- •Contents
- •Thanks
- •To the student
- •To the teacher
- •3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do)
- •10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)
- •11 how long have you (been) … ?
- •12 for and since when … ? and how long … ?
- •13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)
- •14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did)
- •15 Past perfect (I had done)
- •16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
- •17 have and have got
- •18 used to (do)
- •19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future
- •20 I’m going to (do)
- •21 will and shall 1
- •22 will and shall 2
- •23 I will and I’m going to
- •24 will be doing and will have done
- •26 can, could and (be) able to
- •27 could (do) and could have (done)
- •28 must and can’t
- •29 may and might 1
- •30 may and might 2
- •31 have to and must
- •32 must mustn’t needn’t
- •33 should 1
- •34 should 2
- •35 I’d better … it’s time …
- •36 would
- •39 if I knew … I wish I knew …
- •40 if I had known … I wish I had known …
- •41 wish
- •42 Passive 1 (is done / was done)
- •43 Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done)
- •44 Passive 3
- •45 it is said that … he is said to … he is supposed to …
- •46 have something done
- •47 Reported speech 1 (he said that …)
- •48 Reported speech 2
- •49 Questions 1
- •52 Question tags (do you? isn’t it? etc.)
- •53 Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.)
- •54 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.)
- •55 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to …)
- •56 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember, regret etc.)
- •57 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try, need, help)
- •58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.)
- •59 prefer and would rather
- •60 Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing
- •61 be/get used to … (I’m used to …)
- •63 there’s no point in -ing, it’s worth -ing etc.
- •64 to … , for … and so that …
- •65 Adjective + to …
- •66 to … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing)
- •67 see somebody do and see somebody doing
- •68 -ing clauses (He hurt his knee playing football.)
- •69 Countable and uncountable 1
- •70 Countable and uncountable 2
- •71 Countable nouns with a/an and some
- •74 the 2 (school / the school etc.)
- •75 the 3 (children / the children)
- •77 Names with and without the 1
- •78 Names with and without the 2
- •79 Singular and plural
- •80 Noun + noun (a bus driver / a headache)
- •81 -’s (your sister’s name) and of … (the name of the book)
- •82 myself/yourself/themselves etc.
- •83 a friend of mine my own house on my own / by myself
- •84 there … and it …
- •85 some and any
- •87 much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
- •90 all every whole
- •91 each and every
- •92 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which
- •94 Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/where
- •95 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1)
- •96 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2)
- •97 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)
- •98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
- •99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired
- •100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly)
- •102 so and such
- •104 quite, pretty, rather and fairly
- •105 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.)
- •106 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.)
- •107 Comparative 3 (as … as / than)
- •108 Superlative (the longest / the most enjoyable etc.)
- •109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time
- •110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb
- •111 still any more yet already
- •112 even
- •114 in case
- •116 as (as I walked … / as I was … etc.)
- •117 like and as
- •119 during for while
- •121 at/on/in (time)
- •122 on time and in time at the end and in the end
- •123 in/at/on (position) 1
- •124 in/at/on (position) 2
- •125 in/at/on (position) 3
- •126 to, at, in and into
- •127 in/on/at (other uses)
- •129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.)
- •130 Adjective + preposition 1
- •131 Adjective + preposition 2
- •132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at
- •134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of
- •135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on
- •136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
- •137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
- •138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out
- •139 Phrasal verbs 3 out
- •142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down
- •143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1)
- •144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2)
- •145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
- •Additional exercises
- •Study guide
- •Key to Exercises
- •Key to Additional exercises (see page 302)
- •Key to Study guide
- •Index
Unit
136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
Averb + in
believe IN … = believe that something exists, believe that it’s good to do something
Do you believe in God? (= do you believe that God exists?)
I believe in saying what I think. (= I believe it is right to say what I think)
but ‘believe something’ (= believe that it is true), ‘believe somebody’ (= believe what they say): The story can’t be true. I don’t believe it. (not believe in it)
specialise IN …
Helen is a lawyer. She specialises in company law.
succeed IN …
I hope you succeed in finding the job you want.
Bverb + into
break INTO …
Our house was broken into a few days ago, but nothing was stolen.
crash / drive / bump / run INTO …
He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall.
divide / cut / split something INTO two or more parts The book is divided into three parts.
translate a book etc. FROM one language INTO another
She’s a famous writer. Her books have been translated into many languages.
