- •1. The sentence. The structural classification. The simple sentence.
- •2.Communicative types of sentences
- •5. The subject. Ways of expressing the subject.
- •3.Modality. Oblique moods in simple sentences.
- •6. The subjects “It” and “There”.
- •8. The category of number. Irregular plurals.
- •7. The noun. Semantic classification.
- •9. Singular and plural invariable nouns.
- •13. The use of the definite article with countable nouns.
- •10. Agreement with the simple subject. Pronouns as subjects.
- •11. Agreement of the predicate with phrasal and homogeneous subjects.
- •14. The use of articles with material nouns.
- •12. The case of noun. The use of the genitive case.
- •15. The use of articles with abstract nouns .
- •16. The use of articles with names of persons.
- •17. The use of articles with place names.
- •18. The use of article with nouns in some sintactic functions.
- •21. Verb complementation. Intransitive & monotr. Verbs.
- •23. Verb complementation. Ditransitive and copular verbs
- •24. The Object.
- •26. ADverbials
- •25. Predicative complexes that function as objects only
- •28. Predicative complexes that function as adverb only
- •29. Predicative complexes which can be any part of the sentence
- •30. The compound sentence (сложносочин.).
- •31. Complex sentences with nominal clauses.
- •32. Complex sentences with attributive clauses.
- •33. Oblique moods in nominal clauses.
- •34. Complex sentences with adverbial clauses
- •35. Oblique moods in adverbial clauses.
- •36. Subjunctive II
- •37.The conditional mood
- •38. Subjunctive I & the suppositional mood
- •39. Word order. Invertion. Emphasis.
14. The use of articles with material nouns.
Most material nouns do not have plural forms and are never used with the indefinite article.
1. When names of material have generic reference they are lined without any article. This is the case with material nouns is referring to the whole class (He sat there for a long time, drinking cup after cup of strong black tea.)
2. In specific use material nouns take the definite article. (Pass me the salt, please.)
12. The case of noun. The use of the genitive case.
Case is the form of the noun which shows the relation of the noun to other words in the sentence. English nouns have a two-case system: common case and genitive case. The genitive case is formed by means of the suffix -'s or an apostrophe (-') alone. Compound nouns have -’s added to the final component (sister-in-law’s)
Depending on the relation between the head word and its modifier in the genitive case, we can distinguish the following kinds of genitive: 1) possessive genitive (my son's wife), 2) subjective genitive the boy’s application), 3) objective genitive (The boy’s release), 4) genitive of origin (The girl’s story), 5) descriptive genitive (A women’s college-a college for women) 6) genitive of measure (Ten days’ absence)
The genitive case is used: with personal names: (Mary’s house), with personal nouns, collective nouns, with the names of higher animals: (a cat’s tail), with geographical names.
A specific feature of the English genitive case is the so called group genitive when ~’s can be added: to a group of two coordinate nouns if such a group refers to a single idea:. The noun in the genitive may be used without a head-word. This is called the independent o absolute genitive. It is used: to avoid repetition: Your coat is more fashionable than Ann’s. to denote places where business is conducted(the hairdresser’s, the baker’s) Sometimes ~’s can be combined with of-phrase in a construction called the double genitive: an old friend of my father’s (один из).
15. The use of articles with abstract nouns .
Abstract nouns fall into two large categories: count abstract nouns and non-count abstract nouns.
Count abstract nouns (e.g. answer, belief, doubt, effort, fact, idea, job, lie, opinion, plan, question, visit) can be used both in the singular and in the plural. The use of articles with count abstract nouns is practically the same as with concrete count (class) nouns: Non-count abstract nouns (e.g. impatience, violence) are used in the singular only.
1. When non-count abstract nouns have generic reference they are used without any article. (Knowledge is power.) 2. Non-count abstract nouns can be used with the indefinite article when they are modified by descriptive attributes which bring out a special aspect of a quality, feeling, state, etc. expressed by the noun. (You have a curious influence over me.)
3. Abstract nouns in specific use take the definite article (And how did you like the music?)
4. Some abstract nouns are never used with the indefinite article: weather, money, news, work, luck, fun, and some others: