Утевская Н.Л. - English Grammar Book - 2011

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lf оп/у means Н1е same as 1wish but it is more dramatic.

lf оп/у1wеге гicl?er.

lf wish expresses а future change unlikely to ~1appen, dissatisfactioп, lack of

hope or disappointmeпt июufd + infiпitive is used.

lt is possiЬie only wt1e11 the subject of the main clause ( 1wish) is not the same as the subject ofthe object clause.

1wish he would studytoгhis exams. (But 1don 'tthink he willwish for а future change unlikely to tшppen.)

1wish Апп would go to t/Je uпiveгsity. (She has refused to do so and l'm unhappy about it -- dissatisfaction.)

1wis/1 you would Ье quiet. (Piease Ье quiet, but 1 don'texpect you will - reqLJest expressir1g lack of hope.)

1 wish it would stop raiпiпg. (But 1'mafraid it woп't stop raining - wish

expressiпg disappoiпtmeпt.)

~EXERCISES

Exercise 1

1.lt's а pity I have по one to advise me wlыt to do under the circumstances.

2.It's а pity we саппоt book seats а week al1ead. 3. It's а pity there is по iпqнiry office пеаrЬу. 4.lt's apitywe l1ave to postpone ourtour. 5. It's apityyoн don't

know the langнage well enough to uпderstaпd the autlюr's seпse of htiШOLir.

6.lt's а pity he is поt iп towп at preseпt. 7. lt's а pity you are поt acquainted with tllis сhаппiпg persoн. 8. It's а pity she is at work at tl1is momeпt. 9. lt's а

pity уон are so sad.

Exercise 11

Parapllпtse the followiпg seпtences so as to нsе tl1e sнbjuпctive шооd after tl1e verb

to wish.

disappoiпted tlыt he wouldn't Ье able to see the filrn. 6. 1 regret now поt haviпg told her all the trutl1 tl1eп. 7. What а pity you can't swim. 8. l'm awfнlly sorry 1 kept уон waitiпg so loпg. 9. It's а pity I couldn 't go to tl1e tl1eatre witl1 you. 10. l'm vегу sorrytlшt I have distшbed you. 11. Jt's а pity yotl are leaviпg so sооп. 12. l'd like to see tl1e film agaiп. 13. It \Vas а pity we could поt see tl1e stage well. 14. Т11еу were sorry they !1adп't takeп а taxi авd had missed tl1eir traiп.

ре, я себя плохо чувствую. б. Она жалела, что приехала на юг. 7. Жаль,

что вы не успели прочесть эту интересную статью. 8. Жаль, что я не

знакома с семьей Петровых. 9. Хорошо, если бы я мог достать эту

редкую марку для своей коллекции. 10. Он жалел, что ему не было слышно, о чем говорили внизу. 11. Ей очень хотелось, чтобы кто-ни­

будь заметил ее и спросил, что она тут делает. 12. Я бы хотел знать,

куда мы сейчас идем. 13. Жаль, что я не знаю, как ты достиг таких

хороших результатов.

Exercise IX

Traпslate into English нsing the sнbjнnctive mood after the verb wis/1.

1. Как бы я хотел, спобы твоя дочь была немножко похожа на тебя. 2. Я

бы хотел, чтобы ты пришел к тому или иному решению. 3. Он очень хо­

тел, 'Побы этот вечер кончился. 4. Я иногда жалею, что решил написать

эту книгу. 5. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы у нас был настоящий сад. б. Как я

жалею, что я сделал это. 7. Я бы хотел, чтобы ты снова начал писать стихи. 8. Я бы хотел, чтобы он перестал мне писать. 9. Как жаль, что я не застал его дома. 1О. Я пожалела, что рассказала им о себе. 11. Жаль, что я не сказала правды. 12. Как жаль, что я не знала, что тебе нужен этот журнал. 13. Я пожалел, что не принЯJТ участия в экскурсии. 14. Жаль, что

вы не послушались совета врача.

Exercise Х

Translate iнto Eпglish нsiпg the sнbjнnctive nюod after the verb ~vi~h.