Cverb + with
collide WITH …
There was an accident this morning. A bus collided with a car.
fill something WITH … (but full of – see Unit 131A) Take this saucepan and fill it with water.
provide / supply somebody WITH …
The school provides all its students with books.
Dverb + to
happen TO …
What happened to that gold watch you used to have? (= where is it now?)
invite somebody TO a party / a wedding etc.
They only invited a few people to their wedding.
prefer one thing TO another I prefer tea to cofee.
Everb + on
concentrate ON …
I tried to concentrate on my work, but I kept thinking about other things.
insist ON …
I wanted to go alone, but some friends of mine insisted on coming with me.
spend (money) ON …
How much do you spend on food each week?
272 |
Verb + preposition + -ing Unit 62 Other verbs + to Unit 132 Other verbs + on Unit 135D |
Exercises |
Unit |
136 |
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136.1 Complete the sentences using these verbs (in the correct form) + a preposition:
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believe break concentrate |
divide drive fill |
happen |
insist |
invite |
succeed |
1 |
I wanted to go alone, but my friends insisted on |
coming with me. |
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2 |
I haven’t seen Mike for ages. I wonder what has |
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him. |
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3 |
It’s a very large house. It’s |
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four apartments. |
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4 |
We’ve been |
the party, but unfortunately we can’t go. |
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5 |
I don’t |
ghosts. I think people imagine that they see them. |
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6 |
Steve gave me an empty bucket and told me to |
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it |
water. |
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7 |
A burglar is someone who |
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a house to steal things. |
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8 |
Don’t try and do two things together. |
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one thing at a time. |
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9 |
It wasn’t easy, but in the end we |
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finding a solution to the problem. |
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10 |
The car in front of me stopped suddenly. Unfortunately I couldn’t stop in time and |
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the back of it. |
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136.2 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
1 |
There was a collision between a bus and a car. |
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A bus collided with a car |
. |
2 |
I don’t mind big cities, but I prefer small towns. |
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I prefer |
. |
3 |
I got all the information I needed from the company. |
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The company provided me |
. |
4 |
This morning I bought a pair of shoes, which cost eighty pounds. |
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This morning I spent |
. |
5 |
There are ten districts in the city. |
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The city is divided |
. |
136.3 Put in the correct preposition. If the sentence is already complete, leave the space empty.
1 |
The school provides all its students |
with |
books. |
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2 |
A strange thing happened |
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me a few days ago. |
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3 |
Mark decided to give up sport to concentrate |
his studies. |
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4 |
Money should be used well. I don’t believe |
wasting it. |
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5 |
My present job isn’t wonderful, but I prefer it |
what I did before. |
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6 |
I hope you succeed |
getting what you want. |
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7 |
Ben was injured playing football when he collided |
another player. |
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8 |
There was an awful noise as the car crashed |
a tree. |
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9 |
Patrick is a photographer. He specialises |
sports photography. |
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10 |
Joe doesn’t spend much money |
clothes. |
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11 |
I was amazed when I heard the news. I couldn’t believe |
it. |
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12 |
Somebody broke |
my car and stole my bag. |
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13 |
I was quite cold, but Tom insisted |
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having the window open. |
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14 |
The teacher decided to split the class |
four groups. |
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15 |
I filled the tank, but unfortunately I filled it |
the wrong kind of fuel. |
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16 |
Some things are dificult to translate |
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one language |
another. |
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136.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use a preposition.
1 I wanted to go out alone, but my friend insisted on coming with me 2 I spend a lot of money
3 I saw an accident. A car crashed
4 Chris prefers basketball
5 The restaurant we went to specialises
6 Shakespeare’s plays have been translated
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Additional exercise 36 (page 323) |
273 |
Unit
137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
AWe oten use verbs with:
in |
on |
up |
away |
by |
about |
over |
round or around |
out |
of |
down |
back |
through |
along |
forward |
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So you can say look out
We oten use on/of/out
get on drive of come back turn round
/ get on / take of / run away etc. These are phrasal verbs.
etc. with verbs of movement. For example:
The bus was full. We couldn’t get on.
A woman got into the car and drove of.
Sarah is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday. When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned round.
BOten the second word (on/of/out etc.) gives a special meaning to the verb. For example:
break down find out take of give up
get on get by
Sorry I’m late. The car broke down. (= the engine stopped working) I never found out who sent me the flowers. (= I never discovered)
It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took of. (= went into the air) I tried many times to contact her. In the end I gave up. (= stopped trying) How was the exam? How did you get on? (= How did you do?)
