APPROACH

–initial approach;

–intermediate approach;

–final approach;

– approach procedure (ILS / Non Precision / Circling / Visual / Precision approach).

LANDING

–main gear clearance;

–flare;

–call out;

–derotation;

–braking;

–factors affecting landing distance;

–tail strike avoidance.

9.Explain these terms.

AT, AP, CDU, MCP, FMS, ND, WPT, GO, CRZ, HDG.

e.g. FMA (flight mode annunciator) – a display or part of a display that shows the autopilot mode of operation).

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

AIR SYSTEM

Ex. 89. Practise saying these words.

Switch, light, annunciator, selector, heating, overheating, air bleed, battery, circuit, cart, air conditioning system, fan, pack, circulation, recirculation, air supply, duct, temperature, pressure, ram, trim, actuate, illuminate, extinguish, occur, push, release, pressurization, differential pressure, prevent, verify, immediate, momentarily, range, depressurize, improve, external, modified,

automatic, unpressurized, engine, failure, reach, achieve, avoid, avoidance, additional, require, go-around, remain, reposition, necessary, stabilized, elevation, inoperative, motion, outflow, passenger comfort.

Ex. 90. Remember these abbreviations.

Ex. 91. Make sure you know these terms.

External air, heating, cooling, heat exchanger, circuit, protective circuit, DC / AC circuit, external air source, to supply / feed, engine start / start up, damage / to damage, starter, to disconnect, cabin air, air conditioning system, fan, pack, circulation, air supply, air duct, duct temperature, duct pressure, ram air, gasper fan, to isolate, pressurization, illuminate / extinguish, outflow valve, differential pressure, to observe / observation, to actuate / actuator / actuation, motion / to move, range of motion, to reset, to push / to release, range, response / to respond, engine bleed, manifold, air duct, duct temperature, duct pressure, ram air, trim air, inlet, outlet, nozzle, vent, check valve / non-return valve, pressure relief valve, supply fan, exhaust fan, by-pass, ground air conditioning cart, mode selector, landing pattern, destination aerodrome, field elevation.

Ex. 92. Translate these word combinations.

Cabin air quality; isolated pack; pack operation; isolated pack operation; test; mode test; manual mode; to determine cabin altitude; desired rate; full range; range of motion of the outflow valve; thrust levers; excessive pressure bumps; to position the switch; to full open; to depressurize the airplane; automatic pressurization control; initial descent; to accomplish; to modify / modification; except as modified below; unpressurized takeoff and landing; to make a no engine bleed takeoff; to land with the APU inoperative; obstacle clearance height; final approach turn; go-around thrust.

Ex. 93. Decode these abbreviations.

FLT DK DOOR switch, UNLKD, LOCK FAIL indicator, AIRSTAIRS switch, STAIRS OPER light, AC power, POWER switch, hold in STANDBY, INTERPHONE transmitter selector, push and hold EMERGENCY / TEST selector, WING–BODY OVHT TEST switch, both WING–BODY OVERHEAT lights, AIR COND system annunciator, BAT switch, AIR BLEED, RECIRC FAN switch, PACK switch, TRIM AIR switch, APU, AUTO FAIL and ALTN lights, ENGINE BLEED AIR switches, WING ANTI-ICE switch, APU BLEED AIR switch, ADC, TAT.

Ex. 94. Describe the air system operation using these word combinations.

To use the airplane air conditioning system; since the protective circuits are DC; to ensure protection; to damage the starter; in the event of AC power loss; if external air cannot hold 20 psi minimum with APU operating; to allow cart to operate at maximum efficiency; to disconnect ground air conditioning cart; to improve cabin air quality; between starting the first and second engine; isolated pack operation during engine start; after engine No. … is stabilized; pressurization mode selector; engaged starter; outflow valve switch; to verify outflow valve position indicator; to move toward CLOSE / OPEN; cabin altitude climbs at the desired rate as differential pressure decreases; to switch actuation to the manual

mode; to cause an immediate response by the outflow valve; full range of motion of the outflow valve, as necessary; to make thrust lever changes as slowly as possible; to prevent excessive pressure bumps; cabin altitude decrease; as the airplane descends; before entering the landing pattern; to position the OUTFLOW VALVE switch to full open; to depressurize the airplane; to reset to new destination field elevation; to position the switch to full open; to move ENGINE BLEED AIR switches; to reset LAND ALT indicator; at top of descent; automatic pressurization control; to accomplish Normal Procedures except; unpressurized takeoff and landing; a no engine bleed takeoff or landing with the APU inoperative; in case engine failure occurs; to position ENGINE BLEED AIR switches ON; until obstacle clearance height has been attained; to start final approach turn; to avoid high rates of descent for passenger comfort; in case anti-ice is required for taxi; to reposition to AUTO; in case if additional go-around thrust is required; to ensure protection.

Ex. 95. Find antonyms.

Automatic – . . . . . . . . . .; operative – . . . . . . . . . .; to modify – . . . . . . . . . .; rise – . . . . . . . . . .; to decrease – . . . . . . . . . .; pressurize – . . . . . . . . . .; controllable – . . . . . . . . . .; open – . . . . . . . . . .; engine start – . . . . . . . . . .; as slowly as possible – as . . . . . . . . . . as possible; heating – . . . . . . . . . .; AC circuit – . . . . . . . . . .; ON – . . . . . . . . . .; to illuminate – . . . . . . . . . . (a light); high – . . . . . . . . . .; comfort – . . . . . . . . . .; prior to – . . . . . . . . . .; to disconnect – . . . . . . . . . .; to function properly – . . . . . . . . . .; top of descent – . . . . . . . . . .; to improve – . . . . . . . . . .; external – . . . . . . . . . .; inlet – . . . . . . . . .; input – . . . . . . . . . .; cold – . . . . . . . . . .; leading edge – . . . . . . . . . .; supply fan – . . . . . . . . . .; outside – . . . . . . . . . .; rate of descent – . . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 96. Find synonyms.

Caution lights – . . . . . . . . . .; to reach – . . . . . . . . . .; obstacle – . . . . . . . . . .; flight deck – . . . . . . . . . .; to sense – . . . . . . . . . .; to need – . . . . . . . . . .;