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2.He took me … an upstairs room.
3.My mother bought the dress … my sister.
4.We left … 5 o’clock.
5.She will be here … 20 minutes’ time.
6.This is a book … my brother.
Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо.
1.They are still working in … field.
2.Give me one of … books.
3.They lived … quiet life.
4.He is … engineer.
5.You can get there in … time, if you go by … train.
6.Have you got … ticket for … concert … tomorrow night?
Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.
Вариант 5
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.
The volume and increment of timber
The determination of the kinds, amounts and quality of standing timber is essential in order to plan systematically for future management. Likewise it is necessary to know the rate at which timber is being produced annually or periodically. With this information it becomes possible to plan the procedures that will increase and improve the growing stand, and it also becomes possible to compute the amounts of wood that can be cut without depleting the forest capital. The volume of standing timber is frequently referred to as the growing stock, and the wood produced is termed the increment. The branch of forestry that is concerned with the determination of the contents of stands and their products and the increase in volume is forest mensuration.
Land surveys are usually necessary in order to prepare maps and determine areas. Timber estimates or stock inventories, along with increment studies, provide the essential facts concerning timber. When the forest surveys and stock inventories are completed, the data are obtained for the foundation of the management plan.
Пояснения к тексту:
Increment of timber – прирост древесины
Stand – древостой, насаждение
Standing timber – растущий лес
Growing stock – запас на корню, растущий запас
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Forest mensuration – таксация леса (на корню)
Land survey – лесная съемка
Timber estimating – таксация срубленной древесины
Stock inventory – инвентаризация, таксация запаса
Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.Why is determination of the kinds, amounts and quality of standing timber essential?
2.What rate is it necessary to know?
3.How do we often call the volume of standing timber?
4.What is forest mensuration?
5.Why are land surveys usually necessary in the forests?
Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте неопределенно-личные предложения. Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.
Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого выражено глаголом в Present Simple в действительном залоге. Предложение переведите.
Упражнение 5. Раскройте скобки и употребите глагол в нужном времени, лице и числе.
1.Don’t wait for me, I probably (to be) late.
2.You (to watch) TV yesterday?
3.My friend (to visit) his granny every Wednesday.
4.He (to go) to the south a week ago.
5.I (not to have) history lessons every day.
6.When I (to be) about fifteen years old, I (to enjoy) playing football.
7.Nelly (to leave) for Moscow tomorrow.
Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
1.The book is … the table.
2.I am going … my friend.
3.We are speaking … the new film.
4.It is only half … one, but there are a lot of people … the canteen already.
5.The bookcase stood … the window.
6.Mike likes to have something tasty … dinner.
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Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски артиклями там, где это необходимо.
1.There is … vacant seat in … third row.
2.… last week of the month was full of events.
3.What … lovely day!
4.This is such … difficult sentence that I can’t translate it.
5.He has lived in … North for 15 years.
6.I’ve got … son and … daughter.
Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.
Контрольная работа № 2
К выполнению контрольной работы № 2 следует приступить после повторения грамматического и лексического материала предыдущих заданий, а также следующих разделов грамматики:
1.Местоимения:
-личные
-притяжательные
-неопределенные
-many, much, few, little
-some, any, no, every и слова, производные от них
2.Предложение и его виды. Структура английского предложения.
3.Simple Tenses, Continuous Tenses, Perfect Tenses в действительном залоге.
Вариант 1
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.
Factors influencing reproduction of trees by seed
Light and food are the most important factors in seed manufacture. Consequently open grown trees produce a larger amount of seed than those grown in close stand and can produce seed at a much earlier age. Twenty five years is the average age at which open grown trees begin to bear seed. Forest grown trees bear their seed chiefly at the top, while those submerged beneath the canopy of the forest rarely bear any seed at all. A tree growing in the open with plenty of light available will bear seed at the ends of practically all branches.
Heat is also important for seed production. Seed years are due to the favorable temperature and moisture conditions of the previous seasons and therefore are likely to become more frequent with good climatic conditions and freedom from any disturbance, such as defoliation, drought, etc.
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Some species bear seed at a very early age but, as a rule, the seed produced is apt to be of low fertility. Seed is produced by trees until they are very old. It is not uncommon to find a tree producing a heavy crop of seed a year or two before it dies.
Пояснения к тексту:
Open grown trees – деревья, растущие на открытой площади Close stand – густой древостой
Canopy – лесной полог
To be due to – вызываться чем-либо или быть обусловленным Defoliation – опадение листьев, листопад
Drought - засуха
Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.What are the most important factors in seed manufacture?
