- •Contents
- •Thanks
- •To the student
- •To the teacher
- •3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do)
- •10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)
- •11 how long have you (been) … ?
- •12 for and since when … ? and how long … ?
- •13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)
- •14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did)
- •15 Past perfect (I had done)
- •16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
- •17 have and have got
- •18 used to (do)
- •19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future
- •20 I’m going to (do)
- •21 will and shall 1
- •22 will and shall 2
- •23 I will and I’m going to
- •24 will be doing and will have done
- •26 can, could and (be) able to
- •27 could (do) and could have (done)
- •28 must and can’t
- •29 may and might 1
- •30 may and might 2
- •31 have to and must
- •32 must mustn’t needn’t
- •33 should 1
- •34 should 2
- •35 I’d better … it’s time …
- •36 would
- •39 if I knew … I wish I knew …
- •40 if I had known … I wish I had known …
- •41 wish
- •42 Passive 1 (is done / was done)
- •43 Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done)
- •44 Passive 3
- •45 it is said that … he is said to … he is supposed to …
- •46 have something done
- •47 Reported speech 1 (he said that …)
- •48 Reported speech 2
- •49 Questions 1
- •52 Question tags (do you? isn’t it? etc.)
- •53 Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.)
- •54 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.)
- •55 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to …)
- •56 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember, regret etc.)
- •57 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try, need, help)
- •58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.)
- •59 prefer and would rather
- •60 Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing
- •61 be/get used to … (I’m used to …)
- •63 there’s no point in -ing, it’s worth -ing etc.
- •64 to … , for … and so that …
- •65 Adjective + to …
- •66 to … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing)
- •67 see somebody do and see somebody doing
- •68 -ing clauses (He hurt his knee playing football.)
- •69 Countable and uncountable 1
- •70 Countable and uncountable 2
- •71 Countable nouns with a/an and some
- •74 the 2 (school / the school etc.)
- •75 the 3 (children / the children)
- •77 Names with and without the 1
- •78 Names with and without the 2
- •79 Singular and plural
- •80 Noun + noun (a bus driver / a headache)
- •81 -’s (your sister’s name) and of … (the name of the book)
- •82 myself/yourself/themselves etc.
- •83 a friend of mine my own house on my own / by myself
- •84 there … and it …
- •85 some and any
- •87 much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
- •90 all every whole
- •91 each and every
- •92 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which
- •94 Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/where
- •95 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1)
- •96 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2)
- •97 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)
- •98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
- •99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired
- •100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly)
- •102 so and such
- •104 quite, pretty, rather and fairly
- •105 Comparative 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.)
- •106 Comparative 2 (much better / any better etc.)
- •107 Comparative 3 (as … as / than)
- •108 Superlative (the longest / the most enjoyable etc.)
- •109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time
- •110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb
- •111 still any more yet already
- •112 even
- •114 in case
- •116 as (as I walked … / as I was … etc.)
- •117 like and as
- •119 during for while
- •121 at/on/in (time)
- •122 on time and in time at the end and in the end
- •123 in/at/on (position) 1
- •124 in/at/on (position) 2
- •125 in/at/on (position) 3
- •126 to, at, in and into
- •127 in/on/at (other uses)
- •129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.)
- •130 Adjective + preposition 1
- •131 Adjective + preposition 2
- •132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at
- •134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of
- •135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on
- •136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on
- •137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
- •138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out
- •139 Phrasal verbs 3 out
- •142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down
- •143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1)
- •144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2)
- •145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
- •Additional exercises
- •Study guide
- •Key to Exercises
- •Key to Additional exercises (see page 302)
- •Key to Study guide
- •Index
Unit
102 so and such
ACompare so and such:
We use so + adjective/adverb:
so stupid |
so quick |
so nice |
so quickly |
I didn’t like the book. The story was so stupid.
Everything happened so quickly.
We use such + noun: |
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such a story |
such people |
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We also use such + adjective + noun: |
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such a stupid story |
such nice people |
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I didn’t like the book. It was such a stupid story. (not a so stupid story) I like Liz and Joe. They are such nice people. (not so nice people)
We say such a … (not a such): such a big dog
BSo and such make the meaning stronger:
I’ve had a busy day. I’m so tired. (= really tired)
It’s dificult to understand him. He talks so quietly.
You can use so … that:
I was so tired that I fell asleep in the armchair.
We usually leave out that:
I was so tired I fell asleep.
We had a great trip. We had such a good time. (= a really good time)
You always think good things are going to happen. You’re such an optimist.
You can use such … that:
It was such nice weather that we spent the whole day on the beach.
We usually leave out that:
It was such nice weather we spent …
CSo and such also mean ‘like this’:
Somebody told me the house was built 100 years ago. I didn’t realise it was
so old. (= as old as it is)
I’m tired because I got up at six. I don’t usually get up so early.
I expected the weather to be cooler. I’m surprised it is so warm.
