7.What is a semifloating axle?
8.What is a three-quarter floating axle?
9.For what purpose is an axle-shaft required?
Задание 7. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя вопросы задания 6 как план пересказа.
СибАДИ87 При ответе спользуйте следующие выражения:
the text is about... ; the text deals with the problem of...; the main subject of the text is...; I know, that...; it is worth mentioning... ; it is widely known, that...; it should be noted... .
Задан е 8. Просмотр те видео «How a Differential works» необходи-
мое вам кол чество раз.
Вып ш те терм ны, которые вы увидите на экране, дайте им определен я.
Расскаж те о ра оте дифференциала.
Текст 28
Задание1.Прочтите тексты, стараясь понять основное содержание.
ELECTRICAL CONTROL
Text A
Carmina (as this system is known) not only informs the driver about the intensity of traffic, the weather, parking places or gas stations, but also chooses the optimal route with account to roads and traffic flows. All information is illumined on a liquid-crystal screen positioned on the dash board. For example, on the map of Paris and the Ile-de-France district different colors are used to designate “unloading” routes, bottlenecks and repair works, as well as sectors which are closed for passage. The colors continually change, reflecting the changing traffic conditions.
Before switching on the guidance system which “speaks” five languages, one needs to feed all information about the city and the streets of departure and destination into the computer. Following this, a white arrow appears on the screen, pointing to the initial position, the name of the next street and the distance to it. The driver also constantly sees the arrow indicating the general direction of movement and the distance remaining in the trip.
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If you listen to music, the FM program will be periodically interrupted by a voice telling you: “Turn right in 200 meters” or “Head for exit three from the square”. If the address of the point of departure has been fed incorrectly, it will take the system not more than three minutes to find its bearings relative to one of the four GPS (Global Positioning System) satel-
lites, correct the error and establish the real whereabouts with an accuracy СибАДИ88 of several tens of meters. But if you miss the turn in ten to fifteen seconds a new route will be offered to you – the shortest and the least difficult. It is
also presumed that Carmina will learn to appraise the time needed for the trip.
In Paris and Ile-de-France the system works thanks to magnetic sensors positioned under the roadbed (near traffic lights): every five seconds they transmit to the traffic controller’s office information regarding traffic levels.
Text B
At first glance, the “alto” only differs from other Citroen XM models because of a laser ranger finder built into the radiator grill and a small camera mounted above the inner rearview mirror. But if we take a look in the cabin, it will become clear that there are many more differences. On the windshield there is a small superhigh frequency antenna. It transmits signals to road beacons which are currently being constructed. In the event of slippery road conditions the necessary information will be sent to the traffic controller who will then transmit warning signals to drivers approaching the dangerous sector.
In the event of highway driving the “alto” is equipped with a “smart” speed regulator. This system switches on a laser range finder (which in the future might be replaced by radar), as well as a computer and electronic control of the accelerator and brake pedals. If you decide to drive at 130 kph, the system will automatically make sure the distance between you and the car in front of you is not less than 54 meter (half a second in terms of time). If, for example, you have caught up with a motor vehicle driving at 120 kph the system will automatically reduce the distance to 45 meters.
Let us suppose that the driver is not too tired and possesses normal reaction skills. Then the programed distance may be too large for him. After deciding to pass someone, he simply presses on the accelerator pedal and switches on the signal light. If he doesn’t turn on the signal the camera keeping track of lateral movements will warn him. It will make a sound resembling the friction of wheels on the rough surface of the breakdown
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lane. If the driver does not respond to the signal and the car drives beyond the limits of the white lines on the edges of the road, the little motor built into the steering wheel column will readjust the steering wheel.
You drive off the highway to a secondary road where you are blinded
by the headlights of cars moving in the opposite direction. Don’t worry,
СCitroen XM.
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your “alto” will switch on its infrared headlights and an infrared camera.
You can then see the road on a small TV screen located right before you.
Задан е 2. Используя текст “Electrical Control”, укажите сходства и разл ч я в с стемах электронного контроля Renault и “alto”
иля тронных с бАстем автомо .
Задан е 3. |
Изуч те р сунок (fig. 12), подберите русские эквиваленты |
к англ йск |
м терм нам. Подготовьте сообщение об одной из элек- |
Д И
Fig.12. Electonic systems
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Текст 29
Задание 1. Прочтите текст, стараясь понять основное содержание.
THE СAR OF THE FUTURE
What kind of vehicle will eventually dominate? At present there are a
Сlot of talks about electric cars, for they have the advantage of giving off no
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exhaust gases. The electric car has a long history. The first cars were built at the end of the 19th century, but they could not compete against the internal combustion engine.
иFor a while the fuel cеll looked very hopeful. This does not have to be charged,бАit generates its own energy from a chemical reaction. But this, too, proved too large and expensive.
They have several disadvantages. First, we have no really suitable
batteries – they are too heavy, take a long time to charge, have too small a capacity and a relatively short life.
An electric car would have to run 200 – 250 km on, one charge to compete with the conventional car which can an about 200 km on a full tank.
So scientists and engineers are looking for better storage rage batteries or cells, and ways of using energy more economically.
There are about 120 different electric cars around the world. Some can run 100 km and longer on one charge. This is quite sufficient for town
Recently, development workДon electric cars has been accelerated in Japan as a principal means of eliminating environmental damage caused by automobiles through air pollution and noise. The electric car will be the first to be used on the streets.
traffic, where cars do not cover such long distances. Electric vans can have
their storage batteries recharged while being loaded or unloaded...
A Japanese automobile firm has announced successful development of three-wheel electric light van for pickup and delivery service and has
started production of the car for full-scale marketing. И
This car will be employed mainly for delivery of newspapers, mail and milk, as well as for light loads in a limited area, such as factory premises.
It has a motor and four 12-volt improved lead batteries as the power source.
The vehicle, seating only the driver, has maximum speed of 40 kilometres per hour.
The batteries can be charged with home electricity.
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With each charging, which takes eight hours, the electric van can run for 40 kilometres.
The price is about twice that of conventional gasoline cars of a similar type.
But will the electric car ever become a universal means of transport?
Hardly.
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Today there are 200 million cars in the world. … It is estimated that if these changed over to electricity, they would require six million kilowatt
hours, and all the power stations in the world now generate only a little |
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Задан е 3. Определ те, какие слова указывают на выводы автора. |
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Задание 4. Соедините подходящие по смыслу части из обеих колонок. |
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Eleсtric cars have the advantage of |
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The first cars were built... |
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The fuel cell generates its own ener- |
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...on one charge. |
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Some electric cars can run 100 km |
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and longer ... |
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storage batteries recharged... |
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...giving off no exhaust. |
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made in future ... |
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Задание 5. Сделайте краткое сообщение по тексту, используя сле-
дующие выражения: this text deals with… , this text discusses… , it is expected that… , it is estimated that… , consequently и др.
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