National Symbols

Countries often have national symbols or emblems. Britain is usually shown as a lion or a bulldog. The USA has an eagle as its symbol. Australia uses a kangaroo.

Countries have their own national colours, too. These are usually the colours of the national flag. The patriotic colours in Britain and the USA are red, white and blue. Companies and political parties often use these colours to create a feeling of national pride.

The different parts of Britain have their own emblems, too. They are all plants. You can see them on pound coins: England has the rose, Scotland has the thistle, and Wales has the leek.

In the fifteenth century there was a long series of wars in England, which was called the Wars of the Roses. It was fought between the Dukes of Lancaster and the Dukes of York over who should be king. The emblem of Lancaster was the red rose and the emblem of York was the white rose. Eventually the Duke of Lancaster won, so the rose in the English emblem is the red rose.

Each country has its own colour, too. These are used, for example, for football or rugby teams. The colours for the different parts of Britain are: England – white, Scotland – blue, Wales – red. These colours come from the national flags. The English flag is white with a red cross. The Scottish flag has a white cross on a blue background. The Welsh flag shows a red dragon.

6. Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What national emblems and colours does your country have?

2. What do you know about the origin of national symbols and colours?

7. Make up a plan of the text in the form of the questions of different types (not less than 10 questions).

III ВАРІАНТ

1. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Nobody asked Bill to sing.

2. Someone must teach this boy a lesson.

3. They won’t finish the new road this week.

4. Who smashed the kitchen window?

5. Jill hasn’t done the housework yet.

6. Had Helen closed the windows before she left the house?

2. Write down the following sentences. Underline the non-finite form of the verb. Define the non-finite form of the verb. Translate the sentences.

1. Gallio didn’t know how to talk with Marcellus about it.

2. John came home tired.

3. He found it impossible to utter the next word.

4. Her favourite occupation is reading novels by American writers.

5. I am sure Peter doesn’t feel like going to the disco. He is busy reading a detective story.

3. Turn the sentences from direct into reported speech. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. The secretary said to me, "Wait here, please."

2. The park keeper said to them, "Don't walk on the grass."

3. I asked Mary, "Can you do the shopping for me?"

4. Jill said to Roy, "I haven't seen you for ages."

5. "Why did you do that?" he asked her.

4. Define the type of conditional (1, 2, 3). Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. If Blanche had been better, her husband would have seen her yesterday.

2. I would willingly enough do the shopping for you, if I had the time.

3. If you wait for a few moments I will send someone to prepare him.

5. Read and translate the following text: