Exercises to the text:

I. Translate the words and words combinations from English into Russian. Build up your own sentences with them:

All Saints Day, Irish Celts, earthly world, to take place, according to, agricultural calendar, Roman Catholic Church, tradition of dressing, frightening time, food supplies, fellow spirits, to play an important part, evil spirits, goddess of the trees and fruits, early people, to ward away, nervous householders.

II. Choose the Russian equivalents to the English word combinations:

1. transition	1. тыква
2. bonfire	2. бог
3. pumpkin	3. яркая свеча
4. goddess	4. шутить
5. to associate	5. переход, окончание
6. candlelight	6. зеркало
7. to treat	7. ведьма
8. mirror	8. костёр
9. witch	9. свет свечей
10. ghost	10. ассоциировать
	11. дух
	12. богиня

III. Complete the beginning of the following sentences:

1. … because they organized their year according to the agricultural calendar and marked the transition from one year to the next on October 31.

2. … made November 1st a church holiday to honour all the saints.

3. … and, many people afraid of the dark, the short days of winter were full of constant worry.

4. … people would wear masks when they left their homes after dark so that the ghosts would mistake them for fellow spirits.

5. … to ward away evil spirits and in some places they used to jump over the fire to bring good luck.

IV. Ask questions to the underlined words:

1. The celebration of All Saints Day or just Halloween takes place on October 31st.

2. The most known custom is the tradition of dressing.

3. Hundreds of years ago, winter was an uncertain and frightening time.

4. On Halloween, people placed bowls of food outside their homes to appease the ghosts and prevent them from attempting to enter their home.

5. Fire has always played an important part in Halloween.

V. Confirm or rebut the following statements:

1. The tradition of Halloween began in the fifth century A.D.

2. The tradition of dressing in costume for Halloween has both American and Celtic roots.

3. Fire was very important to the Celts as it was to all early people.

4. Apple Bobbing has the roman origins.

5. Halloween was a time for making mischief – many parts of England still recognize this date as Mischief Night – when children would knock on doors demanding a treat (Trick or Treat) and grandparents would disguise themselves as witches or ghosts, in order to obtain food and money from nervous housewives.

VI. Choose the right English equivalent to the words in brackets:

1. Families would sit by the fire and (рассказывать истории) while they ate apples and nuts.

a) to historify

b) to yarn

c) to tell stories

2. Apples probably (становиться) associated with Halloween because of this festival.

a) to become

b) to go

c) to plant oneself

3. During this time, the Romans remembered their (богиня), Pomona.

a) theomachist

b) goddess

c) queen

4. Since that time many years (проходить).

a) to cross

b) to go

c) to pass

5. They organized their year according to the agricultural calendar and marked the transition from one year to the next on October 31.

a) to organize

b) to establish

c) to manage