- •Table of Contents
- •Cisco Switching Black Book
- •Introduction
- •Overview
- •Is This Book for You?
- •How to Use This Book
- •The Black Book Philosophy
- •Chapter 1: Network Switching Fundamentals
- •In Depth
- •Physical Media and Switching Types
- •A Bit of History
- •Networking Architectures
- •The Pieces of Technology
- •Repeaters
- •Hubs
- •Bridges
- •Routers
- •Switches
- •Network Design
- •Collision Domains
- •Broadcast Domains
- •Why Upgrade to Switches?
- •Switched Forwarding
- •Switched Network Bottlenecks
- •The Rule of the Network Road
- •Switched Ethernet Innovations
- •Fast Ethernet
- •Gigabit Ethernet
- •The Cisco IOS
- •Connecting to the Switch
- •Powering Up the Switch
- •The Challenges
- •Entering and Exiting Privileged EXEC Mode
- •Entering and Exiting Global Configuration Mode
- •Entering and Exiting Interface Configuration Mode
- •Entering and Exiting Subinterface Configuration Mode
- •Saving Configuration Changes
- •Chapter 2: Basic Switch Configuration
- •In Depth
- •Campus Hierarchical Switching Model
- •Access Layer
- •Distribution Layer
- •Core Layer
- •Remote Network Monitoring
- •Connecting to the Console Port
- •Console Cable Pinouts
- •Console Connectors
- •Switch IOSs
- •The IOS Configuration Modes
- •Limiting Telnet Access
- •Implementing Privilege Levels
- •Setting the Login Passwords
- •Setting Privilege Levels
- •Assigning Allowable Commands
- •Configuring the Hostname
- •Configuring the Date and Time
- •Configuring an IP Address and Netmask
- •Configuring a Default Route and Gateway
- •Configuring Port Speed and Duplex
- •Enabling SNMP Contact
- •Logging On to a Switch
- •Setting the Login and Enable Passwords
- •Changing the Console Prompt
- •Entering a Contact Name and Location Information
- •Configuring System and Time Information
- •Configuring an IP Address and Netmask
- •Configuring a Default Route and Gateway
- •Viewing the Default Routes
- •Configuring Port Speed and Duplex
- •Enabling SNMP
- •Configuring Trap Message Targets
- •Configuring the Console Port
- •Configuring Telnet
- •Configuring the Password
- •Configuring an IP Address and Default Gateway
- •Configuring SNMP
- •Configuring ROM
- •Entering ROM Configuration Mode
- •Booting ROM Mode from a Flash Device
- •Configuring SNMP
- •Configuring RMON
- •Using Set/Clear Command Set Recall Key Sequences
- •Chapter 3: WAN Switching
- •In Depth
- •WAN Transmission Media
- •Synchronous Transport Signal (STS)
- •Cisco WAN Switches
- •MGX 8200 Series
- •IGX 8400 Series
- •WAN Switch Hardware Overview
- •Cisco WAN Switch Network Topologies
- •Network Management
- •WAN Manager
- •Accessing and Setting Up IGX and BPX Switches
- •Adding New Users
- •Using the History Command
- •Displaying a Summary of All Card Modules
- •Displaying Detailed Information for a Card Module
- •Displaying the Power and Temperature of a Switch
- •Displaying the ASM Statistics for BPX
- •Configuring the ASM Setting for BPX
- •Logging Out
- •Resetting the Switch
- •Displaying Other Switches
- •Setting the Switch Name
- •Setting the Time Zone
- •Configuring the Time and Date
- •Configuring the Control and Auxiliary Ports
- •Modifying the Functions of the Control and Auxiliary Ports
- •Configuring the Printing Function
- •Configuring the LAN Interface
- •Accessing the MGX 8850 and 8220
- •Adding New Users
- •Changing Passwords
- •Assigning a Switch Hostname
- •Displaying a Summary of All Modules
- •Displaying Detailed Information for the Current Card
- •Changing the Time and Date
- •Displaying the Configuration of the Maintenance and Control Ports
- •Displaying the IP Address
- •Configuring the IP Interface
- •Displaying the Alarm Level of the Switch
- •Chapter 4: LAN Switch Architectures
- •In Depth
- •The Catalyst Crescendo Architecture
- •ASICs
- •The Crescendo Processors
- •Crescendo Logic Units
- •Other Cisco Switch Processors, Buses, ASICs, and Logic Units
- •AXIS Bus
- •CEF ASIC
- •Phoenix ASIC
- •SAGE ASIC
- •QTP ASIC
- •QMAC
- •Bridging Types
- •Source Route Bridging
- •Source Route Transparent Bridging
- •Source Route Translational Bridging
- •Transparent Bridging
- •Source Route Switching
- •Switching Paths
- •Process Switching
- •Fast Switching
- •Autonomous Switching
- •Silicon Switching
- •Optimum Switching
- •Distributed Switching
- •NetFlow Switching
- •System Message Logging
- •Loading an Image on the Supervisor Engine III
- •Booting the Supervisor Engine III from Flash
- •Setting the Boot Configuration Register
- •Configuring Cisco Express Forwarding
- •Enabling CEF
- •Disabling CEF
- •Enabling dCEF
- •Disabling dCEF
- •Disabling CEF on an Individual Interface
- •Configuring CEF Load Balancing
- •Disabling CEF Load Balancing
- •Enabling Network Accounting for CEF
- •Setting Network Accounting for CEF to Collect Packet Numbers
- •Viewing Network Accounting for CEF Statistics
- •Viewing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR
- •Clearing the Adjacency Table on the 8500 GSR
- •Clearing the Server Logging Table
- •Disabling Server Logging
- •Displaying the Logging Configuration
- •Displaying System Logging Messages
- •Chapter 5: Virtual Local Area Networks
- •In Depth
- •The Flat Network of Yesterday
- •Why Use VLANs?
- •VLAN Basics
- •A Properly Switched Network
- •Switched Internetwork Security
- •Scaling with VLANs
- •VLAN Boundaries
- •VLAN Membership Types
- •Traffic Patterns Flowing through the Network
- •VLAN Trunking
- •Trunk Types
- •LAN Emulation (LANE)
- •VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
- •VTP Versions
- •VTP Advertisements
- •VTP Switch Modes
- •Methods for VLAN Identification
- •Dynamic Trunking Protocol
- •InterVLAN Routing
- •Internal Route Processors
- •How InterVLAN Routing Works
- •Configuring a Static VLAN on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch
- •Configuring Multiple VLANs on a Catalyst 5000 Series Switch
- •Creating VLANs on a Catalyst 1900EN Series
- •Assigning a Static VLAN to an Interface on a 1900EN Series
- •Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series
- •Viewing an Individual VLAN Configuration on a 1900 Series
- •Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 5000 Series
- •Mapping VLANs to a Trunk Port
- •Configuring a Trunk Port on a Cisco 1900EN Series
- •Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 5000 Series
- •Clearing VLANs from Trunk Links on a Cisco 1900EN Series
- •Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 5000 Series
- •Verifying a Trunk Link Configuration on a 1900EN Series
- •Configuring the VTP Version on a Catalyst 5000 Switch
- •Configuring a VTP Domain on a Catalyst 1900 Switch
- •Setting a VTP Domain Password on a Catalyst Switch
- •Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Server
- •Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch as a VTP Client
- •Configuring a Catalyst 1900 Switch for Transparent Mode
- •Configuring VTP Pruning on a Catalyst 1900 Switch
- •Configuring VTP on a Set/Clear CLI Switch
- •Configuring VTP on a 1900 Cisco IOS CLI Switch
- •Verifying the VTP Configuration on a Set/Clear CLI
- •Displaying VTP Statistics
- •Configuring VTP Pruning on a Set/Clear CLI Switch
- •Disabling Pruning for Unwanted VLANs
- •Configuring IP InterVLAN Routing on an External Cisco Router
- •Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on an External Router
- •In Depth
- •Internal Route Processors
- •Available Route Processors
- •Routing Protocol Assignment
- •Supervisor Engine Modules
- •Supervisor Engines I and II
- •Supervisor Engine III
- •Using the Supervisor Engine
- •Etherport Modules
- •Port Security
- •Manually Configured MAC Addresses
- •Determining the Slot Number in Which a Module Resides
- •Accessing the Internal Route Processor from the Switch
- •Configuring a Hostname on the RSM
- •Assigning an IP Address and Encapsulation Type to an Ethernet Interface
- •Setting the Port Speed and Port Name on an Ethernet Interface
- •Configuring a Default Gateway on a Catalyst 5000
- •Verifying the IP Configuration on a Catalyst 5000
- •Enabling RIP on an RSM
- •Configuring InterVLAN Routing on an RSM
- •Configuring IPX InterVLAN Routing on the RSM
- •Configuring AppleTalk InterVLAN Routing on an RSM
- •Viewing the RSM Configuration
- •Assigning a MAC Address to a VLAN
- •Viewing the MAC Addresses
- •Configuring Filtering on an Ethernet Interface
- •Configuring Port Security on an Ethernet Module
- •Clearing MAC Addresses
- •Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Supervisor Engine Module
- •Changing the Management VLAN on a Supervisor Engine
- •Viewing the Supervisor Engine Configuration
- •Configuring the Cisco 2621 External Router for ISL Trunking
- •Configuring Redundancy Using HSRP
