Topical vocabulary

1.	disease	ауру
2.	condition of good health	дені сау болу
3.	normal structure	қалыпты құрылым
4.	to be harmed	бұзылған, бүлінген
5.	to be weakened	әлсізденген
6.	sickness	ауру
7.	illness	ауру
8.	treatment	ем, ем-дом
9.	to cure	емдеу
10.	medical supervision	медициналық бақылау
11.	disease germs	микроб
12.	tissues	ұлпа
13	nausea	жүрегі айну
14.	lack of appetite	тәбеті болмау
15.	fatigue	шаршау
16.	fever	безгек
17.	infected person	ауру жұққан адам
18.	hygiene	гигиена
19.	vaccines	вакцина
20.	immunity	иммунитет

1. Answer the questions.

1. How do disease vary according to the difficulty in getting over them?

2. What helps to promote health?

3. When does illness occur?

4. How is illness discovered?

5. What are the infectious diseases?

6. Is there any vaccine against the cold?

7. What are non communicable diseases?

8. Why can no immunity be produced for these diseases?

Ex.2. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and phrases.

Қалыпты функция, структурасы бұзылған, қысқа уақытқа созылу, асқынған ауру, жазылу, дәрімен емдеу, емдеу, өмір жағдайы, тұрмыс деңгейі, аурудан қорғану, қорғаныш әлсірейді, функциясы нашарлау, төмендеу; бұзылу, жүрегі айну, шаршау, тәбеті болмау, қарапайым медициналық бақылау, инфекциялық ауру, ауру адамнан дені сау адамға ауысу, жұғу, қоғамдық денсаулық проблемасы, ең кең тараған ауру, иммунитетті көтеру.

Ex.3. Repeat what the text said about diseases.

Ex.4. Translate the dialogues into English.

1.

- Сенің түрің мүлдем нашарлап кетіпті. Саған не болған?

- Шынын айтсам, мен өзімді біртүрлі сезініп тұрмын. Емханаға баратын шығармын.

- Әрине, тез бар.

2.

- Мараттың жағдайы қалай (өзін қалай сезінеді)?

- Өкінішке орай, нашар. Ол қатты сырқаттанып жатыр. Өткен түнде оның ыстығы көтерілді. Температурасы 39 градустан жоғары болды. Оның әлсіз болғаны сонша, тіпті менімен сөйлесе де алмады. Оның мұндай жағдайда жатқанына үш күн болды.

GRAMMAR: The Past Continuous Tense.

AFFIRMATIVE	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
I was reading	I was not reading	Was I reading?
We were reading	We were not reading	Were we reading?

• The Past Continuous denotes a temporary action taking place at a given moment in the past:

at 5 o’ clock yesterday.

I was writing a letter to my friend from 5 to 6 on Sunday.

when Mum came.

• We often use the Past Continuous and the Past Indefinite (Simple) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else:

I saw Irene in the park. She was sitting on the bench and waiting for somebody.

Ex.5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous Tense and translate them.

1. The children were frightened because it (get) dark. 2. It was a fine day and the roads were crowded because a lot of people (rush) to the seaside. 3. He usually wears sandals but when I last saw him he (wear) boots. 4. Ton ate nothing for lunch because he (diet). 5. Who you (talk) to on the phone as I came in? 6. I went into the garden to see what the boys (do). 7. He was a little mad. He always (try) to prove that the earth was flat. 8. Just as I (wonder) what to do next, the phone rang.

Ex.6. Translate into English.

Мен орындықта сәл отырдым да, содан соң кітап оқи бастадым. 2. Ол оғаш, әдеттен тыс суреттер салатын Ленаны көрді. 3. Ол келгенде, біз ол туралы айтып жатыр едік. 4. Кеше сағат алтыларда ол (қыз) шай дайындап жатқан. 5. Мен кіргенде сен не ойнап жатыр едің? 6. Менің достарым лагерьге оралғанда шәйнектегі шай қайнап жатқан. 7. Үлкен ағам сөзжұмбақ шешіп жатқан, анам тоқыма тоқып, қалғандары оқып жатқан. 8. Ол (қыз) ұйқыдан оянғанда бақшада құстар ән салып тұр екен.

Ex.7. Translate the joke paying special attention to the italicized words.

Бүлдіршін

Бір күні егде джентльмен көшеде қыдырып жүр екен. Ол көп үйлердің бірінің есігінің алдындағы кішкентай баланы байқап қалды. Бала есіктің алдында тұрып, ол үшін өте биікте орналасқан қоңырауға (door-bell) қолын жеткізе (reach) алмай тұр екен. Егде джентльмен ақ көңіл адам болатын, сондықтан тоқтап, балаға көмектескісі келді. «Мен сенің орныңа есікке қоңырау шалайын,» - деді де, қоңырауды тартып қалды (pull). Кішкентай бала оған қарады да: «Енді бізге қашу керек» - деді күліп.

Егде джентльмен не болып жатқанын түсінбеді. Бала бұрышқа барып, көзден ғайып болды (disappear), ал қарттың ашулы үй иесіне (owner of the house) не үшін қоңырауды басқанын түсіндіруге тура келді (explain to).

