Характеристика действия

	Present Perfect				Present Perfect Continuous
Как?	Действие завершено к определенному моменту в настоящем. Имеется результат действия.				Действие началось некоторое время назад и все еще продолжается или только закончилось.
		have has	done			have has	been doing
Когда?	already/yet; ever/never; just/ since; lately, recently; this week/today				for 3 hours (already); since morning; since he came
Примеры	He has just come. She hasn't called yet. Have you ever been to France? Не has written many books. She has greatly changed. ( = don't recognize her.)				She has been teaching History since she graduated from the University. The road is wet. It has been raining. I have been waiting for you for half an hour. (Я жду вас уже полчаса)

Глаголы, неиспользуемые в форме Continuous, не могут также использоваться в формеPerfectContinuous. В этом случае употребляется the Perfect Tense.

• I have known him since last year.

Compare:

The Present Continuous when? — (now)	The Present Perfect Continuous how long?
What are you writing? - I am writing a letter.	В I have been writing it for an hour.

Self check.

Ex. 1. (A, B) Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Many people believe that our climate (change) very markedly. 2. I (collect) the pictures with bridges since I graduated from the University. Now I (collect) enough to organize an interest­ing exhibition. 3. She (read) a fairy tale to the children since breakfast. They (not/finish) yet. 4. Those people (wait) for a tram for the last fifteen minutes. I'm afraid, they don't know that the electricity (go) out. 5. What (happen) to Mary? John (ring) her up the whole evening and nobody (answer). 6. "You (come) out at last," he said. "Well, I (stand) here long, and (listen) to the nightingale." 7. So, you (arrive). We just (speak) of you. 8. "How long you (know) about it?" - "I (know) it all the time. 9. "Why you (turn) off the music?" - "I (play) the records for hours; I'm tired now." 10. I definitely (decide) to give Pendle up.

Ex. 2. (A, B) Decide on the correct form of the verb with each word combination.

Example: (She/clean/the flat/for two hours) - She has been cleaning the flat for two hours. (She/do/two rooms/so far) - She has done two rooms so far.

1.(I/ read / Pushkin's prose / in the garden)__________________________________________

(I / read / three of Belkin's stories)_______________________________________________

2. (Mother/ sew / in the morning room/since lunch)______________________________

(She / make / a ball dress / for me)_______________________________________________

3. (My brother / ski / since childhood)_______________________________________________

(he / take part / in many championships)___________________________________________

4. (Father / write / children poems / since he retired)__________________________________

(He / write / four books)________________________________________________________

Ex. 3. (A, B) Ask a question using the correct verb form.

Example: He trains young athlets.

How many young athlets has he trained?

1. She is travelling in the East. How long___________________________________________?

2. He translates books. How many________________________________________________?

3. He translates from Japanese. How long__________________________________________?

4. They are visiting the hospital. How many times_____________________________________?

Ex. 4. (A, B) Put the verb into the correct form, the Present Perfect

or the Present Perfect Continuous.

Examples: I’ve run (run) out of petrol. Can you lend me some?

You are out of breath. Have you been running (you/run)?

1. The secretary______(type) the letters you gave her but she______(not/finish) them yet.

2. There's sufficient light you______(waste) electricity for nearly an hour.

3. Look! The child______(fall) asleep!

4. Open the window. Somebody______(smoke) here.

5. She______(do) the accounts all evening. But she______ (go) home already.

6. He is a famous playwright. He______(complete) his seventh play.

Ex. 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

I. (A, B)

1.We (meet) before? 2. I often (see) his name in the papers this year. 3. I (try) to catch the waiter's attention for about 15 minutes now. 4. She (study) English for a year and (learn) many words and expressions. 5. I (not/hear) about him since yesterday. 6. I (look) for him since I finished my lesson but I (not / find) him. I (be) to his office and to the laboratory but he isn't there. 7. "Hello, Sven. You (see) Alex yet?" - "No, I (not/be) to the shop floor today. I (talk) on the phone to our clients all morning. 8. I (be) up here since about six. I (wander) around for hours. 9. I (come) to you to invite you for a ride in the car. 10. I expect these young men (inform) you who I am. 11. I really don't know what you (do) there all this time. 12. I (love) you ever since I first saw you.

6. The Past Perfect Tense

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I/he/they had worked	I/he/they had not worked	Had I/he/they worked?

I'd worked I hadn't worked

The Past Perfect Tense показывает,что действие завершилось к определенному моменту в прошлом. Этот момент может быть обозначен обстоятельством времени или другим прошедшим действием:

• We had finished the work by 5 o'clock yesterday.

• When I came, the guests had already left.

The Past Perfect используется с союзами:

Hardly...	+ Past Perfect when + Past Indefinite
Scarcely...

• He had hardly done it when they came. He успел он сделать это, как они пришли.

• Hardly had he done it when they came. Едва он успел сделать это, как они пришли.

Self check.

Ex. 1. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. You visited a friend

and learned a lot of news about his family and other friends.

Example: His father didn't work in the bank anymore. He had retired (retire)

1. His parents didn't live there any longer. They________________. (go) to live in the country.

2. His sister wasn't there either. She_____________________ (get) married.

3. His house was larger. He____________________________(build) the third storey.

4. Your friends, Mike and Brenda, were away. They________(leave)

for Sweden.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentenses, using the verb in .brackets.

Example: I was very excited about visiting London because I (be) had never been there before.

1. The little boy couldn't wait to get to the sea (see). He __________________________ before.

2. The teacher was late that morning. The class didn't know what to think (be/late).

She.____________________________________________________________________ before.

3. Yesterday Larry taught Nell to play the guitar. She felt very unsure because she (play) ________________________________________________________________________ before.

4. It was Miss Kelly's first day at school. She was very nervous because she (teach)

________________________________________________________________________ before.

7. The Past Indefinite and the Past Perfect