- •Chapter 7: IP Multicast
- •In Depth
- •IP Multicasting Overview
- •Broadcast
- •Unicast
- •Multicast
- •IP Multicasting Addresses
- •The Multicast IP Structure
- •Delivery of Multicast Datagrams
- •Multicast Distribution Tree
- •Multicast Forwarding
- •IGMP Protocols
- •Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
- •IGMPv1
- •IGMPv2
- •Time to Live
- •Multicast at Layer 2
- •IGMP Snooping
- •Cisco Group Management Protocol
- •Router Group Management Protocol
- •GARP Multicast Registration Protocol
- •Configuring IP Multicast Routing
- •Disabling IP Multicast Routing
- •Enabling PIM on an Interface
- •Disabling PIM on an Interface
- •Configuring the Rendezvous Point
- •Adding a Router to a Multicast Group
- •Configuring a Router to Be a Static Multicast Group Member
- •Restricting Access to a Multicast Group
- •Changing the IGMP Version
- •Configuring Multicast Groups
- •Removing Multicast Groups
- •Configuring Multicast Router Ports
- •Displaying Multicast Routers
- •Removing the Multicast Router
- •Configuring IGMP Snooping
- •Disabling IGMP Snooping
- •Displaying IGMP Statistics
- •Displaying Multicast Routers Learned from IGMP
- •Displaying IGMP Multicast Groups
- •Configuring CGMP
- •Disabling CGMP
- •Displaying CGMP Statistics
- •Configuring RGMP on the Switch
- •Disabling RGMP on the Switch
- •Configuring RGMP on the Router
- •Disabling RGMP on the Router
- •Displaying RGMP Groups
- •Displaying RGMP VLAN Statistics
- •Configuring GMRP
- •Disabling GMRP
- •Enabling GMRP on Individual Ports
- •Disabling GMRP on Individual Ports
- •Configuring GMRP Registration
- •Displaying the GMRP Configuration
- •Setting GMRP Timers
- •Displaying GMRP Timers
- •Disabling Multicast Suppression
- •Chapter 8: WAN Cell Switching
- •In Depth
- •ATM Overview
- •LANE
- •ATM Protocols
- •ATM Circuit Switching
- •ATM Cells
- •The ATM Switch and ATM Endpoints
- •The ATM Reference Model
- •Specifying ATM Connections
- •ATM Addressing
- •Local Area Network Emulation (LANE)
- •LANE Components
- •Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI)
- •LANE Communication
- •LANE Configuration Guidelines
- •How LANE Works
- •Implementing LANE
- •Configuring ATM on the 5000 Switch
- •Connecting in an ATM Network
- •Monitoring and Maintaining LANE
- •Accessing the ATM LANE Module
- •Displaying the Selector Field
- •Configuring the LES/BUS
- •Verifying the LES/BUS Configuration
- •Configuring a LEC for an ELAN
- •Verifying a LEC Configuration on an ELAN
- •Configuring the LECS
- •Viewing the LANE Database
- •Binding the LECS Address to an Interface
- •Verifying the LECS Configuration
- •Chapter 9: LightStream Switches
- •In Depth
- •LightStream 100
- •LightStream 1010
- •LightStream 2020
- •Neighborhood Discovery Function
- •Virtual Path Connections
- •LightStream Troubleshooting Tools
- •LightStream Boot Process
- •Supported Troubleshooting Protocols
- •Snooping Mechanisms
- •Multiprotocol Over ATM
- •Configuring the Hostname
- •Configuring an Enable Password
- •Configuring the Processor Card Ethernet Interface
- •Configuring Virtual Private Tunnels
- •Verifying an ATM Interface Connection Status
- •Viewing the Configured Virtual Connections
- •Configuring the LECS ATM Address on a LightStream 1010 Switch
- •Configuring the Advertised LECS Address
- •Viewing the LANE Configuration
- •Viewing the Installed Modules
- •Configuring the MPC
- •Configuring the MPS
- •Changing the MPS Variables
- •Monitoring the MPS
- •Enabling ILMI Autoconfiguration
- •Configuring LANE on a LightStream 1010
- •Powering on the LightStream 100 ATM Switch
- •Configuring the LS100 Switch
- •Recovering a Lost Password
- •Chapter 10: Layer 2 Redundant Links
- •In Depth
- •Layer 2 Switching Overview
- •Frames
- •Broadcast and Multicast Frames
- •Unknown Unicasts
- •Layer 2 Network Loops
- •Danger! Data Loops!
- •STP Root Bridges
- •Bridge Protocol Data Units
- •Root Bridge Selection
- •Spanning Tree Convergence Time
- •STP Port States
- •EtherChannel
- •Link Failure
- •Port Aggregation Protocol
- •Fast Convergence Components of STP
- •PortFast
- •UplinkFast
- •BackboneFast
- •Viewing the STP Configuration on a Command Line Switch
- •Configuring the STP Root Switch
- •Configuring the STP Secondary Root Switch
- •Verifying the VLAN Priority Settings
- •Preparing to Enable EtherChannel
