Praktikum_ecology_izdvo
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4. '-6 '/6E % $G/0 G(+0>//, ',/-=:$@A!; :'? $-6+(@ -6 (06(-( ,',(#<>//.
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35
%"! ,'-6'<++$< /+6!% / ':$+/< ?$:/-/6 '6 +$)$#E+'; )/-#!++'-6/ ,',(#<>// x0 .
C N D
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x t |
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exp tK N D K |
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+$?=:$!6-< #'%/-6/)!-0'; 0 /:'; / /&!!6 :/", , !"-6$:#!++=; +$/-. 1.15.
& . 1.15. $ # ' ' (02 > 01)
:!"!++=! , / ,'#()!+// #'%/-6/)!-0'; 0 /:'; '% $+/)!+/< +$/- *'#!! 6/,/)+= "#< 80'#'%/)!-0'; -/-6!&=, -'"! I$A!; '"+( ,',(#<- >/@ -$&'',=#<@A/B-< $-6!+/; , / ,'#+'& '6-(6-6:// I/:'6+=B.'$+$#/?/ (!& % $G/0/ /-.1.15 , /&!+/6!#E+' 0 ,',(#<>// $-6!- +/;.
)!:/"+', )6' '-6 )/-#!++'-6/ $-6!+/; '% $+/)/:$!6-< ,#'A$- "E@ , /%'"+=B "#< /B '*/6$+/< ?!&!#E. 6/ ,#'A$"/ &'%(6 -+/I$6E-< , / ?$-!:! $-6!+/<&/-0'+0( !+6$&/ " (%/B :/"':. / '6-(6-6:// 0'+0( !+6': :!#/)/+$ (N – D/0) B$ $06! /?(!6 0'#/)!-6:' ,#'A$"!; - (-#':/<&/ '0 (I$@A!; - !"=, , /%'"+=&/ "#< -(A!-6:':$+/< '-'*!;$--&$6 /:$!&'; ,',(#<>//.
"$++'& ?$"$+// , !"#$%$!6-< /--#!"':$6E "/+$&/0( )/-#!++'-6/ ,',(#<>/; $-6!+/;. / 86'& +!'*B'"/&' :=,'#+/6E -#!"(@A/! "!;- -6:/<:
1. 6$*#. 1.1 , /:!"!+= ,$ $&!6 = '-6$ )/-#!++'-6/ ,',(#<>/;$-6!+/;.
3. -''6:!6-6:// - "$++=&/ -:'!%' :$ /$+6$ ,'-6 '/6E % $G/0 ?$- :/-/&'-6/ )/-#!++'-6/ ,',(#<>// ' '6 : !&!+/ t.
36
4. +$)!+/! )/-#!++'-6/ ,',(#<>// : +$)$#! 80-,! /&!+6$ (t = 0) , /+/&$!6-< ?$ +$)$#E+'! ?+$)!+/! '0.
5.'+!)+'! ?+$)!+/! )/-#!++'-6/ ,',(#<>// (t = 14 #!6) , /+/&$- !6-< ?$ )/-#':'! ?+$)!+/! ,$ $&!6 $ (N – D/0) /? (1.26).
6.? % $G/0$ ', !"!#/6E : !&< t1, )! !? 0'6' '! )/-#!++'-6E ,'- ,(#<>// "'-6/%$!6 ?+$)!+/< '1 = (N – D/0 – '0)/2. +$< )/-#':=! ?+$)!-
+/< '0, (N – D/0), '1, t1, :=)/-#/6E 'I"$!&'-6E 0 /? (1.26).
7. $,/-$6E &$6!&$6/)!-0/! &'"!#/ ?$:/-/&'-6/ )/-#!++'-6/ ,'- ,(#<>// '6 : !&!+/ : :/"! !D!+/< (1.26) "/GG! !+>/$#E+'%' ( $:+!- +/< (1.24).
