- •1. Read the following text and explain the words and phrases in bold.
- •2. Complete the table.
- •3. Match the synonyms.
- •4. Look up the organization in a dictionary/ on the Internet to read out the abbreviations and translate them into Russian. What do you think each organization does?
- •5. Complete the following sentences using the required information from the above text. Put them into correct order and speak on the history of international organizations.
- •6. Read the text and give synonyms for the highlighted words.
- •8. Translate the following table into English and speak on the Classification of International Organizations.
- •9. Study the text below and give English equivalents for the words and phrases in bold.
- •10. Read the text and give opposites for the highlighted words.
- •11. Match the words with their definitions.
- •12. Give the word families of the following words.
- •13. Answer the following questions.
- •14. Consult your dictionary for the right stress in the following words and memorize their meaning.
- •15. Read the following text and explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold.
- •International Economic Organisations
- •16. Match the words in column a with the appropriate words in column b.
- •17. Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five items and make sentences.
- •21. Match the English phrases in a with their Russian equivalents in b. Learn the following collocations.
- •22. Render the following text into English.
- •23. Summarize the information of the unit and be ready to speak on International organizations. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.
Unit 1 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1. Read the following text and explain the words and phrases in bold.
The History of International Organizations
In the mid-19th century, economic development gave rise to a need to rely on international law in regulating a wide range of new spheres of interstate relations. Initially, this was accomplished through bilateral treaties, but then States began to conclude multilateral agreements, whose implementation has produced a substantial number of international organizations called international administrative unions.
The earliest major international administrative unions include the International Telecommunication Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (1875), the International Union for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883).
International administrative unions were actually the first permanent international organizations. In terms of their competence they were of a non-political character.
The first permanent political international organization, the League of Nations, was established in 1919. Its Covenant was drafted at the Paris Peace Conference, and was a component part of the 1919 Peace Treaty of Versailles. The aim of the League of Nations was to maintain peace and security. In 1940, the League of Nations actually ceased to exist, which was formalized in 1946.
The creation of the United Nations Organization marked a decisive stage in the history of international organizations. The UN Charter was signed in June 1945 at a conference held in San Francisco. The United Nations is a universal political organization for maintaining international peace and security.
Simultaneously with the creation of the United Nations, a number of intergovernmental organizations appeared that were called specialized agencies. They are linked with the United Nations by special agreements. They include the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), etc.
The Cold War led to the formation of a number of closed military groupings. They included: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the South-East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), Australia-New Zealand-US Defence Pact (ANZUS), and SEATO, which was established in 1954 in accordance with a treaty on the defence of South-East Asia, and which comprised the United States, Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines. It ceased to exist in 1974.
The abolition of colonial system and the resulting formation of a large number of newly-independent sovereign States have not only greatly increased the membership of the world's major organizations, but also led to the formation of a number of new international organizations, such as the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
The continuing internationalization of economic life and the intensification of international economic, scientific and technical reltions, as well as the growing importance of today's global problems whose solution requires joint efforts by all States, are all factors that tend to increase the number of international organizations and enhance their role in the system of international relations.