- •Verifying the EtherChannel Configuration
- •Defining an EtherChannel Administrative Group
- •Viewing an EtherChannel Administrative Group
- •Identifying the Template Port
- •Verifying the EtherChannel Configuration on a Command Line Interface IOS
- •Verifying the PortFast Configuration
- •Verifying the UplinkFast Configuration
- •Viewing the BackboneFast Configuration
- •Chapter 11: Multilayer Switching
- •In Depth
- •How MLS Works
- •MLS Components
- •MLS Flows
- •Access List Flow Masks
- •MLS Troubleshooting Notes
- •Configuring MLS
- •MLS Cache
- •Aging Timers
- •VLAN ID
- •VTP Domain
- •Management Interfaces
- •Configuring an External MLS Route Processor
- •Assigning a VLAN ID
- •Adding an MLS Interface to a VTP Domain
- •Enabling MLS on an Individual Interface
- •Disabling MLS on an External Router Interface
- •Configuring the MLS Switch Engine
- •Disabling MLS on a Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling MLS on a Catalyst 5000
- •Configuring the MLS Cache on the Catalyst 5000
- •Configuring Fast Aging on a Catalyst 5000
- •Configuring Fast Aging on a Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling Fast Aging on a Catalyst 6000
- •Configuring Long Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling Long Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Configuring Normal Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Disabling Normal Aging on the Catalyst 6000
- •Assigning MLS Management to an Interface on the Catalyst 5000
- •Disabling MLS Management on an Interface on the Catalyst 5000
- •Monitoring and Viewing the MLS Configuration
- •Viewing the MLS Aging Configuration on a Catalyst 6000
- •Displaying the IP MLS Configuration
- •Displaying MLS VTP Domain Information
- •Viewing the MLS VLAN Interface Information
- •Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 5000
- •Viewing MLS Statistics on the Catalyst 6000
- •Viewing MLS Entries
- •Chapter 12: Hot Standby Routing Protocol
- •In Depth
- •Routing Problems
- •Routing Information Protocol
- •Proxy ARP
- •ICMP Router Discovery Protocol
- •The Solution
- •HSRP Message Format
- •The HSRP States
- •HSRP Configuration
- •HSRP Interface Tracking
- •Opening a Session on an Internal Route Processor
- •Entering Configuration Mode on an RSM
- •Enabling HSRP and Assigning an IP Address to a Standby Group
- •Assigning an HSRP Interface Priority
- •Assigning a Preempt Delay to a Standby Group
- •Removing a Preempt Delay from a Standby Group
- •Setting the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers
- •Removing the HSRP Hello and Hold Timers
- •Configuring Two RSFC Interfaces as One HSRP Group
- •Enabling Interface Tracking
- •Using the show standby Command
- •Using the debug Command
- •Chapter 13: Policy Networking
- •In Depth
- •Access Security Policies
- •Core Layer Policies
- •Distribution Layer Policies
- •Security at the Access Layer
- •Configuring Passwords
- •Limiting Telnet Access
- •Implementing Privilege Levels
- •Configuring Banner Messages
- •Physical Device Security
- •Port Security
- •VLAN Management
- •Creating a Standard Access List
- •Creating an Extended Access List
- •Implementing Privilege Levels on a 1900EN
- •Configuring Banner Messages
- •Enabling HTTP Access
- •Enabling Port Security
- •Displaying the MAC Address Table
- •Chapter 14: Web Management
- •In Depth
- •Standard and Enterprise Edition CVSM
- •CVSM Client Requirements
- •CVSM Access Levels
- •CVSM Default Home Page
- •The Switch Image
- •Configuring the Switch with an IP Address and Setting the Default Web Administration Port
- •Connecting to the Web Management Console
- •Configuring the Switch Port Analyzer
- •Chapter 15: The Standard Edition IOS
- •In Depth
- •The 1900 and 2820 Series Switches
- •Main Menu Choices
- •[C] Console Settings
- •[A] Port Addressing
- •[R] Multicast Registration
- •Configuring Network Settings on the 1900 and 2820 Series
- •Configuring Broadcast Storm Control on Switch Ports
- •Configuring SNMP on the 1900 Series
- •Configuring Port Monitoring on the Standard Edition IOS
- •Configuring VLANs on the Standard Edition IOS
- •Configuring Spanning Tree Protocol
- •Chapter 16: Switch Troubleshooting
- •In Depth
- •Hardware Troubleshooting
- •No Power
- •POST
- •Indicator Lights
- •Switch Cabling
- •Cable Problems
- •Switch Troubleshooting Tools
- •CiscoWorks for Switched Internetworks
- •IOS Software Troubleshooting Commands
- •Viewing the Set/Clear IOS Configuration
- •Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Set/Clear IOS
- •Viewing Port Statistics on a Set/Clear IOS
- •Launching the Diagnostic Console on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch
- •Using the Diagnostic Console to Upgrade the Firmware on a Cisco 1900 or 2820 Series Switch
- •Using the Diagnostic Console for Debugging the Firmware and Hardware
- •Appendix A: Study Resources
- •Books
- •Cisco Group Study and Users Groups
- •Online Resources
- •Asynchronous Transfer Mode
- •Cisco IOS
- •Hot Standby Router Protocol
- •IP Multicast
- •Multilayer Switching
- •Quality of Service
- •Spanning Tree Protocol
- •TACACS+
- •VLANs
- •Standards Organizations
- •Cisco Job Search Sites
- •Overview
- •Appendix C: The Cisco Consultant
- •Overview
- •Establishing Credibility
- •Come Off As an Expert
- •Designing a Solution
- •Estimating the Cost
- •Presenting the Final Proposal and Creating Expectations
- •Contracting
- •Document, Document, Document
- •The Way to Fail
- •Failing to Be There When Promised, or Rushing through the Job
- •Failing to Manage Your Time
- •Assuming You Know What the Customer Needs
- •Failing to Take Responsibility
- •Conclusion
- •Required Equipment
- •Lab Objectives
- •Possible Solution
- •The 1912 Basic Configuration
- •The Catalyst 5000 Basic Configuration
- •Configuring the Cisco 2621 Interface for ISL Trunking
- •Appendix E: Switch Features
- •Access Layer Switches
- •Cisco Catalyst 1900
- •Cisco Catalyst 2820
- •Cisco Catalyst 2900
- •Cisco Catalyst 3000
- •Cisco Catalyst 3500 Series XL
- •Cisco Catalyst 3900 Series
- •Distribution Layer Switches
- •Cisco Catalyst 4000 Series
- •Catalyst 5000 Series
- •Catalyst 6000 Series
- •Core Layer/WAN Switches
- •Cisco Catalyst 8400 Series
- •Cisco Catalyst 8500 Series
- •BPX 8600 Series
- •MGX 8800 Series
- •12000 Series Gigabit Switch Routers
Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a Set/Clear IOS
The show vtp domain command can be used to obtain the VTP domain configuration on a Set/Clear command−based IOS switch. Let’s take a look at the command and an example of the output associated with it:
Catalyst5002> (enable) show |
vtp domain |
|
|
|||
Domain Name |
|
Domain Index VTP Version Local Mode Password |
||||
————————————————————————— ———————————— —————————— |
—————————— ———————— |
|||||
Coriolis |
|
1 |
|
1 |
Server |
− |
Vlan−count Max−vlan−storage |
Config Revision Notifications |
|
||||
—————————— |
———————————————— |
—————————————— ———————————— |
|
|||
5 |
1023 |
|
0 |
enabled |
|
|
Last Updater |
V2 Mode Pruning |
PruneEligible on Vlans |
|
|||
—————————————— ———————— ———————— ———————————————————————— |
|
|||||
68.127.187.12 |
disabled disabled 2−1000 |
|
|
|||
Viewing the VTP Domain Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS
The show vtp command displays the VTP domain configuration on an IOS−based switch. Let’s look at the command, its available options, and an example of its output:
1912EN#show vtp ?
statistics Show VTP statistics
<cr> |
|
|
1912EN#show vtp |
|
|
VTP version: 1 |
|
|
Configuration revision: |
0 |
|
Maximum VLANs supported locally: 1005 |
||
Number of existing VLANs: |
5 |
|
VTP domain name |
: coriolis |
|
VTP password |
: |
|
VTP operating mode |
: Server |
|
VTP pruning mode |
: Disabled |
|
VTP traps generation |
: Enabled |
|
Configuration last modified by: 63.78.39.33 at 00−00−0000 00:00:00
1912EN#
Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a Set/Clear
Command−Based Switch
To view the VLAN configuration on a Set/Clear command−based IOS switch, use the show vlan command. Several options are available for use with the command that allow you to see only trunked ports, only non−trunked ports, or an individual VLAN number. Let’s look at the command, its optional syntaxes, and an example of its output:
show vlan [vlan] [trunk|no trunk]
Catalyst5002> show vlan
Virtual LAN ID: 1
vLAN Trunk Interface: FastEthernet1/0.1
324
Protocols Configured: |
Address: |
Received: |
Transmitted: |
IP |
68.127.187.10 |
95563219847 |
81294682 |
Virtual LAN ID: 2 (Inter Switch Link Encapsulation) |
|
||
vLAN Trunk Interface: |
FastEthernet1/0.2 |
|
|
Protocols Configured: |
Address: |
Received: |
Transmitted: |
IP |
68.127.186.1 |
855147 |
854281 |
