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ББК 81.432.1-923

Милованова, И. В. Английский язык [Текст] : методические указания к выполнению контрольных работ для студентов I – II курсов заочной формы обучения специальности 250201 – Лесное хозяйство / И. В. Милованова ; Фед. агентство по образованию, ГОУ ВПО «ВГЛТА». – Воронеж, 2010. – 55 с.

Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета ГОУ ВПО «ВГЛТА» (протокол № 2 от 9 октября 2009 г.)

Рецензент: доц. кафедры иностранных языков ВГПУ, д-р филол. наук А.Э. Воротникова

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Контрольная работа № 1

Для того, чтобы выполнить контрольную работу № 1, необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:

1.Части речи.

2.Артикль:

-определенный артикль

-неопределенный артикль

-особые случаи употребления артикля

-отсутствие артикля

3.Предлог:

-место предлога в предложении

-наиболее употребительные предлоги

4.Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.

5.Глаголы to be, to have, to do.

6.Времена Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple в действительном

залоге.

Вариант 1

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Forest

The forest is one of the natural forms of vegetation of the globe. Thousands of years ago virgin forests of various types covered a great part of the earth’s surface. With the increase of the population and advances of technique and agriculture the forest area decreased, but they are still very considerable. Forests cover from 22 to 30 % of the land area. In Russia forests cover huge area – more than one-third of the country’s territory, or one-forth of the world total. Forest is not only an inexhaustible source of raw material. It also means favorable climate, abundant rivers and a recreation site.

The forests of our country are divided into three groups. Group I consists of various forest reserves such as shelter belts.

Group II represents watershed protection forests. They are located mainly in the central and western parts of European Russia.

Group III represents the areas open for economic exploitation. The principal commercial forest trees of our country are pine, spruce, larch, aspen, oak, and beech.

Forests are man’s best friends. They make the climate milder, protect soil from erosion, prevent river-beds from filling in and freshen the air in cities. They provide the country’s economy with building materials, artificial fibres, paper, vitamins and resin. We call forests the green gold of our country.

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Пояснения к тексту: Vegetation - растительность Virgin forests - девственные леса

Raw material - сырьевой материал

Pine - сосна

Spruce - канадская ель Larch - лиственница

Aspen - осина Oak - дуб Beech - бук

River-bed - русло реки Resin - смола

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What is forest?

2.What forests covered the earth’s surface in prehistoric times?

3.What area do forests cover in Russia and in the world?

4.How do forests help to protect nature?

5.How many groups of forests are there in our country?

6.What role does forest play nowadays?

7.What materials do forests give to the country’s economy?

Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте предложения, содержащие существительные в притяжательном падеже. Выпишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, подчеркнув в них данную конструкцию.

Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста по одному предложению, иллюстрирующему употребление времен в Present Simple и Past Simple. Подчеркните сказуемые в выписанных предложениях. Предложения переведите.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном времени, лице

ичисле.

1.My father (to found) his business in 1999.

2.I to hope he (to be) at the office tomorrow.

3.I (to be) sure you (to like) the music.

4.We (to meet) last summer.

5.When you (to give) me back my textbook?

6.Clearing out the room I (to find) these old stamps.

7.She (to take) a shower every day.

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Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.

1.She goes … the University … bus.

2.We agreed to meet … the cinema … 6.30.

3.He puts the book … bookcase.

4.The children are going home … school.

5.Who is sitting … the window?

6.We didn’t want to stay … town on such a hot day, so we went … the country.

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо.

1.What is … name of this village?

2.Jane is … very nice person. You must see her.

3.What is … largest city in Canada?

4.When I went to Rome I stayed with … Italian friend of mine.

5.You look very tired. You need … holiday.

6.Don’t sit on … floor. It’s very dirty.

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

Вариант 2

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Forest – the national wealth of Russia

Forests are the green riches of our planet, and wood is the third after oil and coal as the source of natural materials used by the present-day civilization of human beings. The rational use, preservation and replenishment of our natural resources and careful approach to our natural surroundings are very important nowadays. Preservation and thrifty use of the forests have become especially up- to-date in our time, in the period of solving cardinal problems of nature protection.

The forest in Russia takes up more than a third of the country’s territory. It is one of the most important components of its geographic environment and biosphere, having a direct influence upon the formation of conditions for human life. The forest is a powerful factor in regulating the water balance and climate. It enriches the air with oxygen and neutralizes air pollution and averts soil erosion. Forests protect arable lands from winds and dust storms. Forests beautify man’s life, creating best possible conditions for medical treatment and rest.

We are now confronted by a complex task: to secure the maximum satisfaction of the growing demands for different forest raw materials, and to preserve and multiply the wealth of our forests.

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Пояснения к тексту:

Natural resources – природные ресурсы

Up-to-date – современный, соответствующий современным требованиям Arable lands – пахотные земли

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What measures are very important nowadays?

2.Why is preservation of forests up-to-date in our time?

3.What territory do forests occupy in Russia?

4.What natural conditions do forests regulate?

5.What land do forests protect from winds and dust storms?

Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста любые два предложения, сказуемые которых выражены глаголом to be (одно предложение в единственном числе, другое – во множественном числе). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого выражено глаголом в Present Perfect. Подчеркните сказуемое двумя чертами. Предложение переведите.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном времени, лице и числе.

1.The pens and pencils (to be) on the table.

2.He (to have) a large family.

3.I suddenly (to see) beautiful birds in the window.

4.I (to be) afraid they (to miss) you very much.

5.I (not to go) to the cinema every day.

6.She (to help) mother yesterday.

7.Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow.

Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.

1.According … newspaper reviews the film promised to be interesting.

