Текст 14

Задание 1. Слушайте и повторяйте:

Задан е 2. Найд те соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания.

A) A flywheel is mounted; the rear main bearing; to idle smoothly; heavy and light flywheels; to balance with great care; centrifugal forces of rotation; critical speeds.

B) Задн й коренной подшипник; работать плавно на холостом ходу; кр т ческ е скорости; центробежные силы вращения; тяжелое легкое маховое колесо; маховое колесо закреплено; балансировать с особой тщательностью.

Задание3. Прочтите текст“Flywheel”, найдитеответы на вопросы.

1. Для чего необходимо маховое колесо?

2. В каких двигателях используется легкое, а в каких - тяжелое маховое колесо?

3. Что такое критические скорости?

FLYWHEEL

A flywheel is ordinarily mounted near the rear main bearing, which is the longest and sometimes the largest of any of the main bearings in order to support the weight of the flywheel. The flywheel permits the engine to idle smoothly by carrying the pistons through those parts of the stroke cycle when power is not being produced.

The heavier the engine flywheel is the smoother the engine will idle. However an excessively heavy flywheel because of its inertia will cause the engine to accelerate and decelerate slowly.

For these reasons, heavy-duty or truck engines have large and heavy flywheels and racing car or high speed engines have light flywheels.

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Because of the forces acting on the flywheel and crankshafts and the speed at which they revolve, it is necessary to balance them with great care.

They are first balanced statically and then balanced dynamically. To obtain static balance, the weight must be equal in all directions from the

Сcentre when the crankshaft is at rest.

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metal at the light point.

Dynamic balance means balance while the crankshaft is turning. Dynamic balance is attained when centrifugal forces of rotation are equal in all directions at any point. The balancing operation requires special machineryиand involves removal of metal at the heavy points or addition of

But no matter how carefully the crankshaft and the parts attached to it are balanced, there will be certain speeds, at which vibration will occur.

These are knownбАas critical speeds are caused to occur at speeds outside the working speeds of the engine.

Задан е 4. Законч те следующие предложения, используя текст.

1.A flywheel is ordinarily mounted...

2.The flywheel permits the engine...

3.To obtain static balance, the weight must...

4.Dynamic balance means...

5.Critical speeds are caused to occur...

Задание 6. Найдите ответ, соответствующийДсодержанию текста.

Задание 5. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

Long, heavy, usual, mount, rear, main, accelerate, slow, high speed,

static, equal, at rest, often, near, outside.

1.Where is a flywheel usually mounted?

2.What is the function of a flywheel in an automobile? 3.What flywheels have heavy-duty vehicles?

4.Why must the flywheel and crankshaft be balanced with great care? 5.What are critical speeds?

И

Задание 7. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя вопросы задания 6 как пункты плана пересказа.

При ответе используйте следующие выражения:

the text is about… ; the text deals with the problem… ; the main subject of the text is... ; it should be noted, that... .

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Задание 8. Просмотрите видео «How Flywheel Works» необходимое вам количество раз.

Выпишите определения терминов, которые вы увидите на эк-

ране.

Приготовьте устное сообщение о работе махового колеса.

Задан е 2. Найд те соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания.

A) A straight shaft; an eccentric lobe; poppet valve; inlet valve; exhaust valve; around the perimeter of the shaft; a multiple cylinder engine; volumetric efficiency.

B) Объёмный к.п.д.; по периметру оси; прямая ось; многоцилиндровый двигатель; впускной клапан; тарельчатый клапан; выпускной клапан; ударный кулачок.

Задание 3. Прочтите переведите следующие предложения. Найдите в каждом предложении инфинитив и определите его грамматическую форму.

1. The camshaft is said to have a simple form.

2. We expect this young engineer to design some new kind of engine. 3. These valves are to be opened smoothly.

4. The valves need to be closed at different times.

Задание 4. Прочтите текст “Camshaft” и найдите в нем ответы на вопросы:

1.Сколько кулачков имеет распределительный вал многоцилиндрового двигателя?

2.Для чего служит кулачок?

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CAMSHAFT

A camshaft in its simplest form is a straight shaft with an eccentric lobe or cam on it. For one cylinder four cycle poppet valve engine it would have two cams on it -one for the inlet valve and another for the exhaust valve. These cams would be located at different places around the perime-

ter of the shaft as the valves need to be opened at different times. For a СибАДИ54 multiple cylinder engine there are ordinarily as many cams as there are

valves to be operated.

The cam is designed to lift the valve at precisely the correct instant of piston travel and hold it long enough to obtain the most efficient filling and emptying of the cylinder and thus exerts considerable control over the volumetric efficiency of the engine. In any car engine the ram of the cams are designed to open the valve smoothly and gradually.

The location of the cams around the camshaft along with the design of the crankshaft determines the firing order of the engine.

At one time cams were pinned or keyed to the crankshaft, but they are now forged in one piece and it is not possible to get them mixed up. When they are worn out of shape, it is necessary to replace the entire camshaft.

Задание 5. Закончите следующие предложения, используя текст.

1.A camshaft is a… .

2.Fоr a multiple cylinder engine there are ordinarily as many cams as... .

3.In any car engine the ram on the cams are designed… . 4.The location of the cams determines… .

Задание 6. Образуйте существительные от глаголов:

Replace; locate; place; operate; determine; mix.

Задание 7. Найдите ответ, соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.What is the camshaft?

2.On what does the quantity of cams on the camshaft depend? 3.What is the function of a cam?

4.What determines the firing order?

5.What must be done if the cams are worn out of shape?

Задание 8. Передайте содержание текста на английском языке, используя вопросы задания 7 как план пересказа.

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