2.What trees produce a larger amount of seed?
3.Where do forest grown trees bear their seed?
4.What climatic conditions are favorable for seed years?
5.At what age can trees produce seed?
Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого выражено глаголом to be. Переведите его на русский язык.
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте неопределенно-личное предложение. Выпишите его и переведите на русский язык.
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски местоимениями many, much, little, few.
1.How … eggs are there in the fridge, Paul?
2.I couldn’t buy ten rolls. They had very … .
3.We don’t need … orange juice.
4.There is … milk in the jug. It’s practically empty.
5.There are … lumps of sugar left. You should bring some more.
6.Have you got … money? This golden ring is rather expensive.
Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или в
Present Continuous Tenses.
1.What you (to do) here now? We (to listen) to tape-recordings.
2.You (to want) to see my father? – Yes, I … .
3.What magazine you (to read) ? – It (to be) a French magazine.
4.We (to have) an English lesson now.
5.Lena usually (to prepare) her homework at the Institute.
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6.It (to take) me forty minutes to get to my house.
7.Victor (to write) a letter to his grandmother who (to live) in Novgorod.
Упражнение 7. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме.
1.The Smiths live in London.
2.Your uncle is coming to see us tonight.
3.It took me an hour to get to the station.
4.Ann will attend classes in Physical culture next month.
5.We were having lunch at 12 o’clock yesterday.
6.Kitty writes exercises well.
7.I was very hungry and tired.
8.It is already getting dark.
Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.
Вариант 2
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.
Tree growth
Most trees grow in height and width by sending out shoots. The growth in height is made each year at the terminal bud of the main stem or stems.
A tree grows by forming new cells under the bark and at the tips of the branches and roots each growing season, thus increasing its diameter, height and extent of root system each year.
The amount of growth in a tree is shown in the amount of wood formed, which is called an annual ring. During each period of growth two new rings are formed – one on the outside of the sapwood and another on the inside of the outer bark. So by counting the rings of wood in the stem we can determine very closely the age of the trees. On close examination of the cross-section of an oak and many other trees it will be noticed that each ring is made up of two very distinct kinds of tissue and that one portion is very loose and open and the other very close and hard. The loose and open wood was formed during the rapid growth of spring and early summer. The dense, firm wood was formed during the summer when growth is slow.
Nearly all plants require a certain rest period for their best development. Owing to the rest period the plants undergo very few changes and yet there is still some growth during mild weather in winter. As evaporation must be going on most of the time from twigs and buds, water must be supplied from the roots.
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Пояснения к тексту: Shoot – побег
Terminal bud – почка роста Bark – кора
Root system – корневая система
Loose and open wood – рыхлая древесина Sapwood – заболонь
Stem – ствол
Twig - веточка
Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.How does a tree grow?
2.What is an annual ring?
3.How many rings are formed during each period of growth?
4.What can we determine by counting the rings?
5.What is the ring of most trees made up of?
6.What period do nearly all plants require?
7.Do the plants undergo any changes during the rest period? What are they?
Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого стоит в Present Simple. Подчеркните сказуемое и переведите предложение на русский язык.
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте неопределенно-личное предложение. Выпишите его и переведите на русский язык.
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски местоимениями some, any, no.
1.Are there … students here from Japan?
2.There are … students here from China, but there are not … from India.
3.They have … really good friends. Have you got …?
4.If … difficulties arise, let me know.
5.- Can … of you help us? - … problem.
6.- Is there … news? – Yes, there are … letters on the desk.
Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или в
Present Perfect.
1.We (to travel) around Europe last year.
2.My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot.
3.I (to see) Peter today.
4.Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago.
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5.The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk.
6.The children already (to decide) what books to read.
7.I (to buy) a new hat yesterday.
Упражнение 7. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме.
1.His friend was giving a lesson at 5 o’clock.
2.They will win the game.
3.My son is a student.
4.She is writing another article this year.
5.I shall be doing my homework at 8 o’clock tomorrow.
6.Grace reads many newspapers.
7.Ann got a letter yesterday.
8.We were glad to see each other.
Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.
Вариант 3
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.
Life of a tree
Trees are like other plants that grow from seeds. They have roots, stems and leaves. But unlike other plants they may live for many years. No other plants are as hardy as trees.
Each of the main part of the tree has some way of living through summer heat and winter cold. The upper section of the root has a tough skin that keeps it from freezing or drying out. The root tips reach deep into the ground. There the soil does not freeze, and there they can find water all year.