Catalyst5002>
Viewing the VLAN Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS
To view the VLAN configuration on a CLI−based IOS switch, use the show vlan command. Let’s look at the command, its optional syntax, and an example of its output:
1912EN#show vlan ? |
|
|
||
|
<1−1005> ISL VLAN index |
|
||
|
<cr> |
|
|
|
1912EN#show vlan |
|
|
||
VLAN Name |
Status |
Ports |
||
———————————————————————————————————— |
||||
1 |
default |
Enabled |
6−12, AUI, A, B |
|
2 |
Engineers |
Enabled |
1−3 |
|
3 |
Admins |
Enabled |
4−5 |
|
1002 |
fddi−default |
Suspended |
|
|
1003 |
token−ring−defau |
Suspended |
|
|
1004 |
fddinet−default |
Suspended |
|
|
1005 |
trnet−default |
Suspended |
|
|
———————————————————————————————————— |
|
VLAN Type |
SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp Trans1 Trans2 |
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
1 |
Ethernet |
100001 1500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Unkn 1002 |
1003 |
2 |
Ethernet |
100002 1500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Unkn 1002 |
1003 |
3 |
Ethernet |
100003 1500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Unkn 1002 |
1003 |
10 |
Ethernet |
100010 1500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Unkn 1002 |
1003 |
1002 |
FDDI |
101002 1500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Unkn 1 |
1003 |
1003 |
Token−Ring |
101003 1500 |
1005 |
1 |
0 |
Unkn 1 |
1002 |
1004 |
FDDI−Net |
101004 1500 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
IEEE 0 |
0 |
1005 |
Token−Ring−Net 101005 1500 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
IEEE 0 |
0 |
|
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
1912EN#
Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS
The show spantree command on the Set/Clear command−based IOS can be used to obtain configuration information and statistics on STP. You can use the command to view by VLAN number, module number, and module. You can also specify to see only active interfaces. Let’s take a look at the command, its optional syntaxes, and an example of its output:
show spantree [VLAN|module number/port][active]
325
Catalyst5002> (enable) show spantree |
|
VLAN 1 |
|
Spanning tree enabled |
|
Spanning tree type |
ieee |
Designated Root |
00−00−80−0c−a1−b3 |
|
Designated Root Priority |
32768 |
|
Designated |
Root Cost |
0 |
Designated |
Root Port |
1/0 |
Root Max Age |
20 sec |
Hello Time 2 |
sec |
Forward Delay 15 sec |
|||
Bridge ID MAC |
ADDR |
|
00−00−80−0c−a1−b3 |
|
|||
Bridge ID Priority |
|
32768 |
|
|
|
||
Bridge Max Age 20 sec |
Hello Time 2 sec |
Forward Delay 15 sec |
|||||
Port |
Vlan |
Port−State |
|
Cost |
Priority |
Fast−Start Group−method |
|
———————— |
———— |
———————————— |
———— |
———————— |
—————————— ———————————— |
||
1/1 |
1 |
not−connected |
19 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
1/2 |
1 |
not−connected |
19 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
2/1 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/2 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/3 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/4 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/5 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/6 |
1 |
not−connected |
19 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
2/7 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
100 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/8 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
100 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/9 |
1 |
not−connected |
100 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
2/10 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/11 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
20 |
disabled |
2/12 |
1 |
not−connected |
19 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
2/13 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/14 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/15 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/16 |
1 |
not−connected |
19 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
2/17 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
10 |
disabled |
2/18 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/19 |
1 |
not−connected |
100 |
|
10 |
disabled |
|
2/20 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/21 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
100 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/22 |
1 |
not−connected |
100 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
2/23 |
1 |
forwarding |
|
10 |
|
32 |
disabled |
2/24 |
1 |
not−connected |
100 |
|
32 |
disabled |
|
Viewing the Spanning Tree Configuration on a CLI−Based IOS
The show spantree command can be used on a CLI−based IOS to obtain configuration information and statistics on STP. Let’s take a look at the command, its optional syntaxes, and an example of its output:
show port <mod_num>
show port <mod_num/port_num> 1912EN#show spantree
VLAN1 is executing the IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Current root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Root port is Ethernet 0/1, cost of root path is 100 Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set
Topology changes 0, last topology change occurred 0d00h00m00s ago Times: hold 1, topology change 8960
hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15
Timers: hello 2, topology change 35, notification 2
326
Port Ethernet 0/1 of VLAN2 is Forwarding Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated port is Ethernet 0/7, path cost 0
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/2 of VLAN2 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0
Designated bridge has priority 32768, |
address 0030.8054.6C00 |
||
Designated port |
is Ethernet 0/2, path |
cost 100 |
|
Timers: message |
age |
20, forward delay 15, hold 1 |
|
Port Ethernet 0/3 |
of VLAN2 is Forwarding |
|
|
Port path cost 100, |
Port priority 128 |
|
|
Designated root |
has |
priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 |
|
Designated bridge |
has |
priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 |
|
Designated port |
is Ethernet 0/3, path cost 100 |
||
Timers: message |
age |
20, forward delay 15, hold 1 |
|
Port Ethernet 0/4 |
of VLAN3 is Forwarding |
|
|
Port path cost 100, |
Port priority 128 |
|
|
Designated root |
has |
priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 |
|
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/4, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/5 of VLAN3 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/5, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/6 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/6, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/7 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/7, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/8 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/8, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/9 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/9, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/10 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/10, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/11 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00 Designated port is Ethernet 0/11, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1 Port Ethernet 0/12 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
327
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00
Designated port is Ethernet 0/12, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1
Port Ethernet 0/25 of VLAN1 is Forwarding
Port path cost 100, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00
Designated port is Ethernet 0/25, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1
Port FastEthernet 0/26 of VLAN1 is Blocking
Port path cost 10, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0
Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0030.8054.6C00
Designated port is FastEthernet 0/26, path cost 100
Timers: message age 20, forward delay 15, hold 1
Port FastEthernet 0/27 of VLAN1 is Blocking
Port path cost 10, Port priority 128
Designated root has priority 32768, address 0000.0C00.4BD0
Designated bridge has priority 32768, |
address 0030.8054.6C00 |
|
Designated port |
is FastEthernet 0/27, |
path cost 100 |
Timers: message |
age 20, forward delay |
15, hold 1 |
Viewing the CAM (MAC Address) Table on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS
A switch uses the CAM table to make forwarding decisions on the switch. Let’s take a look at the available command options, syntaxes, and an example of the output using the show cam command:
Catalyst5002> (enable) show cam ?