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? % $G/0$ / "$++=B 6$*#. 1.1 +$B'"/&: '0 = 10; (N – D/0) = 42.
=*/ $!& t1 = 5. &( -''6:!6-6:(!6 '1 = 27. '"-6$:/: "$++=! ?+$- )!+/< : := $I!+/! (1.26), ,'#()/&:
27 |
42 |
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1 |
42 10 |
exp( 5 K 42) |
1 3,2exp( 210K) |
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10 |
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50 |
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30 |
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20 |
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t 16 |
& . 1.16. * N t , # #(1.26)
!'* $?(!& "$++'! ( $:+!+/! "#< +$B'I"!+/< 0'8GG/>/!+6$ '- I"$!&'-6/ K :
27 1 3,2exp 210K 42 ; 27 86,4exp( 210K) 42 ; 86,4exp( 210K) 15; exp( 210K) 0,1736;
37
$*#/>$ 1.1
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30 |
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109 |
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210K ln(0,1736) 1,751; K 1,751 0,00834. 210
$6!&$6/)!-0$< &'"!#E ?$:/-/&'-6/ )/-#!++'-6/ $-6!+/< '6 : !-
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x(t) |
42 |
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42 10 |
exp 0,00834 42 t |
1 3,2exp 0,35t |
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$G/0, ,'-6 '!++=; ,' ,'#()!++'&( ( $:+!+/@, , !"-6$:#!+ +$/-. 1.16.
1.3. $% 0 #
– :?$/&'-:<?$++$<, !"/+$< G(+0>/'+$#E+$< -':'0(,+'-6E I/:=B ' %$+/?&': / - !"= /B '*/6$+/<. '-6$:+=&/ )$-- 6<&/ 80'-/-6!&= <:#<@6-< % (-':'0(,+'-6E I/:=B ' %$+/?&':) / # (&!-6' /B I/?+/, +!I/:=! 0'&,'+!+6=). #< '*'?+$)!+/< , / '"+=B 80'-/-6!& /-,'#E?(!6-< 6! &/+ «%».
" – +$/*'#!! 0 (,+=! +$?!&+=! 80'-/-6!&=, -''6:!6-6:(@- A/! '-+':+=& 0#/&$6/)!-0/& ?'+$& !/: ,(-6=++=!, 6 $:<+/-6=!, #!-+=!.
+ * ) – -0' '-6E, - 0'6' '; , '"(>!+6= (-:$/:$@6 #()/-6(@ 8+! %/@ : , '>!--! G'6'-/+6!?$ / B!&'-/+6!?$, '* $?(< ' %$+/)!-0'! :!A!-6:', 0'6' '! &'I!6 *=6E /-,'#E?':$+' : 0$- )!-6:! ,/A/ " (%/&/ ' %$+/?&$&/ (*/'&$--$, , '/?:'"/&$< +$ !"/+/>! ,#'A$"/ : !"/+/>( : !&!+/).
9 – -,'-'*+'-6E 80'-/-6!& (' %$+/?&':, ,',(#<>/;) , '- 6/:'-6'<6E /?&!+!+/<& / -'B $+<6E $:+':!-/!.
% – ,'-#!"':$6!#E+$< -&!+$ */'>!+'?': +$ '"+'; / 6'; I! 6! /6' //, :!"(A$< 0 ,':=D!+/@ (-6';)/:'-6/ 80'-/-6!&=.
+ % – , '>!-- $?:/6/< / -&!+= */'>!+'?': +$ +!?$-!#!++=B $+!! ()$-60$B.
% , '/-B'"/6 +$ &!-6! -G' &/ ':$:D!%'-< */'>!+'?$ ,'-#! !%' +$ (D!+/< ,' 0$0';-#/*' , /)/+! (,'I$ , := (*- 0$ #!-$, ?$-(B$).
F % #* – >!,E ,'-#!"':$6!#E+'; ,! !"$)/ :!A!-6:$ / 80:/:$#!+6+'; !&( 8+! %// '6 '"+/B ' %$+/?&': 0 " (%/&.
