UNIT 1

HELLO!

Focus on

Use of English

Grammar:

Verb to be

Questions

Subject Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives

Articles

Numbers 1-100, 1000

Reading Names. Countries.

Speaking Capital cities. Addresses

Social English

Introductions

USE OF ENGLISH

Grammar

Verb to be (the Present Simple Tense)

Positive and Negative Forms

I	am	from Russia	I'm = I am
He/She/It	is		He's/She's/It's = He/ She/It is
We You They	are		We're = We are You're = You are They're = They are

I	am	not	from Russia	I'm not = I am not
He/She/It	Is			He/She/It isn't = He/ She/It is not
We You They	are			We aren't = We are not You aren't = You are not They aren't - They are not

NOTE: Look at the negative forms: She isn't married. You aren't British.

BUT: I'm not a schoolboy.

Exercise 1. Write the short form (she's/we aren't, etc.).

He is	It is
I am not	She is not
They are	You are not

Exercise 2. Write the full form (she is/we are not, etc.).

We aren't	It isn't
They aren't	You're
I'm	She's

Exercise 3. Put in am/am not/is/isn't/are/aren't.

1. I ___ from Russia.

2. Debbie and Mark ___ British. They ___ German.

3. My friend ___ interested in computers.

4. His parents ___ around 40.

5. How old ___ you? I ___ 18.

6. London ___ situated on the river Evans. It ___ situated on the river Thames.

7. I ___ keen on sports. But I ___ rather good at basketball.

8. Her name ___ Jane. It ___ Helen.

Exercise 4. Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am/am not/is/isn't/are/aren't.

1. I/keen on Biology.

2. Rome/in Spain.

3. We/Russian.

4. Football/a popular sport in Britain.

5. The "Beatles" and "Deep Purple"/famous British groups.

6. American English/different from British English.

7. My hobbies/art and music.

General questions

Am	I	a student?	- Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Is	he/she/it	a student?	- Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/ it isn't.
Are	we you they	students?	- Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. - Yes, you are. / No, you aren't. - Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Exercise 5. Make general questions with these words. Give short answers.

1) your mother/at work?

2) her children/at home?

3) he/from Italy?

4) I/good at English?

5) you/interested in books?

6) I/right?

7) this subject/difficult?

Exercise 6. Give short answers (Yes, I am/No, he isn't, etc.).

1. Are your parents old?

2. Are all your school friends students now?

3. Is English difficult?

4. Is your home town small?

5. Are you interested in music?

6. Is your friend good at languages?

Alternative questions

Am	I	your friend	or	not?	- Yes, you are/ No, you aren't.
Is	he/she	Spanish	or	Italian?	- He/She is Italian.
	it	difficult	or	easy?	- It's difficult.
Are	we	in the city centre	or	on the outskirts?	- You are on the outskirts.
	you	a student	or	a school boy?	- I'm a student.
	they	at home	or	at work?	- They are at work.

Exercise 7. Ask alternative questions with the following words. Give answers.

Example: You/a student/a schoolboy? - Are you a student or a schoolboy? I'm a student.

1. He/in Moscow/in Kiev?

2. Alan and Henry/students/teachers?

3. Your new friends/sociable/not?

4. His daughter/17/18?

5. Your parents/old/young?

6. Russia/a big/a small country?

7. They/designers/artists?

Special questions

What	is	her job?	- She's a shop assistant.
Where	are	you from?	- from Germany.
Who	is	John?	- He's their son.
How	are	you?	- Not bad, thanks.
How old	is	he?	- Eighteen.
What	is	your father like?	- He's sociable and very clever.
What kind of (books)	is	he fond of?	- Historical books.
Why	are	you late?	- My watch is wrong.
Whose (friend)	is	Mary?	- She's my friend.
What colour	is	our flag?	- It's white, blue and red.

Exercise 8. Ask and answer questions.

Example: What colour is a banana ? - It's yellow.