Usage: show cam [count] <dynamic|static|permanent|system> [vlan] show cam <dynamic|static|permanent> <mod_num/port_num>
show cam <mac_addr> [vlan] show cam agingtime
Catalyst5002> (enable) show cam dynamic 2
VLAN |
Dest MAC/Route Des |
Destination Ports or VCs |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−A6 |
2/4 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−A8 |
2/18 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−A6 |
2/15 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−A6 |
2/12 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−BC |
2/9 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−3F |
2/10 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−D4 |
2/6 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−B3 |
2/7 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−A2 |
2/2 |
2 |
00−80−00−00−12−D0 |
2/22 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−C4 |
2/1 |
2 |
00−30−19−4C−80−3B |
2/23 |
Total |
Matching CAM Entries Displayed = 12 |
|
Viewing the CAM (MAC Address) Table on a CLI−Based IOS
On a CLI−based IOS, the show mac command is used to view the CAM table that makes forwarding decisions for frames arriving on the switch. Let’s take a look at the output using the show mac command:
328
1912EN#show mac |
|
|
|
|
|
Number of permanent addresses |
: 5 |
|
|||
Number of restricted |
static |
addresses : 0 |
|
||
Number of dynamic addresses |
: |
1 |
|
||
Address |
Dest |
Interface Type |
Source Interface List |
||
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
0030.194C.80A6 |
Ethernet 0/1 |
Permanent |
All |
0000.0C00.4BD0 |
Ethernet 0/1 |
Permanent |
All |
00A0.2457.2877 |
Ethernet 0/1 |
Permanent |
All |
0000.0C33.4283 |
Ethernet 0/5 |
Permanent |
All |
0000.0C33.4283 |
Ethernet 0/10 |
Permanent |
All |
0000.0C33.4286 |
Ethernet 0/10 |
Permanent |
All |
0010.A4EF.92FB |
Ethernet 0/6 |
Dynamic |
All |
1912EN# |
|
|
|
Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a Set/Clear Command−Based IOS
The show cdp neighbors command is used to obtain details of the neighboring Cisco devices. Let’s take a look at the optional syntaxes and an example of the output using the command:
show cdp neighbors [module number[/port number][detail]
Catalyst5002(enable) show cdp neighbor detail
Device−ID: Coriolis2514.coriolis.com Device Addresses:
IP Address: 68.27.187.254 Holdtime: 150 sec Capabilities: ROUTER Version:
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500−IO−L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986−1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Platform: cisco 2500 Port−ID: FastEthernet0 Port: 2/1
Device−ID: 1900EN.coriolis.com
Device Addresses:
IP Address: 68.27.187.253
Holdtime: 132 sec
Capabilities: SWITCH
Version:
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
Cisco Catalyst 1900/2820 Enterprise Edition Software
Version V8.01.02
Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993−1998
Platform: cisco 1900/2820
Port−ID: FastEthernet0
Port: 2/2
Viewing the CDP Neighbors on a CLI−Based IOS
The show cdp neighbors command is used to obtain details of the neighboring Cisco devices on a CLI−based IOS. Let’s take a look at the command and an example of its output:
329