Ілюстративний блок

Вправа 5.1.

Розгляньте приклади аналізу та перекладу неологізмів. Які способи перекладу неологізмів було застосовано?

1. Jet propelled planes consume enormous quantities of propellant.

В цьому реченні ми зустрічаємо нове слово propellant, якого нема в словнику й значення якого необхідно встановити. Виділяємо в слові суфікс -ant й знаходимо початкову форму propel. Шукаємо в словнику значення слова propel в якості дієслова: продвигати вперед, приводити в рух. Враховуючи, що суфікс -ant утворює іменник від дієслова, визначаемо приблизне значення слова propellant як: те, що призводить до руху. Виходячи з контексту, підбираємо варіант, що підходить найбільше: паливо. Після цього речення буде звучати настуним чином: Реактивні літаки витрачають величезну кількість палива.

2. The situation is far from being stable, and the recent dollar rise is just a dead bounce. — Ситуація на ринку досить нестабільна, а нещодавній ріст долара є простою оманою.

Dead cat bounce (букв: відскок мертвого кота)

Оманливе тимчасове відновлення цін на акції чи ріст курсу валют на ринку, де зазвичай рівень цін досить низький (мається на увазі, що навіть мертвий кіт відскочить від землі, якщо його скинути з великої висоти). В данному випадку пряме збереження образності буде недоречним.

3. That is a Dutch bargain, as Pfizer will get nothing.— Це гра в одні ворота, адже компанія Пфайцер нічого не отримає.

Dutch bargain (букв. голландська угода)—угода, справа чи домовленість в результаті якої усі переваги отримує лише одна сторона.

4. This pool of scientists is a think-tank of our corporation. — Ця команда вчених — справжній мозковий центр нашої корпорації.

Think-tank — група експертів, що розробляє плани чи рекомендації. Дослівно: мозковий резервуар.

5. Programs involved in teaching English mushroomed in the 60-ies in the US. — Кількість програм з викладання іноземних мов стрімко виросло.

6. The delegates were planed to the conference last night Вчора увечері делегатів доставили на конференцію літаком.

ПРАКТИЧНИЙ БЛОК

Вправа 5.2.

Проаналізуйте способи утворення виділених неологізмів та перекладіть речення на українську мову.

1. It was not a salary, but rather a golden handshake from the company.

2. India will be doing reasonably well to muddle through with its current rate of 5-6%.

3. He is bold and young, but political mileage, he has none.

4. It’s is quiet a smart risk to deal with a bull market.

5. There is little investor demand for gold bullion.

6. He is into a rock trip.

7. US land and naval forces operated under strong air umbrella, which accounts for much lighter losses as compared with Iraqis.

8. It was a handsome man; he clerked at some forwarding department and roomed a very small lodging not far from his office.

9. Several leaders of the strike were clubbed and then questionized at the police station.

10. The World War II distinct signs of westernisation were clearly visible in the educational system of India. 

Вправа 5.3.

Перекладіть текст на українську мову. Особливу увагу зверніть на лексичні та стилістичні особливості. Знайдіть в тексті авторські неологізми, проаналізуйте їх утворення й прокоментуйте ваш варіант перекладу.

POLITICAL ANIMAL

Every politician who makes a promise raises a hope. Election campaigns are all about aspirations to end unemployment, to build homes, to cut taxes, to care better for the sick or to raise national self-esteem. Sometimes the promises have even been honored. Occasionally, they have been honored grandly. But in the end, each government making the pledge, whether honored or not, gets shown the door. Oppositions, it has been said, do not win elections. Governments lose them. It is not that they have necessarily done anything to rile the electorate, just that after a while we all get disillusioned and bored with them and want a change. Even great achievements are no insurance. Having led his country through the Second World War, Churchill found himself resoundingly rebuffled in the 1945 election. The Attlee government, responsible for the greatest social reforms of the twentieth century, including the creation of the National Health Service, was bounced out of office after only six years. Margaret Thatcher led the government which fought Britain’s last imperial war, a war which was won, against all the odds, at the other end of the earth, yet she was defenestrated by her own party because it sensed that the electorate was sick of her. Throwing eggs at politicians seeking election is a venerable British political tradition.

And so, after the cheering has died away, when the toasts have been drunk, after the run on the banks’ reserves of false sympathy, after the instantly forgotten speeches of thanks and the mean-spirited booing from supporters of the bad losers, after, perhaps, the

TV trucks have de-rigged and returned to base, after the vote counters have left the town hall to its rancid fug, after the ballot papers they so meticulously sorted into piles of political preference have been taken away under lock and key, after the weeks of smiling, exhortations, promises and foot-weary begging, the victorious candidate goes to bed. He wakes a few hours later, with fuzzy tongue, in the lodgings which have been home for campaign. The marked ballot papers, twenty-four hours ago livid with his future, are now so much rubbish.

(Еxcerpts from Jeremy Paxman’s book “The Political Animal”)

Вправа 5.4.

Перекладіть текст на українську мову. Особливу увагу зверніть на лексичні та стилістичні особливості. Знайдіть в тексті авторські неологізми, проаналізуйте їх утворення й прокоментуйте ваш варіант перекладу.

POLITICS IS A BLOODY BUSINESS

In a rare interview, John Major talks candidly about Tony Blair, the monetary union’s problems, the muck-up factor and doing the right thing.

Ten months ago John Major’s Conservative Party was blasted out of office, ending 18 years of Tory rule in Britain. Major, who turns 55 this month, returned to Parliament not as prime minister but as the M.P. from Huntingdon, a country town north of London. Comfortable in his elder-statesman role, he keeps busy speaking on the lecture circuit, writing his memoirs and watching cricket. He grants interviews only rarely, though he has spoken out on commanding issues such as Iraq. Last week, seated in his House of Commons office near a grand oil painting of himself and his wife, Norma, he met with Newsweek’s Alexis Gelber and Stryker McGuire.

You launched the peace process in Northern Ireland, and Prime Minister Tony Blair has accelerated it. How do you assess the prospects for a settlement?

It’s clearly reaching either what will be the breakthrough phase or the terminal phase. The only thing imperiling a settlement is whether the participants sitting round the table have the courage to reach an agreement. They must know that no one is going to get a hundred per cent of what they want or anything like it. The other thing I believe is very important—indeed, I have said this to the Prime Minister, and he concurred—that once the trouble began with some of the fringe groups, that the talks should be accelerated, not decelerated. Slow them down, and people are going to fall off the sledge.

As the PM, you once gave a speech about Britain’s place in the world and you conveyed a tremendous sense of optimism about the future. Is there anything about the way the present Labour government is managing the country that would cause you to be a little less optimistic?

I think the first thing to say is that the country is in extraordinarily good shape. It takes real skill to produce the best economy we’ve had this century and to lose the election! But some of the policies the Blair government have followed I think are wrong. The first thing they did was to raise taxes in a fashion that nobody had imagined. Not taxes on income. They went like a heat-seeking missile to the company pension funds. Secondly, a raft of policies is helping to force up and sustain the exchange rate at a very high level. That is beginning to have quite a marked effect on Britain’s exports.

What do you think Tony Blair will have learned during his first year in office?

He will begin to learn about the immediacy and imperative nature of events. He will begin to learn about the muck-up factor, when wallpaper [purchased by Blair’s Lord Chancellor, the highest judge in Britain to expensively refurbish his government apartments] becomes more important than substance. When he has been in government for a while he will find that the balance of doubt that a new government invariably gets cast in their favor will work in reverse.