2.Tom gets up … half past six, has breakfast and … ten minutes … past seven leaves … home.

3.The pencils are … the box.

4.The teacher is … the blackboard.

5.I am busy … my work.

6.It is very late. Go … bed at once.

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Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо.

1.What time is it? – I don’t know. I haven’t got …watch.

2.Let’s go to … restaurant this evening. – This is …good idea.

3.Can you turn on … radio, please? I want to listen to … some music.

4.Tom is in … bathroom. He’s having … bath.

5.This is … nice room, but I don’t like … colour of … carpet.

6.We live in … old house near … station. It’s two miles from … center.

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

Вариант 3

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

The tree

A tree is a woody plant with a single stem. The principal parts are: roots, stem, branches, buds, leaves, flowers, fruit and seed.

The stem, branches and roots are made up of inner bark, outer bark, and heartwood.

The bark covers the whole surface of the trunk, branches and roots and serves as a protection to the tree.

The sapwood is the portion of the wood next to the bark. It is the most active part of the growing tree, and contains considerable plantfood and more water than the heartwood does.

The heartwood is the wood in the center of the trunk and is generally distinguished from the sapwood by its more compact structure and darker color.

The roots supply water and nourishment that the plant receives from the soil, but only the young roots have power of taking up the soil water. The older roots are most useful in holding the tree in place.

Buds are placed regularly on the young branches and are either alternate or opposite. There are two kinds of buds – flower buds which develop into flowers and fruit, and leafbuds, which develop into leaves and branches.

The leaves of trees vary greatly in size and shape. Leaves are made of a cellular tissue and covered with a thin skin with many small pores in it, through which the plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air and gives off oxygen and water.

Пояснения к тексту: Root – корень

Stem (trunk) – ствол, стебель Branches – ветви

Buds – почки

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Alternate buds – очередные почки

Opposite buds – суппротивные почки

Seed – семя

Bark – кора

Heartwood – сердцевина

Sapwood – заболонь

Nourishment – питание

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What is a tree?

2.What does the bark cover?

3.What is the function of the bark?

4.What is the most active portion of the wood in growing tree?

5.Where is the heartwood situated?

6.What functions do the roots fulfill?

7.How many kinds of buds do you know? What are they?

8.How does the plant receive carbon dioxide from the air?

Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого содержит глагол to be. Подчеркните сказуемое двумя чертами. Предложение переведите.

Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте предложение, содержащее оборот There is / There are. Выпишите его и переведите на русский язык.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном времени, лице и числе.

1.At this time tomorrow we (to be) far from here.

2.When you (to leave) home for work every day?

3.I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday.

4.My sister (to wash) the dishes every morning.

5.We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer.

6.You (to invite) your cousin to stay with you next summer.

7.Various kinds of sports (to be) popular in Russia.

Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.

1.I shall stay here … 5 o’clock.

2.The boys went … a small round table … the window, took a menu-card … the next table and began to read it.

3.I invited my cousin to come … me to the theatre.

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4.There were many people … the box-office.

5.My brother is a worker. He works … a plant.

6.I am writing … a pen.

Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо.

1.I have … flat. … flat is quite large and comfortable.

2.Open … door, please.

3.They went into the restaurant and sat down at … table by the window.

4.I’ve bought … newspaper.

5.He has … deep knowledge of the subject.

6.I like … literature and history.

Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.

Вариант 4

Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.

Reproduction of trees

This characteristic of a tree is of extreme importance to a forester, as the future forest crop depends on the successful starting of new growth. There are three methods of natural regeneration: by seed, by sprouts and by suckers.

Seed production depends physiologically on the ability of a plant to elaborate more food than it needs for growth and after accumulating it in the parenchymatous tissues for several years, it disposes of the extra energy by bearing an unusual quantity of seed. Some seed is produced every year as a rule, but these years of large seed production called “seed years” vary with different species as far as frequency is concerned and indeed within the species depending on climatic conditions, site, etc.

Reproduction by suckers is another method of natural regeneration. By suckering is meant the sending up shoots from underground roots. This method is not of economic importance, as a rule, because the suckers of most species are extremely apt to die. In certain species, however, such as beech and poplar, growth from suckers is often responsible for the extension and maintenance of the stand. The more the mature trees are cut out, the denser will be the thickets of suckers sent up from the roots.

Starting a forest by means of sprouts is known as coppicing and is a very desirable means of regeneration with certain species, as maple, chestnut, etc. However, it should not be continued too long, as it is apt to exhaust soils and to lower the vitality of the parent stump.

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Пояснения к тексту: Seed – семя

Sprout – росток, побег

Sucker – побег Tissue – ткань

Seed years – годы семяношения

Species – вид, виды Shoot – побег

Coppice – молодой лесок, поросль

Maple – клен Chestnut – каштан Stump - пень

Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What are three methods of natural regeneration of trees?

2.What factors does seed production depend on?

3.How often is seed produced?

4.What is suckering?

5.What are the disadvantages of this method?

6.How is starting a forest by means of sprouts called?

Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте предложение, содержащее прилагательные, стоящие в одной из степеней сравнения. Выпишите его и переведите предложение на русский язык.

Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста предложение, содержащее оборот There is / There are. Предложение переведите.

Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном времени, лице и числе.

1.They (to have) a very nice flat in Moscow.

2.His daughter (to be) a little girl. She (to be) three years old.

3.She (not to know) what to do, when someone finally (to hear) her cries for help.

4.When you (to leave) home every day?

5.I (to go) to bed at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

6.Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to the Institute. 7. I (to write) a letter to my father yesterday.

Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.

1. I’ve got a letter … my friend.