My French isn’t good, but it’s enough to get by. (= enough to manage)
For more phrasal verbs, see Units 138–145.
CSometimes a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition. For example:
phrasal verb |
preposition |
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look up |
at |
We looked up at the plane as it flew above us. |
run away |
from |
Why did you run away from me? |
keep up |
with |
You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up with you. |
look forward |
to |
Are you looking forward to your trip? |
DSometimes a phrasal verb has an object. For example:
I turned on the light. (the light is the object)
Usually there are two possible positions for the object. You can say:
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I turned on the light. |
or I turned the light on. |
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object |
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object |
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But if the object is a pronoun (it/them/me/him etc.), only one position is possible: I turned it on. (not I turned on it)
In the same way, you can say:
take of my shoes. I’m going to take my shoes of.
but These shoes are uncomfortable. I’m going to take them of. (not take of them)
wake up the baby. Don’t wake the baby up.
but The baby is asleep. Don’t wake her up. (not wake up her)
throw away this box. Don’t throw this box away.
but I want to keep this box, so don’t throw it away. (not throw away it)
274 |
Phrasal verbs 2–9 Units 138–145 American English Appendix 7 |
Exercises
137.1 Complete each sentence using a verb from A (in the correct form) + a word from B.
A be |
get |
fly |
sit |
B away |
by |
on |
round |
break |
get |
go |
speak |
back |
down |
of |
up |
come |
get |
look |
take |
back |
down |
out |
up |
1 |
Sarah is leaving tomorrow and |
coming back on Saturday. |
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2 |
I’ve been standing a long time. I’m going to |
for a bit. |
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3 |
It’s a very busy airport. There are planes landing and |
all the time. |
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4 |
A cat tried to catch the bird, but it |
just in time. |
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5 |
We were trapped in the building. We couldn’t |
. |
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6 |
I can’t hear you very well. Can you |
a little? |
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7 |
Ben’s salary is very low, but it’s enough to |
. |
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8 |
Everything is so expensive now. Prices have |
a lot. |
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9 |
I heard a noise behind me, so I |
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to see what it was. |
10 |
I’m going out now to do some shopping. I’ll |
in about an hour. |
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11 |
Our car |
on the motorway and we had to call for help. |
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12 |
How is your new job? How are you |
? |
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137.2 Complete each sentence using a word from A and a word from B.
Unit
137
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A |
away |
in |
up |
back |
B at |
to |
with |
about |
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out |
up |
up |
forward |
at |
to |
with |
through |
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1 |
You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep |
up with |
you. |
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2 |
My holidays are nearly over. Next week I’ll be |
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work. |
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3 |
We went |
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the top floor of the building to admire the view. |
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4 |
The meeting tomorrow is going to be dificult. I’m not looking |
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it. |
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5 |
There was a bank robbery last week. The robbers got |
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£50,000. |
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6 |
I love to look |
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the stars in the night sky. |
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7 |
I was sitting in the kitchen when a bird flew |
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the open window. |
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8 |
How do you know about the plan? How did you find |
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it? |
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137.3 |
Complete the sentences. Use these phrasal verbs + it/them/me: |
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get out |
give back |
switch on |
take of |
throw away |
wake up |
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1 |
I want to keep this box. Don’t throw it away . |
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2 |
I’m going to bed now. Can you |
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at 6.30? |
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3 |
I’ve got something in my eye and I can’t |
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. |
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4 |
I don’t like it when people borrow things and don’t |
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. |
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5 |
I want to use the hair dryer. How do I |
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? |
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6 |
My shoes are dirty. I’d better |
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before going into the house. |
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137.4 Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets.
1 |
Don’t throw away this box . I want to keep it. (away) |
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2 |
I don’t want this newspaper. You can throw it away |
. (away) |
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3 |
These books are Lisa’s. I have to give |
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to her. (back) |
4 |
We can turn |
. Nobody is watching it. (of) |
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5 |
Shh! My mother is asleep. I don’t want to wake |
. (up) |
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6 |
It’s cold today. You should put |
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if you go out. (on) |
7 |
It was only a small fire. I was able to put |
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easily. (out) |
8 |
It’s a bit dark in this room. Shall I turn |
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? (on) |
9 |
a: The hotel is more expensive than when we stayed here last year. |
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B: Yes, they’ve put |
. (up) |
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10 |
a: How did the vase get broken? |
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B: I’m afraid I knocked |
while I was cleaning. (over) |
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Additional exercises 37–41 (pages 323–25) |
275 |