Praktikum_ecology_izdvo
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100%. |
(3.14) |
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C').i n Ci CG.i CG.i , |
(3.15) |
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%"! C').i – 0'+>!+6 $>// i-%' ?$% <?+/6!#< : ')/A!++=B -6')+=B :'"$B; CG.i – G'+':$< 0'+>!+6 $>/< i-%' ?$% <?+/6!#< : :'"'!&! "' -* '-$; n – 0 $6+'-6E $?*$:#!+/< -6')+=B :'"; C/-.i – /-B'"+$< 0'+>!+6 $>/< i-%' ?$% <?+/6!#< : -6')+=B :'"$B "' ')/-60/.
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(3.16) |
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= $?/& 0'+>!+6 $>/@ i-%' :!A!-6:$ : ')/A!++'; :'"! /? ( $:+!- |
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/ $:+/:$< , $:=! )$-6/ ( $:+!+/; (3.15) / (3.17) / := $?/: 0'+>!+6 $>/@ i, ,'#()/& -''6+'D!+/! "#< ', !"!#!+/< &$0-/&$#E+' "',(-6/&'; 0'+>!+6 $>// : :'"'!&! - ()!6'& -6!,!+/ $?*$:#!+/< / 8GG!06/:+'-6/ ')/-60/:
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'"-6$:/: (3.18) : (3.11) / := $?/: 8GG!06/:+'-6E i ,'#()/&
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91
1. , !"!#/6! +!'*B'"/&(@ -6!,!+E ')/-60/ , '/?:'"-6:!++=B -6')+=B :'" '6 : !"+=B :!A!-6:, !-#/ : -6')+=B :'"$B -'"! I$6-< -#!- "(@A/! ?$% <?+/6!#/:
C/-.Ni = 1,15 &%/#, C/-.Mo = 1,1 &%/#, C/-.As = 0,6 &%/#.$6+'-6E $?*$:#!+/< -6')+=B :'" n = 65.
'"$ "' &!-6$ -* '-$ B$ $06! /?(!6-< -#!"(@A/&/ ,'0$?$6!#<&/: CG.Ni = 0,003 &%/#, CG.Mo = 0,15 &%/#, CG.As = 0,002 &%/#.
(0$?$++=B :!A!-6::
Ni = 1.1 &%/#, Mo = 0,5 &%/#, As = 0,06 &%/#.
2. $ ?$:'"! -6')+=! :'"=, -'"! I$A/! /-.Ni = 1,35 &%/#,/-.Mo = 1,1 &%/#, /-.As = 0,7 &%/# , ',(-0$@6 )! !? ')/-6+=! -'' (I!- +/<, "'-6/%$!6-< 60 % -6!,!+E ')/-60/. '-#! ')/-60/ -6')+=! :'"= -* $-=:$@6 : :'"'!&. $6+'-6E $?*$:#!+/< n = 65. '+':=! 0'+>!+-
6 $>// : :'"! |
86/B :!A!-6: |
G.Ni = 0,001 &%/#, |
G.Mo = 0,2 &%/#, |
G.As = 0,002 &%/#. |
!"!#E+' |
"',(-6/&=! |
0'+>!+6 $>// |
Ni = 0,1 &%/#, Mo = 0,5 &%/#, As = 0,05 &%/#. , !"!#/6E -'- '6:!6-6:(!6 #/ -$+/6$ +=& +' &$& :'"$ : :'"'!&! ,'-#! -* '-$ ')/- A!++=B -6')+=B :'".
3.2.3.
$ – :! B+<< 6:! "$< '*'#')0$ !/ : , !"!#$B 50– 200 &.
# – $? (D!+/! / -+'- :! B+/B +$/*'#!! ,#'"' '"+=B %' /?'+6': / ,'"-6/#$@A/B ,' '" :!6 '& ("!G#<>/<) /#/ ,'6'0$&/ :'"=.
+ % – B/&/)!-0/! - !"-6:$ *' E*= - : !"'+'-+=&/ /#/ +!I!#$6!#E+=&/ &/0 '' %$+/?&$&/, $-6!+/<&/ / I/:'6+=&/.
9 % – <"'B/&/0$6=, /-,'#E?(!&=! "#< *' E*= - -' +<0$&/. L % – <"'B/&/0$6=, /-,'#E?(!&=! , '6/: +$-!0'&=B. R % – <"'B/&/0$6=, /-,'#E?(!&=! , '6/: % /*0':=B ?$*'-
#!:$+/;.
% – <"'B/&/0$6=, /-,'#E?(!&=! , '6/: % =?(+':.