I didn’t realise it was such an old house. You know it’s not true. How can you
say such a thing? (= a thing like this)
Note the expression no such … :
You won’t find the word ‘blid’ in the dictionary. There’s no such word. (= this word does not exist)
D Compare:
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so long |
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such a long time |
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I haven’t seen her for so long I’ve |
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I haven’t seen her for such a long time. |
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forgotten what she looks like. |
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so far |
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such a long way |
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I didn’t know it was so far. |
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I didn’t know it was such a long way. |
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so much, so many |
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such a lot (of) |
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I’m sorry I’m late – there was so much |
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I’m sorry I’m late – there was such a lot |
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trafic. |
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of trafic. |
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204 |
not so … as Unit 107A such as Unit 117A |
Exercises
102.1 |
Put in so, such or such a. |
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1 |
It was a great holiday. We had |
such a |
good time. |
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2 |
Everything is |
expensive these days, isn’t it? |
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3 |
He always looks good. He wears |
nice clothes. |
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I couldn’t believe the news. It was |
shock. |
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What a nice garden! These are |
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lovely flowers. |
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The party was great. It was |
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shame you couldn’t come. |
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I was glad to see that he looked |
well ater his recent illness. |
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8 |
I have to go. I didn’t realise it was |
late. |
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Why does it always take you |
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long time to get ready? |
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Everything went wrong. We had |
bad luck. |
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102.2Make one sentence from two. Choose from the box, and then complete the sentences using so or such.
Unit
102
The music was loud. |
It was horrible weather. |
I had a big breakfast. |
It was a beautiful day. |
The bag was heavy. |
I was surprised. |
1 It was such a beautiful day
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I’ve got a lot to do.
Her English is good.
The hotel was a long way.
,we decided to go to the beach.
,she couldn’t lit it.
,I don’t know where to begin.
,I didn’t know what to say.
,it could be heard from miles away.
,we spent the whole day indoors.
,you would think it was her native language.
,it took us ages to get there.
,I didn’t eat anything for the rest of the day.
102.3 Put the words in the right order.
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I got up at six this morning. I don’t usually get up so early . |
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(get up / early / usually / so / don’t) |
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Why |
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(a / such / hurry / you / in / are) |
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It took us an hour to get here. I’m |
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(long / it / surprised / so / took) |
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He said he worked for a company called Elcron, but |
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(such / there’s / company / no) |
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I regret what I did. I don’t know why |
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(such / thing / I / did / a / stupid) |
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Why |
? Can’t you drive faster? |
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(driving / so / you / slowly / are) |
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Two months? How did you |
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(English / time / learn / short / a / such / in) |
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Why |
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(expensive / you / an / phone / did / such / buy) |
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102.4 |
Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. |
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We enjoyed our holiday. We had such a good time |
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I like Kate. She’s so |
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I like Kate. She’s such |
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It’s good to see you again! I haven’t seen you for so |
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I thought the airport was near the city. I didn’t realise it was such |
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The streets were crowded. There were so |
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205
Exercises
103.1 Complete the sentences using enough + the following words:
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buses |
chairs |
cups |
hard |
room |
tall time |
vegetables warm wide |
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You’re lazy. You don’t work |
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Some of us had to sit on the floor. There weren’t |
enough chairs . |
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Public transport isn’t good here. There aren’t |
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I can’t park the car here. The space isn’t |
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I always have to rush. There’s never |
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You need to change your diet. You don’t eat |
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I’m not good at basketball. I’m not |
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The car is quite small. Do you think there’s |
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for five of us? |
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Are you |
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? Or shall I switch on the heating? |
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We can’t all have cofee at the same time. We don’t have |
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103.2 Complete the answers to the questions. Use too or enough + the word(s) in brackets.
1Does Sophie have a driving licence?
2I need to talk to you about something.
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Let’s go to the cinema. |
4Why don’t we sit outside?
5Would you like to be a politician?
6Would you like to be a teacher?
7Did you hear what he was saying?
8Can he read a newspaper in English?
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No, she’s not old enough to |
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have a driving licence. |
(busy) |
Well, I’m afraid I’m |
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to you now. |
(late) |
No, it’s |
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to the cinema. |
(warm) |
It’s not |
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outside. |
(shy) |
No, I’m |
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a politician. |
(patience) |
No, I don’t have |
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a teacher. |
(far away) |
No, we were |
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what he was saying. |
(English) |
No, he doesn’t know |
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a newspaper. |
103.3 Make one sentence from two. Complete the new sentence using too or enough + to … .
1 We couldn’t carry the boxes. They were too heavy.
The boxes were too heavy to carry.
2I can’t drink this cofee. It’s too hot. This cofee is
3Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy. The piano
4 Don’t eat these apples. They’re not ripe enough. These apples
5I can’t explain the situation. It is too complicated. The situation
6We couldn’t climb over the wall. It was too high. The wall
7 Three people can’t sit on this sofa. It isn’t big enough. This sofa
8You can’t see some things without a microscope. They are too small. Some
Unit
103
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