What colour are your trousers? - They're black.

What colour is/are

the sun? the snow? ambulances in Moscow? the traffic lights? roses? post boxes in Moscow? the sky? a Christmas tree?

Exercise 9. Complete the sentences.

Example: Where are my books? - On the table.

1. _ _ _ that clock?	About a hundred years old.
2. _ _ Paul from?	Denmark, I think.
3. _ _ your favourite subject?	Mathematics.
4. _ _ he so happy?	Because it's his birthday.
5. _ _ _ the car?	It’s black.
6. _ _ that man in the car?	My brother.
7. _ _ _ music _ you fond of?	Rock music.
8. _ _ the banks closed today?	Because it's Sunday.

Exercise 10. Ask the questions.

Example: What is your name? - My name's Mark.

1. - - - -? - Her name's Pam.

2. - - -? - No, my mother isn't very young.

4. - - -? - Yes, it is Frank Ellis.

5. - - -? - No, I'm not Diana. I'm Ann.

6. - - -? - Jane.

7. - - -? - No, it isn't Ronald. It's Gerald.

8. - - -? - 14 King Street, London.

9. - - -? - 805-9866.

10. - - -? - My shoes are black.

11. - - -? - Olga is very kind.

12. - - -? - Sue is fond of pop music and jazz.

Tag questions

I	am	a genius,	aren't	I?	- Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
H e	is	a teenager,	isn't	he?	- Yes, he is./ No, he isn't.
She		a Londoner,		she?	- Yes, she is./ No, she isn't.
I t		far from here,		it?	- Yes, it is./ No, it isn't.
We	are	in the city centre,	aren't	we?	- Yes, we are./ No, we aren't.
You				you?	- Yes, you are./ No, you aren't.
They				they?	- Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.

I	am not	a schoolboy,	am	I?	- No, I am not./ Yes, I am.
He	isn't	married,	is	he?	- No, he isn't./ Yes, he is.
She	isn't	at home,	is	she?	- No, she isn't./ Yes, she is.
It	isn't	easy,	is	it?	- No, it isn't./ Yes, it is.
We	aren't		are	we?	- No, we aren't./ Yes, we are.
You		old,		you?	- No, you aren't/ Yes, you are.
They				they?	- No, they aren't/ Yes, they are.

Exercise 11. Give the correct tag to these sentences.

1. Your mother is thirty-seven years old, ___?

2. It's her birthday today, ___?

3. I'm not in class now, ___?

4. You aren't married, ___?

5. They are Russian, ___?

6. I'm fond of hard rock, ___?

7. Alice isn't very friendly, ___?

Exercise 12. Ask questions about the information in italics.

Example: My mother is 50. - How old is your mother?

1. I'm from a small town in the South of Russia.

2. Yes, Linda is a first-year student.

3. Tom and Sue are sociable and very intelligent.

4. My sister is fond of classical music.

5. I am a bank clerk.

6. Today Tony is at home because it's Sunday.

7. His home telephone number is 678-8996.

8. It's 4 o'clock and you are at work.

Subject Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives

I	MY	- My friend is from Minsk.
YOU	YOUR	- Your friend is from Kiev.
HE	HIS	- His friend is from Alma-Ata.
SHE	HER	- Her friend is from Murmansk.
IT	ITS	- Russia is famous for its ballet.
WE	OUR	- Our friends are from America.
YOU	YOUR	- Your friends are from England.
THEY	THEIR	- Their friends are from Holland.

NOTE: Its and It's

Its Oxford is famous for its University.

It's I like Oxford. It's a nice city.

Exercise 13. Put in my or your.

1. What's ___ address?

2. Hello. ___ name's Bond. James Bond.

3. "Is ___ phone number 351-4402?" - "Yes, that's right."

4. "___ name's Robert, isn't it?" - "No, it's Mike."

5. ___ house number is 25, not 15.