– ,':=D!+/! -'"! I$+/< : ,'):! #!%0' $-6:' /&=B -'- #!;, '*(-#':#!++'! , /:+'-'& /B % (+6':=&/ / ,':! B+'-6+=&/ :'"$- &/ (?$-'#!+/! ,! :/)+'!) /#/ :=?:$++'! +! $>/'+$#E+=& ' 'D!+/!& (?$-'#!+/! :6' /)+'!).
92
– ,'):''* $?':$6!#E+=; , '>!--, , /:'"<A/; 0 /?- *=6')+'&( (:#$I+!+/@ ,'):=. $)/+$!6-< - /?&!+!+/< :'"+'- :'?"(D+'%' !I/&$, +$0',#!+/< :#$%/ / :'?+/0+':!+/< $+$8 '*+=B (-- #':/; : ,'):!.
# – , '>!-- +!'* $6/&'%' /?&!+!+/< ,'):= / $-6/- 6!#E+'-6/ / -+/I!+/< */'#'%/)!-0'; , '"(06/:+'-6/, 0'6' =; : 80-- 6 !&$#E+=B -#()$<B &'I!6 , /:!-6/ 0 ,'#+'&( $? (D!+/@ */'-G! - +'%' ,'6!+>/$#$ / , !: $A!+/@ 6! /6' // : ,(-6=+@.
& * % – 0'&,#!0- $*'6, , ':'"/&=B - >!#E@ :'--6$+':- #!+/< +$ (D!++=B 6! /6' /; (, / '60 =6'; $? $*'60! &!-6' 'I"!- +/; ,'#!?+=B /-0',$!&=B, : , '>!--! -6 '/6!#E-6:$ / " .) / , /:!"!- +/< ?!&!#E+=B ()$-60': : *!?',$-+'! -'-6'<+/!.
# ' – '6B'"=, -'"! I$A/! : -:'!& -'-6$:! :!A!-6:$, '*#$"$@A/! B'6< *= '"+/& /? ',$-+=B -:';-6: (6'0-/)+'-6E, /+G!0>/- '++'-6E, :? =:'',$-+'-6E, ,'I$ '',$-+'-6E, :=-'0$< !$0>/'++$< -,'- -'*+'-6E) / , /-(6-6:(@A/! : 6$0'& 0'#/)!-6:! / : 6$0'& :/"!, )6' , !"-6$:#<@6 +!,'- !"-6:!++(@ ',$-+'-6E (0$0 -$&'-6'<6!#E+', 6$0 / , / :-6(,#!+// : 0'+6$06 - " (%/&/ :!A!-6:$&/) "#< ?"' ':E< #@"!; /#/ -'B $+!+/< '0 (I$@A!; - !"=.
6/#/?$>/< , !"-6$:#<!6 -'*'; ,! ! $*'60( '6B'"':, /&!@A(@ >!#E@ /-,'#E?':$+/! ,'#!?+=B -:';-6: '6B'"': /#/ /B 0'&,'+!+6':.
LD50 – - !"+<< -&! 6!#E+$< "'?$ 0'&,'+!+6$ : &/##/% $&&$B "!;- -6:(@A!%' :!A!-6:$ +$ 1 0% I/:'%' :!-$, :=?=:$@A$< %/*!#E 50 % ,'"',=6+=B I/:'6+=B , / '"+'0 $6+'& ,! ' $#E+'& ::!"!+// : (+/- G/>/ ':$++=B (-#':/<B, &%/0%.
LD0'I+ – - !"+<< -&! 6!#E+$< "'?$ 0'&,'+!+6$ : &/##/% $&&$B
50
"!;-6:(@A!%' :!A!-6:$ +$ 1 0% I/:'%' :!-$, :=?=:$@A$< %/*!#E 50 % ,'"',=6+=B I/:'6+=B , / '"+'0 $6+'& +$+!-!+// +$ 0'I( : (+/G/- >/ ':$++=B (-#':/<B, &%/0%.
1./)/+= +$ (D!+/< :! B+/B -#'!: ?!&+'; 0' =.
2.-+':+=! &!6'"= ?$A/6= #/6'-G! =.
3.!0(#E6/:$>/<.
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93
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#$-- ',$-+'-6/ '6B'"': ', !"!#<!6-< /+-6 (&!+6$#E+=& / $-- )!6+=& &!6'"$&/. !6'" /+-6 (&!+6$#E+'%' /?&! !+/< ?$0#@)$!6-< : ', !"!#!+// ,'0$?$6!#!; 80'6'0-/)+'-6/ '6B'"$ / :'"+'&/% $>/'++'%' ,'0$?$6!#<. -#/ : -'-6$:! '6B'"$ , /-(6-6:(@6 ' %$+/)!-0/! /#/ */'- %!++=! :!A!-6:$, , ':'"<6 6!-6 +$ (-6';)/:'-6E 0 */'"!% $"$>// "#< ', !"!#!+/< :'?&'I+'-6/ '6+!-!+/< '6B'"$ 0 0#$--( &!+ED!; ',$-+'- -6/. 6$*#. 3.12 , /:!"!+= 0 /6! // '6+!-!+/< ',$-+=B '6B'"': 0 0#$--$& ',$-+'-6/.