The bark protects the trunk, branches and twigs. Between the bark and the wood there is a green layer. Small tubes run through it. These tubes carry down to the root the food made by the leaves. The food that is not used by the root is stored. Other small tubes run through the wood and carry water from the root to the leaves.
Trees, like individuals, are damaged by various agencies, and different species are able to resist these agencies in varying degrees. Among the enemies of the forest wind, snow, insects, fungi and fire may be mentioned. The individual resistance of a given species is of extreme importance in forest management and the desirability of a tree depends on its vitality and ability to throw off the attacks of various enemies.
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Пояснения к тексту: Root – корень
Stem – ствол, стебель
Leaves – листья
Root tips – верхушки (кончики) корня
Bark – кора Trunk – ствол
Insects – насекомые Fungi – гриб, плесень
Vitality - жизнеспособность
Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.What parts does the tree consist of?
2.What is the difference between the tree and other plants?
3.What part protects the root from freezing and drying out?
4.What role does the bark play?
5.How is the food made by the leaves carried to the roots?
6.What are the enemies of the forests?
7.What does the desirability of a tree depend on?
Упражнение 3. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого выражено глаголом to have. Переведите предложение на русский язык. Поставьте его в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте предложение, содержащее сравнительную конструкцию с двойным союзом as … as. Выпишите предложение и переведите его на русский язык.
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски местоимениями somebody, anybody, nobody.
1.It is so dark here! Can you see … in front of us?
2.I saw … I knew at the lecture.
3.I’m sure there is … inside, just knock louder!
4.If … comes he will give you a call.
5.Do you really think that … visits this place?
6.… wanted to do anything.
Упражнение 6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или в
Past Perfect.
1. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner.
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2.He (to study) French before he (to enter) the University.
3.When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin).
4.Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands.
5.Mary (to think) that her father (not yet to come) home.
6.Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o’clock.
7.Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before.
Упражнение 7. Поставьте предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме.
1.I was waiting for him at the station at 8 o’clock in the morning.
2.My aunt will be knitting the whole morning tomorrow.
3.You have got a lovely present.
4.The seat is free.
5.My friend enjoyed his holiday very much.
6.My parents are going to the theatre tonight.
7.She will go to the library tomorrow.
8.Peter had many friends at school.
Упражнение 8. Кратко изложите содержание текста на языке обучения.
Вариант 4
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте и переведите данный текст.
Trees in different seasons of a year
Trees are different in each season of the year. Evergreen trees, such as pine and spruce, have leaves shaped like needles. They are covered with an oily skin which keeps them from freezing or drying. Other kinds of trees prepare for winter by shedding their leaves. Late in summer, the bottom of each leaf stem begins to harden. Less and less water passes from the twig into the leaf. The leaf begins to loose its green color.
They turn yellow, red, purple, and brown. Soon winds tear the withered leaves from their twigs. Strong gusts blow them away.
New leaves will be ready to take place of the old ones. They are hidden in buds, covered with thick coats. The buds were made in summer.
When spring comes, sap rises from the roots. It goes into the buds. They swell and grow. Suddenly they open. Out come the new leaves.
Flowers come from the buds too. Soon seeds start to form. But they ripen slowly. Many kinds fall to the ground in autumn and lie there through the winter. When spring comes, they sprout.
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Some seeds do not get far from their parent trees. They become seedlings that live for just a few years. They die because they cannot get through sunlight.
Other seedlings grow. They live for many years and become great, beautiful trees.
Пояснения к тексту:
Evergreen trees – вечнозеленые деревья
Pine – сосна
Spruce – канадская ель
To shed leaves – сбрасывать листья Twig – небольшая ветка
Withered leaves – высохшие листья
Bud – почка Coat – оболочка
Sap – сок
To ripen – созревать To sprout – прорастать
Seedlings – молодые деревца
Упражнение 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1.What leaves have evergreen trees?
2.How do other kinds of trees prepare for winter?
3.What happens with the withered leaves in autumn?
4.Where do the foundations of new leaves lay?
5.What processes begin when spring comes?
6.How do seeds ripen?
Упражнение 3. Найдите в тексте два предложения, сказуемые которых выражены глаголами to be и to have. Выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.
Упражнение 4. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого стоит в Future Simple. Переведите его на русский язык. Поставьте в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски местоимениями somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere.
1.I put my dictionary … yesterday and now I can’t find it … . – Of course, that is because your leave your books … .
2.You must go … next summer.
3.Today is a holiday. There are flags, banners, and flowers … .