeth.

Conservative Dentistry

10. What is caries?Speak about its causes, clinical picture, treatment, prevention.

The most common decay-causing bacterium is streptococcus mutants.

11.What are the types of tooth decay?Describe each of them.

The types of decay are: smooth surface decay, pit and fissures decay, root decay (begins on the bone-like tissure covering the root surface that has been exposed by receding gums, usually in people past middle age).

12. What is pulpitis? Speak about its couses, clinical picture, treatment, prevention.

Smooth surface decay, the most preventable and reversible type, grows the slowest. İn smooth surface decay, a cavity begins as a white spot where bacteria are dissolving the calcium of the enamel.Smooth surface decay between the teeth usually begins at the age of 20 or 30. Pit and fissures decay, which usually starts during the teen years in the permanent teeth is for meds in the narrow grooves on the chevy surface.This decay progresses rapidly. Many people can’t adequately clean these cavity areas because the grooves are narrow than the bristles of a tooth-brush.

13. What are the differences between reversible and irreversible pulpitis?

It is inflametion of pulp.

14.How long does it take cavity to penetrate the enamel in case of root decay?

Decay in enamel, progresses slowly. Although a cavity may take 2 or 3 years to penetrate the enamel, or can travel from the dentine to the pulp in as little as a year.Thus, root decay that starts in the dentine can destroy a lot of tooth structure in a short time.

15.What may toothaches result from?

Toothaches may result from roots that are exposed but not decayed excessively forceful chewing or fractured teeth. Sinus congestion can make the upper teeth sensitive. Usually a cavity in the enamel causes no pain, the pain starts when the decay reaches the dentine.A person may feel pain only when drinking something cold or eating candy.

16.When does usually pain start?

Usually a cavity in the enamel causes no pain, the pain starts when the decay reaches the dentine.A person may feel pain only when drinking something cold or eating candy.

17.What is the treatment of caries? Name the steps of filling the cavity.

If decay is treated before it reaches the dentine, the enamel can repair it self and the white spot on the tooth disappears.Once decay reches the dentine, the decayed part of the tooth must be removed and replaced with restoration.

Gingivitis and Periodontitis

18.What is gingivitis? Speak about its causes, clinical picture, treatment,prevention.

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums.

19.What are the types of gingivitis?Speak about their symptoms.

Causes of gingivitis accumulation plaque and tartar between and around tooth, smoking, family history, poor oral hygiene.

20.What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?

İn simple gingivitis (gums look red,puffy over bleeding); vitamin deficiency(bleeding);acute herpetic gingivostomatitis(pain,the gums bright red, White or yellow sores inside the mouth); gingivitis of pregnancy (pregnancy tumor-jump-like overgrowth of gum tissue); Desquamative gingivitis(the gums become so loose that the outer layer can be rubber away);gingivitis of leukemia(bleeding continues for several minutes or more).