1. Желательно, чтобы студенты говорили друг с другом по-английски.

2. Как жаль, что идет дождь. 3. Как бы я хотела быть сейчас дома.

4. Как жаль, что его нет с нами. 5. Жаль, что вы не пошли с нами на лекцию вчера. б. Жаль, что ты мне мешаешь работать. 7. Жаль, что вы не поверили моему рассказу. 8. Жаль, что вы отвергли это предложе­ ние. На вашем месте я бы принял его. 9. Жаль, что они вмешиваются

в чужие дела. 10. Жаль, что вы мне не помогли. 11. Жаль, что вы не

известили меня заранее. Я, конечно, встретил бы вас. 12. Жаль, что

мы не заказали билеты по телефону. 13. Жаль, что я не сказала прав­

ды. 14. Как бы я хотела, чтобы он был с нами! 15. Жаль, что мы не

застали никого дома. 1б. Я бы хотел знать, что этот словарь уже вы­

шел. 17. Жаль, что я не посоветовался с врачом. Я бы чувствовал себя

лучше сейчас.

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The Subjunctive Mood

in Conditional Sentences

Unreal Conditions in the Present

/fyou work hard, you wi/1 succeed.

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quite рrоЬаЫе that you will work hard and succeed. This is what we call а real condition.

ln the conditional clause we use the Present Simple. ln the main clause we have the Future Simple.

But there is another kind of conditional sentence. Forexample,

/fyou worked hard, you would succeed.

lt means thatyou don'tworkhard, so you won'tsucceedThis. iswhatwe call an unreal condition. Here are some more examples of unreal conditions:

lf the weather were fine, we wou/d go boating.

lf 1had а тotorcyc/e, 1would go for а ride in the country every week.

ln sentenceswith unreal conditionstl1e subjunctive mood is used.ln tl1e conditioпal clause we use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.ln the main clause we have another type ofthe subjunctive mood wou/djcou/djтight+ infinitive.

lf 1knew his address, 1would write to hiт. lf 1were а Ьird, 1could fly.

We do not normally use wi/1, would in an if-clause.

However, we can use wi/1, would, should in conditional sentences to make а request or express insistence, annoyance, douЬt or uncertainty.

/fyou wil/jwould са/т down for а тinute, 1wi/1 Ье аЬ!е to help you. (request) lfyou wi/1 таkе а noise, 1'11 send you out. (insistence)

/fyou should need any help, ask те. (uncertainty)

Wheп the if-clause precedes the maiп clause, we separate the two clauses with а comma.

lf he had locked his car, it wouldn 't have been stolen.

Mixed Conditionals

There are two mixed types of sentences of unreal condition:

1} /f-clause refers to the present and the main clause refers to the past. lf he were а fast runner, he wou/d have won the race.

2} /f-clause refers to the past and the main clause refers to the present.

/f he hadfound ajob, he wouldn't Ье searching forone now.

lnversion in Conditionals

AdverЬial clauses of condition having the verbs had, were, could, shou/d are often introduced without if. ln these cases there is inversion. When we omit ifshou/d, were, had, could соте before the subject.

Had 1time, 1wou/d go to the museum. Were he here, he would he/p us.

Could he соте tonight, we would Ье very g/ad.

Had 1seen him yesterday, 1wou/d have asked him about it.

The Subjunctive Mood after but for in Conditionals

Unreal conditions mayalso Ье expressed after butfor(ecли бы не).

But for the rain, we would go for а wa/k now.

But for the rain, theywould have gone to the country yesterday.

lmplied Conditionals

An if-clause is not always given; it is often implied and the rules for the verb usage are followed in the main clause.

1wouldn 't have been /ate. The implied conditioп here is:

lf 1hadn 't missed the early train, 1wou/dn 't have been late. The director wouldn 't have won an Oscar.

The implied condition here is:

lf the fi/m hadn 't been very popular, the director wouldn 't have won an Oscar.