$*#/>$ 3.12
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III #$--, (&!- |
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1. |
6-(6-6:/! (%+!6!+/< !-6!-6:!++=B / |
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$+6 ','%!++=B */'>!+'?':. |
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6/)!-0/ +! |
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6-(6-6:/! +$ (D!+/; , / '"+'; - !- |
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94
6+!-!+/! '6B'"$ 0 0#$--( ',$-+'-6/ $-)!6+=& &!6'"'& ,' ,'0$- ?$6!#@ 80'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ '6B'"$ '-(A!-6:#<!6-< : -''6:!6-6:// - 6$*#. 3.13.
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$*#/>$ 3.13 |
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I |
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104 |
< K 106 |
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103 |
< K 104 |
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102 |
< K 103 |
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10 < K 102 |
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V |
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K < 10 |
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'0$?$6!#E ',$-+'-6/ 0'&,'+!+6$ '6B'"$ 0i – $--)/6=:$!6-< ,o |
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G' &(#!: |
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Ki |
= Ci/Wi, |
(3.20) |
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%"! i – 0'+>!+6 $>/< i-%o 0'&,'+!+6$ : '6B'"!, &%/0% '6B'"$; Wi – 0'- 8GG/>/!+6 80'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ i-%' 0'&,'+!+6$ '6B'"$.
'0$?$6!#E 80'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ '6B'"$ 0 ', !"!#<!6-< 0$0 -(&&$ ,'0$?$6!#!; ',$-+'-6/ '6"!#E+=B 0'&,'+!+6'::
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(3.21) |
i 1 |
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%"! n – 0'#/)!-6:' '6"!#E+=B 0'&,'+!+6': : '6B'"$B. |
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'8GG/>/!+6 Wi $--)/6=:$!6-< ,' '"+'; /? -#!"(@A/B G' &(#: |
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lgWi = 4 – 4/Zi, , / 1 < Zi < 2; |
(3.22) |
lgWi = Zi, , / 2 < Zi < 4; |
(3.23) |
lgWi = 2 + 4/(6 – Zi), , / 4 < Zi < 5; |
(3.24) |
%"! |
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Zi = 4Gi/3 – 1/3. |
(3.25) |
6+'-/6!#E+=; ,$ $&!6 80'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ 0'&,'+!+6$ '6- B'"$ (Gi) $--)/6=:$@6 ,' (-6$+':#!++=& ( ':+<& 6!B+'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ 0'&,'+!+6': "!#!+/!& -(&&= *$##': ,' :-!& ,$ $&!6 $& +$ 0'#/)!-6:' 86/B ,$ $&!6 ':.
-(&&$ *$##': |
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Xi )/-#' ,$ $&!6 ': ',$-+'-6/ . |
(3.26) |
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95
0'&,'+!+6= , !"-6$:#<@6 -'*'; , / '"+=! ' %$+/)!-0/! -'!"/+!+/< (X = 4, W = 106). , !"!#/6! 0#$-- ',$-+'-6/ '6B'"$.
& . ' -, $:')+/0( +$B'"/& ,'0$?$6!#/ ',$-+'-6/ , !,$ $-
6'::
!,$ $6 |
LD50, &%/0% |
LD500'I+ , &%/0% |
.?, &%/&3 |
-,/6'0- |
60 |
10 |
0.05 |
#$-- ',$-+'-6/ |
II |
I |
II |
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47 |
500 |
0.05 |
#$-- ',$-+'-6/ |
II |
II |
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$--)/6=:$!& '6+'-/6!#E+=; ,$ $&!6 80'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ 0'&,'+!+6$ '6B'"$ (G) ,' ( $:+!+/@ (3.26):
#< , !,$ $6$ « -,/6'0-» G1 = 5 : 3 = 1,67.#< , !,$ $6$ G2 = 6 : 3 = 2.
' ( $:+!+/@ (3.25) ', !"!#<!& ,'0$?$6!#E Z "#< , !,$ $6$ « -- ,/6'0-»
Z1 = (4 1,67 : 3) – 1 : 3 = 1,894 / "#< , !,$ $6$
Z2 = (4 2 : 3) – 1 : 3 = 2,334.$--)/6=:$!& 0'8GG/>/!+6 Wi.
