additional – . . . . . . . . . .; to ensure – . . . . . . . . . .; to remain – . . . . . . . . . .; to push – . . . . . . . . . . (a knob); motion – . . . . . . . . . .; inoperative – . . . . . . . . . .; external air – . . . . . . . . . .; knob – . . . . . . . . . .; in case of – . . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 97. Write nouns for these verbs.

To modify – . . . . . . . . . .; to improve – . . . . . . . . . .; to connect – . . . . . . . . . . /

. . . . . . . . . .; to need – . . . . . . . . . .; to operate – . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . .; to pressurize – . . . . . . . . . .; to enter – . . . . . . . . . .; to move – . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . .; to compress – . . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 98. Explain these terms.

e.g. Gasper air – an individual air supply for each passenger.

Air cart, outflow valve, air duct, by-pass, vent, compressor, air bleed, heat exchanger, to pressurize, to override.

ANTI-ICE SYSTEM

Ex. 99. Practise saying these terms and word combinations.

Frost, ice, wing surface, fuel, fuel loads, exterior, inspection, painted, area, include / inclusion, approve / approval, operator, appropriate, authorize / authority, implement, procedure, visually, measuring stick, extent, coating, inch, thickness, allowable, leading edge, devices, control surfaces, cavity, remove, deicing, antiicing, ambient, freeze, precipitation, visible, moisture, rain, snow, drizzle, fog, criteria, skin, window, heat, system, overheat, test, simulate, condition, warning, function, power, perform, force, to be forced, bypass, protection, inoperative, observe, airspeed, limit, level change, select, existing, vertical speed, maintain, thrust, mode, retard, arm, pitch, thumb, transition, flight deck, window heat, operation, electrical heating, ice build–up, fogging, bird impact, thermal switch, window strength, rain removal, forward windows, windshield wipers, rain repellent,

scratching, Pitot probes, probe, static ports, standby power, engine anti–ice system, engine bleed air, thermal anti–icing, prevent ice formation, engine cowl, valve, electrically controlled and pressure actuated, excessive pressure, stall warning logic, icing conditions, adjust, stick shaker, provide protection, inboard leading edge slats, detect, overheat condition, exhaust, overboard, setting, takeoff warning, distribution ducts, thermal switch, activation temperature, temperature sensor, to sense, overtemperature, to reopen, air / ground sensor, to remain in the ON position, regardless of, remainder, to monitor valve position, VALVE OPEN lights.

Ex. 100. Remember these abbreviations, make sure you can decode them.

Ex. 101. Translate these word combinations.

To form on the lower and upper wing surfaces; due to cold-soaked fuel; after long flights with large fuel loads; to perform exterior safety inspection; the presence of the painted cold soaked fuel frost area; the inclusion of these procedures in the FCOM; to use these procedures by referring to the appropriate regulatory authority for approval or exemption; to implement the procedure; to make visual inspection; frost or ice on the lower surface outboard of measuring stick; the distance that the frost extends; an indication of the extent of the frost on

the upper surface; takeoff with light coatings of cold-soaked fuel frost; up to 1/8 inch (3 mm) in thickness; to be free of snow, frost or ice; to be removed using appropriate deicing / anti-icing procedures; all leading edge devices, all control surfaces, tab surfaces, winglet surfaces; provided the following conditions are met; similar extent of the frost on both wings; the black lines defining the allowable cold-soaked fuel frost area; the ambient air temperature; above freezing (0 °C, 32 °F); precipitation or visible moisture (rain, snow, drizzle or fog with less than 1 mile visibility); to meet the above criteria; window heat system tests; overheat test; to simulate an overheat condition; to check the overheat warning function of the window heat system; to reset WINDOW HEAT switches; to position the WINDOW HEAT switches OFF, then ON; the power test; to verify operation of the window heat system; to accomplish test; the associated WINDOW HEAT switch; to perform the power test with all ON lights extinguished; to bypass normal temperature control; available overheat protection; to remain extinguished; the inoperative window heat system; to observe the maximum airspeed limit of 250 kts below 10,000 feet; level change; to set desired altitude; to select a new MCP altitude; while in ALT ACQ; to be engaged in V/S; to maintain the existing vertical speed; to push V/S mode switch; to verify FMA display; to transition to the vertical speed mode from another engaged climb or descent mode; flight deck window, flight deck window heat operation; electrical heating; ice build–up and fogging; bird impact; a thermal switch; window strength; rain removal system; forward windows; windshield wipers; permanent rain repellent coating; windshield scratching; Pitot probes; the total air temperature probe; static ports; standby power; to operate on standby power; to be on standby power; engine anti–ice system; engine bleed air thermal anti–icing; to prevent the formation of ice on the engine cowl; cowl anti–ice valve; to be electrically controlled and pressure actuated; excessive pressure; to set stall warning logic for icing conditions; to adjust stick shaker; to provide protection for inboard leading edge slats by using

bleed air; to detect an overheat condition; to be exhausted overboard; setting for takeoff warning activation; temperature inside both wing distribution ducts; thermal switch activation temperature; temperature sensor; to sense a duct overtemperature; to reopen automatically; air / ground sensor; to remain in the ON position regardless of control valve position; for the remainder of the flight; to monitor valve position by the VALVE OPEN lights; to have affect on control valve operation in flight; de-icing procedure.

Ex. 102. Write verbs for these nouns. Underline those which do not change.

Heat – . . . . . . . . . .; approval – . . . . . . . . . .; operator – . . . . . . . . . .; inspection – . . . . . . . . . .; measurement – . . . . . . . . . .; authority – . . . . . . . . . .; removal – . . . . . . . . . .; provision – . . . . . . . . . .; simulator – . . . . . . . . . .; annunciator – . . . . . . . . . .; position – . . . . . . . . . .; check – . . . . . . . . . .; implementation – . . . . . . . . . .; activation – . . . . . . . . . .; verification – . . . . . . . . . .; correction – . . . . . . . . . .; remainder – . . . . . . . . . .; location – . . . . . . . . . .; protection – . . . . . . . . . .; detector – . . . . . . . . . .; force – . . . . . . . . . .; distribution – . . . . . . . . . .; exhaust – . . . . . . . . . .; formation – . . . . . . . . . .; maintainance – . . . . . . . . . .; observer – . . . . . . . . . .; sensor – . . . . . . . . . .; control – . . . . . . . . .; entrance – . . . . . . . . . .; shaker – . . . . . . . . .; switch – . . . . . . . . ..

Ex. 103. Decode these abbreviations.

FCOM, WINDOW HEAT switches, WINDOW HEAT TEST switch, OVHT, OVERHEAT lights, ON switch, MASTER CAUTION, ANTI–ICE system annunciator, MCP, ALT ACQ, V/S, LVL CHG switch, FMA display, RETARD then ARM, MCP SPD, IAS / MACH selector, PWR ALTITUDE selector, CAPT PITOT light, FWD WINDOW HEAT switches, SIDE WINDOW HEAT switches, ENG ANTI–ICE switches, COWL VALVE OPEN light, VALVE OPEN lights, WING ANTI–ICE switch.