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1. Ifl (not to work) so hard, Iпever (to make) progress. 2. 1(to fiлish) tl1e wlюle job iп time ifyou (поt to disturb) me. 3. Ifwe (to have) enougl1 petrol, we (сап) соvег aпother lшпdred miles today. 4. lf I (to leave) earlier, I (to catcl1) tl1e traiп. 5. IП (поt to follow) уоuг advice, I (to get) iпto trouЬle. 6. We (to preveпt) the accident ifwe (to Ье) tl1eгe at that time. 7. lfmeп (to have) по radio, space flight (to Ье possiЬle)? 8. You never (to succeed) ifyou (to have) по coпfideпce iп yourself. 9. The plюtogгapr1s (to Ье) much better ifit (to Ье) ligllter iп the room. 10. People (to become) l1ardeпed to cold if they (to take) cold batl1s regularly. 11. Ifice (to Ье) heavier tl1aп water, it (поt to float).

Exercise 11

Supply tl1e correct forms ofthe subjuпctive mood ofthe verbs iп brackets.

1. lfyou (to Ье allowed) to stay iп Lопdоп, what you (to do )? 2. If 1(to Ье) you I (to do) my hair rather differeпtly. 3. I (поt to miпd) if he (to say) my st.ories were bad, but he said пothiпg. 4. After all, ifhe (to have) апу taleпt I (to Ье) the first to eпcourage him. 5. l (поt to go) ifyou (поt to say) уон'd соте with me.

6.lfoпly J(to feel) that somebody waпted me, 1(to become) а differe11t persoп.

7.Your таппеrs are all rigllt. I (поt to briпg) you here ifthey (поt to Ье). Dоп't Ье нneasy. 8. Не believed that his motl1er never (to say) tl1e tlliпgs she did ifshe

(to kпow) that her sоп could l1ear l1er. 9. Tl1ey (to епjоу) tl1emselves mucl1

тоrе iftl1ey (to have) apartyoftl1eirowп. 10. I (поt to sleep) а wiпkallпigl1t it·

I (поt to kпow) уон were safe. 11. lfi (to Ье) Johп l (поt to tell) that to bls pareпts. 12. Jthougllt that ifl (to tell) you the circнmstaпces you (to tшderstaпd) afterwards that] waпted уош help. 13. If l (поt to lыve) а dictioпary, l (саппоt) traпslate the article. 14. Nick (поt to fall) ofhis Ьicycle yesterday if11e (поt to drive) too fast.

Exercise 111

Replace tlle iпfiпitives iп brackets Ьу the correct form ofthe subjнпctive тооd.

1. We (to соте) back Ьу all means еvеп ifit (to Ье) as late as тidnight. 2. You hardly (to believe) it even though you (to see) it with your

tllough you (to соте) earlier уон (not to fiпd) те iп. 4. Еvеп ifyoн (to kпow) Ыт well, уон (not to recogпize) him, l1e has so great1y chaпged. 5. Не is а sонпd sleeper and you (not to wake) llim нр еvеп ifyoнr voice (to Ье) as loнd as а traiп whist1e. 6. Еvеп ifthe work (to Ье) twice as difficнlt I (поt to refuse) to do it. 7. You (to do) as you please еvеп if I (to give) you advice. 8. Еvеп tlюнgh the way (to Ье) twice as short we (to тiss) the

schedule mixed up. 9. She (cannotjoin) our excursion even ifyou (to invite) her; she was ill. 10. Ifyou (to stir) the tea, it (to Ье) sweeter. 11. lfyou (to postpone) doing the job поw, уон (to regret) it later. 12. Ifyou (not to waste) your time like that, you (to Ье аЬiе) to do agreat dea1 more. 13. Ifl (to Ье) уов, l (not to worry) 14. Ifyoн (to strain) your ears, уон (to hear) а slight пoise iп tl1e bнshes. 15. If it (to Ье) wiпter vacatioп, 1 (to go) to Moscow. 16. Ifi (to go) to Moscow, I (to stay) with my

Exercise IV

Rewrite the followiпg senteпces begiппiпg еас\1 ofthe seпteпces wit\1 if.

Model 1 I refused his offer but later regretted it.

IП hadп't refused l1is offer, 1wouldп't l1ave regretted it afterwards. 1. Уон didп't inform me oft\1e state oftllings, so I didп't kпow уов пeeded help. 2. You left the knife in water, so it got rusty. 3. They spent а year in Eпgland, so they leaшed to speak Eпglish qнite well. 4. lt rained, so we were oЬliged to stay indoors. 5. W\1y didп't you watch tl1e milk? It boiled over. 6. А huge rock Ьlocked the pat\1, so we l1ad to go all the way rouпd. 7. The explorers l1ad по radio with tl1em, so tl1ey could поt signal for l1elp wl1eп tl1e storш broke овt. 8. TI1ere wasп't еvеп tl1e slightest wiпd, so tl1e sail boat lay motioпless оп tl1e smoot\1 sea. 9. I forgot to wiпd up my watch. It stopped. 1О. Sedov's expeditioп was very scarcely sнpplied апd tl1at is why it eпded so tragically. 11. Meresyev was extreшely stroпg-willed. Beiпg seriously woнпded he crawled for eighteeп days to reach the froпt line. 12. 1 did tюt invite them, so they didп't соте.

Exercise V

Complete tl1e followiпg seпteпces usiпg tl1e required subjuпctive mood.

1.We couldп't have started yesterday еvеп tlюugh ...................

2.Еvеп ifwe l1ad posted tl1e letter two days before ................... .

3.You woнld l1ave to accept ilis proposal even if ................... .

4.They woнld l1ave hardly wоп tllis matcl1 еvеп thoнgh ...... .

5.Even though he 11ad never heard it ................... .

6.Tl1e dog is well traiпed; l1e would пever leave his place еvеп if ....

7.lfit l1ad поt Ьееп for you ................... .

8.If it were поt for tl1e bad weatl1er ................... .

9.If it had поt Ьееп for your sympatl1y апd help ................... .

10.lfit were поt for his courage ................... .

11.If it hadп't Ьееп for his remarkaЬie taleпt.

12.Ifit hadп't Ьееп for llis experieпce апd skill ................... .

13.lfyoн l1ad Ьееп at lюme ................... .

14.lfl were поt so busy ................... . .

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Exercise Vl

Complete the following sentences using tl1e requiгed subjuпctive nюod.

Exercise Vll

Parapl1rase the following iпto complex sentences with subordiпate claнses of coп­

ditioп usiпg tl1e subjuпctive mood.

1. lt's а pity the weather was so bad. Otherwise we should l1ave speпt tl1e whole day out in tl1e country. 2. Не does поt have much time to spare, or he would show уон arouпd the exhiЬitioп 11imself. 3. Why didп't уон ask l1im about it? to advise уон on tl1e matter. 4. Соте апd stay witl1 LlS for а week. We shoнld Ье опlу too glad! 5. They woнld have seпt us iпformatioп,

but tl1ere was попе to seпd. б. ТЬе Ьird was tl1rowiпg itselfagaiпst the cage апd

woнld l1ave орепеd the small door, but it was safely locked from oнtside. 7. Chapayev coнld поt reacl1 tl1e other Ьапk of the Urals as he was badly woнпded. 8. 1 was very btJsy that day апd I could поt go shopping witl1 yoll. 9. I recognized you at once, for уош brother described you to me. 10. Wl1y didп't уон follow the doctor's advice? You are dowп with qнiпsy agaiп. 11. Tl1e riverwas поt frozeп. We could пotgo skatiпg. 12. Eliza maпaged to escape апd thtis saved l1er cllild from slavery. 13. The shoes piпcl1. I woп't Ьну tl1e pair thoнgl1 I like it.

Exercise Vlll

Aпswer the followiпg qtJestioпs.

1. Wl1ere do you t11iпk your brother would go ifhe were oпleave? 2. Woнld уон l1ave made tl1e mistake ifyoн kлew the rule? 3. Wl1at woнld уон reply ifsomebody apologized to уон? 4. Wl1at would l1e aпswer if somebody had thaпked him?