#< , !,$ $6$ « -,/6'0-» (Z1 < 2) ,' ( $:+!+/@ (3.22) lgW1 = 4 – 4 : 1,984 = 1,984.
#< , !,$ $6$ (2 < Z2 < 4) ,' ( $:+!+/@ (3.23) lgW2 = 2,334.
6-@"$ W1 = 96,38, W2 = 215,77.
'+>!+6 $>/< $--)/6=:$!& 0$0 '6+'D!+/! &$--= 0'&,'+!+6$ '6- B'"$ 0 '*A!; &$--! '6B'"$. #< « -,/6'0-»
1 = 200000/1 = 200000 &%/0%.#<2 = 400000/1 = 400000 &%/0%.
, !"!#<!& ,'0$?$6!#E 80'#'%/)!-0'; ',$-+'-6/ '6B'"$ (K) ,' ( $:+!+/<& (3.20) / (3.21):
0 = (200000 : 96,38) + (400000 : 215,77) = 3928,95.
' 6$*#. 3.13 ', !"!#<!&, )6' '6B'" '6+'-/6-< 0' II 0#$--( ',$-+'-
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1. 6B'" , '/?:'"-6:$ 0 $-/6!#!; -'-6'/6 /? -&!-/ ,' 'D0': n- *!+?'B/+'+$ / |-+$G6'B/+'+$ : -''6+'D!+// 1:3. *A$< &$--$ '6B'"$
12 0%, /? +/B 4 0% , !"-6$:#<@6 -'*'; , $06/)!-0/ +!',$-+=! :!A!-6:$ (Xi = 4, Wi = 106). ? -, $:')+=B "$++=B /?:!-6+= ,'0$?$6!#/ ',$-+'-6/
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96
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LD50, &%/0% |
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250 |
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6B'" |
LD50, &%/0% |
LC50, &%/0% |
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LC50 &%/0% |
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! !)!+E !0'&!+"(!&'; #/6! $6( = 0 %#$:! III: [1], [5], [10–14], [18], [20–21], [23–24], [28–29], [31], [34], [35–36], [38].
97
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98
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+$ :'-, '/?:'"-6:' / 'B $+( , / '"+=B !-( -':.
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99
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$--$ :=* '-': (-* '-':) ?$% <?+<@A/B :!A!-6: ,'" $?"!#<!6-< +$ -#!"(@A/! 0$6!%' //:
, !"!#E+' "',(-6/&=! :=* '-=, -* '-= ( / );
: !&!++' -'%#$-':$++=! :=* '-=, -* '-= ( / ) /#/ #/&/6=, (-6$+$:#/:$!&=! +$ ,! /'" "'-6/I!+/< / ;
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:=* '-': (-* '-':) -)/6$!6-< -:! B#/&/6+=&/ (-* '-$&/).
6'%':=; $?&! ,#$6= , !", /<6/< : 0'+0 !6+'& %'"(:
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:=* '-$&/
(4.1)
%"! 0/+" – 0'8GG/>/!+6 /+"!0-$>// ,#$6= : 0'+0 !6+'& %'"(, 0'-'*.6! = 2 "','#+/6!#E+=; 0'8GG/>/!+6 "#< '-'*' 'B $+<!&=B , /-'"+=B 6! /6' /;, "#< '-6$#E+=B 6! /6' /; = 1.
#$6$ , !", /<6/< ?$ :=* '-=, -* '-= , $?&!A!+/! '6B'"': / " (%/! :/"= :'?"!;-6:/< +, :
+, = +"', + +#/& + +-:! B#/&, |
(4.2) |
%"! +"', – ,#$6$ ?$ ?$% <?+!+/! : % $+/>$B , !"!#E+' "',(-6/&=B +' - |
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!$ (%0 % 0 % ) ):3 + ( 3$($/ % $"
#$6$ , !", /<6/; ?$ :=* '-= (-* '-=) '6 -6$>/'+$ +=B /-- 6')+/0': ', !"!#<!6-< 0$0:
+-,6 +-"',6 +-#/&6 +--6:! B#/& . |
(4.3) |
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%"! i = 1, 2 …n – ?$% <?+<@A!! :!A!-6:', :=* $-=:$!&'! : , !"!#$B "',(-6/&'%' +' &$6/:$; Ui"', – &$--$ i-%' , :=* $-=:$!&'%' : , !"!-
#$B "',(-6/&'%' +' &$6/:$, 6; C"/G"',.i – "/GG! !+>/ ':$++$< -6$:0$ ,#$- 6= ?$ :=* '- 1 6'++= i-%' : , !"!#$B "',(-6/&'%' +' &$6/:$, (*./6;
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(4.5) |
j
100