Exercise 14. Put in her or his.

1. ___ name's Brigitte.

2. ___ name's Lee. He is from China.

3. Is Marcos ___ first name or ___ surname?

4. Paul is a student. ___ friends are students too.

5. Rosie is from Brighton. ___ phone number is 32-294.

6. Mary is from England. ___ address is 35, Baker Street.

Exercise 15. Complete the paragraph with the Possessive Adjectives our or their and the Pronouns we or they.

I'm Pedro and this is my wife Daphnia. ___ (1) are Mexican. ___ (2) house is in Mexico City. ___ (3) two children are students. They are both university students. ___ (4) friends are Americans. ___ (5) names are Bob and Sandra and ___ (6) house is in Detroit. ___ (7) children are students too.

Exercise 16. Put in Possessive Adjectives.

1. I like football. It's ___ favourite sport.

2. "What's ___ address?" - "My address is 20 North Street, Liverpool."

3. We live in Kiev. ___ flat is in the city centre.

4. They're at the party with ___ friends.

5. Alice is from Italy. ___ home town is Milan.

6. He's in ___ office.

7. Amsterdam is famous for ___ canals.

Articles

	Indefinite Article	Definite Article	Zero Article
FORM	a/an	the	-
USAGE	with Singular Countable Nouns	with Singular and Plural Countable and Uncountable Nouns	with Uncountable and Plural Countable Nouns
MEANING	1. = one Britain is an island. 2. for jobs I am a doctor. 3. in descriptions Madrid is a big city. NOTE: an (not a) is used before a/e/i/o/u an apple; an interesting book Also an hour (h is not pronounced: an (h)our, but - a university)	1. to talk about definite people, things or ideas The hostel is not very far from here. (= my hostel) 2. a) with some geographical names the USA; b) with the names of rivers, mountains, seas and oceans the Volga, the Alps, the Black Sea, the Atlantic Ocean	1. to speak generally Teenagers are welcome here. Money is not everything. 2. with countries, towns, names of people Russia, France, Moscow, Paris, James, Mr. Brown 3. with nouns in certain phrases at home, at work, at university, at school 4. with academic subjects History

Exercise 17. Write a or an in front of the words.

1. ___	book	8. ___	economist
2. ___	old book	9. ___	actress
3. ___	university	10. ___	hour
4. ___	engineer	11. ___	assistant
5. ___	man	12. ___	nice day
6. ___	game	13. ___	address
7. ___	computer	14. ___	brother

Exercise 18. Put in a/an or "-"

1. Kate and Liz are ___ students.

2. Jack is ___ very nice person. You must meet him.

3. ___ tennis is ___ very popular sport.

4. I like working with ___ people.

5. Tom and Pam aren't at ___ home now.

6. Are you interested in ___ Physics?

7. My mother is at ___ work now.

Exercise 19. Put in the or "-" with geographical names.

1. Terry isn't from ___ Canada.

2. ___ Nile is a river in ___ Africa.

3. ___ Pacific is between ___ America and ___ Asia.

4. My friends live close to ___ Black Sea.

5. ___ Alps are mountains in Central Europe.

6. I'm from ___ Moscow.

7. Stockholm is the capital of ___ Sweden.

8. Alan is from San Francisco which is in ___ West of ___ United States.

Exercise 20. Put in a/an, the, or "-".

1. Rome is ___ capital of Italy.

2. Don't sit on ___ chair. It's dirty.

3. Peter and Mary have two children, ___ boy and ___ girl. ___ boy is seven years old and ___ girl is three.

4. What is ___ name of this village?

5. I live in ___ old house on the outskirts. It's two miles from ___ city centre.

6. In North Street you will see three houses: ____ red two-storey house, ___ blue three-storey house and ___ nice white house. I live in ___ white house.

7. Tim lives in ____ small village in ____ country.

8. Close ____ door, please. I'm cold.