Ex.8. Write the correct verb form into the gap. Use the Past Progressive. Example: ___ she ______ a book? (to read). Answer: Was she reading a book?

1) …..Ashley …….on the computer? (to work)

2) …..they ……the bike? (to repair)

3) …….Melissa ……out a book? (to take)

4) …..you …..to music? (to listen)

5) ……Nicolas ……at a picture? (to look)

6) ……Emma and Bertha ……her friend? (to phone)

7) ……the girl ……the window? (to open)

8) ……he …..judo? (to do)

9) ……the friends ……home from school?(to come)

10) …..Tyler ……with the cooking? (to help)

Ex.9. Put in the correct verb forms and the nouns into the gaps. Use the Past Progressive. Mind verb and noun/pronoun in brackets.

Example: ______________ a book? (she/to read). Answer: Was she reading a book?

1) ………….the museum? (she/to visit)

2) …………with a pencil? (you/to write)

3) …………comics? (the boys/to read)

4) ………questions? (Kimberly/to ask)

5) ……..photos? (Helen and Anne/to take)

6) ……….a lot of noise? (your brother/to make)

7) ………the classroom? (the teacher/to leave)

8) ……….text messages? (the girls/to send)

9) ……….under the tree? (the dog/to sit)

10) ……..at pictures? (they/to look)

Ex.10. Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Example: Adam was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).

1. ‘What ………….. (you/do) at this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’

2. ‘………….. (you/ go) out last night?’ ‘No, I was too tired.’

3. How fast …………. (you/ drive) when the accident ………… (happen)?

4. My friend……………. (take) a photograph of me while I ……………(not/look).

5. We were in a very difficult position. We ……………..(not/know) what to do.

6. I haven’t seen Aman for ages. When I last ……………(see) him, he ……………… (try) to find a job.

7. I …………….(walk) along the street when suddenly I …………… (hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody …………… (follow) me. I was scared and I …………… (start) to run.

8. When I was young, I …………… (want) to be a pilot.

9. Last night I …………… (drop) a plate when I …………… (do) the washing up. Fortunately it …………… (not/break).

UNIT 11

PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS

Text: Examination.

Grammar: The Future Indefinite (Simple) Tense.

Examination.

The afternoons were devoted to a new course, physical diagnosis, in which the students practiced the technique of examination on one another. Dan and Noble again were partners. They spent a whole week learning how to use a stethoscope.

"Take a deep breath. Now hold it. Now cough." After the cough Dan heard something odd in the right lung. He put the stethoscope down. "I think you've got rales in the right lung".

"What do you think it means?" ''Maybe a cold."

Noble looked around. Then he said quietly, "My mother and father both died of tuberculosis".

"Have you been swimming lately? Maybe you got some water in your lungs"

''I've lost eleven pounds."

"Maybe you ought to get an X-ray."

"Be quiet," Noble whispered fiercely. "If they find out about this I'll be put in a sanatorium. I won't get out for a couple of years, and I won't finish the medical school then. I'll be out of money."

"Are you sweating at night?"

"Sometimes 1 sweat. Don't you?

"Not much. You ever run a fever?"

Noble felt his own forehead. "I don't know," he said.

"Get a thermometer. Take your temperature whenever you get a chance, particularly in the late afternoon."

Noble looked at him. "Don't tell anybody about this," he said.

"You ought to see a doctor. The school doesn't have to know anything about this."

"It's a reportable disease." - Dan had forgotten. All cases of tuberculosis had to be reported.

In the evening Dan took Noble to the laboratory after everybody had left. They looked at Noble's sputum under the microscope.

"They look like ТВ germs to me". Noble said. "I ran a fever and sweated a lot last night. I lost three more pounds. 1 can't eat at all now.

"You ought to go to a doctor. You have to get an X-ray." "I'm not going to a doctor. Don't give me away." So Dan managed to get Noble into X-ray unnoticed. He took his chest' X-ray and developed the film. When Noble looked at the picture he-was! sure it was tuberculosis. Dan was not sure. He showed the picture to Dr.

Rosenthal, who said that the picture was badly overexposed and he couldn't tell a thing.

That night Noble didn't go home. His sister had a little baby and he' was afraid that he was contagious. He slept at Dan's. All through the night, Dan heard him moving restlessly and coughing. In the morning Dan drove. directly to the hospital and took Noble to Dr. Rosenthal. The doctor took, out his stethoscope. After a while he asked Dan where he had heard those, rales. Dan showed him. The doctor handed him the scope. "Find them for me." Dan heard nothing but the soft movement of air in Noble's lungs. Then Dr. Rosenthal listened again. "Have you had a cold?"

Noble nodded. "I'm just getting over one." Rosenthal shrugged. "You got mixed up between coarse rales and fine rales." He said to Dan. "What?" Noble said, "I can't eat and I've been sweating and I'm feeling lousy." "I'd feel the same way if I thought I had tuberculosis. All you have is a cold," Dr. Rosenthal said.