" – -:'!'* $?+$< '*'#')0$ !/, -'"! I$A$< :-@ -':'- 0(,+'-6E I/:=B ' %$+/?&': / 6( )$-6E :!A!-6:$ ,#$+!6=, 0'6' $< +$- B'"/6-< : +!, ! =:+'& '*&!+! - 86/&/ ' %$+/?&$&/.
39
#$--/G/0$>/< :!A!-6: ,' . . ! +$"-0'&(:
1.M – -':'0(,+'-6E I/:=B ' %$+/?&':, +$-!#<@- A/B ,#$+!6( !<.
2.0 – +!I/:'! :!A!-6:', '* $?':$++'! , '>!--$&/,
:0'6' =B I/:'! :!A!-6:' ()$-6/< +! , /+/&$#'.
3." – -6 (06( $ /? I/:'%' / 0'-+'%' :!A!-6:$, 0'6' $< -'?"$!6-< '"+': !&!++' 0'-+=&/ , '>!--$&/ / I/:=&/ ' %$- +/?&$&/.
4." – :!A!-6:', 0'6' '! :'?+/0#' : !?(#E6$6!$?#'I!+/< '-6$60': I/:=B ' %$+/?&':, +' !A! +! ,'#+'-6E@ &/+! $- #/?':$+'.
1.'+<6/! «80'#'%/)!-0$< -/-6!&$». 6 (06( $ 80'-/-6!&=.
2.-+':+=! 80'-/-6!&= !/ / /B B$ $06! /-6/0$.
3.'-6 $+-6:!++$< -6 (06( $ 80'-/-6!&.
4.!B$+/?&= -$&' !%(#<>// 80'-/-6!&.
5.'+<6/! «-(0>!--/<». /"= -(0>!--//.
6.'G/)!-0/; ( ':!+E, 6 'G/)!-0/! >!,/ / -!6/. $-, !"!#!+/! 8+! %// : 6 'G/)!-0/B >!,<B. $:/#' ,! !B'"$ 8+! %// ,' 6 'G/)!-0'; >!,/.
7.'"(06/:+'-6E. ! :/)+$< / :6' /)+$< , '"(06/:+'-6E.
8.0'#'%/)!-0/! ,/ $&/"=.
9.'#ED'; / &$#=; 0 (%':' '6= :!A!-6:.
10.(%':' '6= :'"=, (%#! '"$, $?'6$, 0/-#' '"$, G'-G' $. #/<- +/! )!#':!0$ +$ 0 (%':' '6= :!A!-6:.
11.'+<6/! «*/'-G! $». 6 (06( $ / % $+/>= */'-G! =.
12.$6!%' // :!A!-6: */'-G! = ,' ! +$"-0'&( . . /&! =.
13.#$--/G/0$>/< I/:'%' :!A!-6:$ ,' 6/,( ,/6$+/< / ,' 80'#'%/- )!-0/& G(+0>/<&. /&! = $?#/)+=B % (,, ' %$+/?&':.
14.(+0>// I/:'%' :!A!-6:$.
15.!;-6:/! I / II ?$0'+': 6! &'"/+$&/0/ "#< 80'-/-6!&.
16.-+':+=! ?$0'+=, ', !"!#<@A/! G(+0>/'+/ ':$+/! */'-G! =.
17.'+<6/! «+''-G! $».
18.-+':+=! 6!' // , '/-B'I"!+/< I/?+/.
$ - $- *$%
! &/+ «80'-/-6!&$» , !"#'I!+ : 1935 %. $+%#/;-0/& 80'#'%'&. !+-#/. 0'-/-6!&$ – ,'+<6/! ')!+E D/ '0'! / , /&!+/&' 0$0 0 !-- 6!-6:!++=&, 6$0 / 0 /-0(--6:!++=& 0'&,#!0-$&.
40