English for Economist and managers-1

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ББК 81.432.1-923 М15

Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета ФГБОУ ВПО «ВГЛТА» (протокол № 3 от 28 декабря 2012 г.)

Рецензенты: кафедра общего языкознания и стилистики ФГБОУ ВПО «ВГУ»; д-р техн. наук, проф. кафедры иностранных языков

ВИ ГПС МЧС России Л.В. Квасова

Маклакова, Е. А.

М15 Иностранный язык. English for economists and managers. Английский язык для экономистов и менеджеров [Текст] : учебное пособие / Е. А. Маклакова, А. А. Илунина, Ю. А. Литвинова ; М-во образования и науки РФ, ФГБОУ ВПО «ВГЛТА». – Воронеж, 2014. – 195 с.

ISBN 978-5-7994-0610-3 (в обл.)

Учебное пособие содержит 12 разделов, каждый из которых включает в себя учебные тексты, снабженные предтекстовыми и послетекстовыми упражнениями, грамматический раздел с тестами, а также разделы, посвященные формированию навыков повседневного общения и письма. В основу пособия положен современный аутентичный материал, охватывающий основные направления подготовки студентов-бакалавров экономического факультета ВГЛТА.

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1-3 курсов экономического факультета по направлениям подготовки 080100 – Экономика (профили «Мировая экономика», «Экономика предприятий и организаций», «Бухгалтерский учет, анализ и аудит»), 080200 – Менеджмент.

ББК 81.432.1-923

©Маклакова Е. А., Илунина А. А., Литвинова Ю. А., 2014

ISBN 978-5-7994-0610-3 © ФГБОУ ВПО «Воронежская государственная лесотехническая академия», 2014

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UNIT 1

READING

Text 1

Economics

Economics is a social science studying economy. Like the natural sciences and other social sciences, economics attempts to find laws or principles.

Economics tries to find laws or principles by building models. The predictions of the models form the basis of economic theories. Then the predictions of the models are compared with the facts of the real world.

Economics is the study of the choices people make to satisfy their wants and needs. It is the study of how society allocates scarce resources and goods.

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1. Match the English and the Russian equivalents:

2.Translate these word combinations:

1.to find laws or principles

2.to form the basis

3.to compare with the facts

4.to satisfy the needs

1.to allocate the goods

2.to make a choice

3.to build models

3. Say if the statements are true or false.

1.Economics builds models.

2.Natural sciences study economy.

3.Economics studies people‘s choices.

4.Society allocates economic theories.

5.Scientists compare the facts with the predictions of the models.

6.People try to satisfy their wants and needs.

7.Economics is the study of economy.

4. Read these words and make a few sentences of your own:

1.economics as a science

2.laws or principles

3.the basis of

4.the predictions of the models

5.the study of the choices

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5. Say what parts of speech the words in italic are and make the sentences interrogative:

1.Society allocates scarce resources.

2.The models form the basis of economic theories.

3.Economics tries to find laws or principles.

4.People satisfy their wants and needs.

5.Economics is a social science.

6.Answer the questions:

1.What is a social science studying economy?

2.What attempts to find laws or principles?

3.What forms the basis of economic theories?

4.What is compared with the facts of the real world?

5.What allocates scarce resources and goods?

Read and translate the text. Learn the unknown words.

Text 2

Microeconomics and macroeconomics

Economics as a science consists of two disciplines that is of microeconomics and macroeconomics.

Microeconomics is the branch of economics that studies individual producers, consumers, or markets. Microeconomics also studies how government activities such as regulations and taxes affect individual markets. Besides microeconomics tries to understand what factors affect the prices, wages and earnings.

Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the economy as a whole. It tries to understand the picture as a whole rather than small parts of it. In particular, it studies the overall values of output, of unemployment and of inflation.

1. Find English equivalents for the following Russian expressions:

1.отдельные производители

2.деятельность правительства

3.картина в целом

4.безработица и инфляция

5.отрасль экономической науки

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2. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1.Economics as a science is divided into two branches.

2.Microeconomics studies individual producers and consumers.

3.Many factors are influencing prices and wages.

4.Economics tries to understand the picture as a whole as well as small parts of it.

5.Government regulations and taxes affect individual markets.

3. Say if the statements are true or false:

1.Economics is the branch of microeconomics.

2.Macroeconomics consists of two disciplines.

3.Macroeconomics is the branch of economics.

4.Government activities affect individual markets.

5.Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole.

4. Read these words and make a few sentences of your own:

1.microeconomics and macroeconomics

2.the overall values of output

3.regulations and taxes

4.wages and earnings

5.the branch of economics

5. Answer the questions:

1.What consists of microeconomics and macroeconomics?

2.What studies individual producers, consumers, or markets?

3.What affects individual markets?

4.What tries to understand the picture as a whole?

5.What studies the overall values of output, of unemployment and of inflation?

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Text 3

The Economy

We hear or read the word «economy» almost every day. For example, we may be told that «the European economy is making little progress out of recession», or «the UK economy is beginning to recover», or «the Scottish economy has held up relatively well during the recent recession».

But what is meant by the economy? The economy is a financial state of a country. It is the way in which a country makes and uses its money, goods and other resources. There are several economic systems in the world.

Capitalist economy is a system where each person has the right to invest money, to work in business, to buy and sell with no restrictions from the state.

Controlled economy means a system where business activity is controlled by orders from the government.

In a free market economy the government does not interfere in business activity in any way.

Planned economy is a system where the government plans all business activity. Mixed economy contains both nationalized industries and private enterprise.